1 The excretory system plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis.A) True B) False 2 Which of the following lacks an excretory organ?A) hydra B) planaria C) insects D) earthworm 3 Excretion and defecation have the same basic meaning.A) True B) False 4 Marine invertebrates and cartilaginous fish have body fluids nearly isotonic to seawater.A) True B) False 5 Cellular respiration produces water which is one way water enters the body.A) True B) False 6 Water is lost from the body through _____.A) feces formation B) excretion C) evaporation D) all of the above 7 When there are differences in osmolarity between two regions, water tends to move in to the region with the lower amount of ions.A) True B) False 8 The regulation of body fluids is dependent upon the concentration of _____.A) potassium ions B) bicarbonate ions C) chlorine ions D) all of the above 9 The body fluids of _____ are hypertonic to their environment, and they are prone to passively gain water.A) freshwater bony fish B) marine bony fish C) sharks 10 Some fish move between freshwater and marine water environments during their life cycles.A) True B) False 11 A nasal salt gland allows _____ that live near the sea to excrete large volumes of concentrated salt solution.A) reptiles B) birds C) both A and B 12 The kangaroo rat is so well adapted to conserving water it can survive using only metabolic water produced during cellular respiration.A) True B) False 13 Which of these is a metabolic waste?A) carbon dioxide B) nitrogenous waste C) both A and B 14 Water is not needed to excrete ammonia.A) True B) False 15 Amino groups may be excreted as _____.A) ammonia B) urea C) uric acid D) all of the above 16 A fairly constant amount of energy is required for the conversion of amino groups to ammonia, urea, or uric acid.A) True B) False 17 Which of the following requires the greatest amount of energy to produce?A) ammonia B) urea C) uric acid D) amino groups 18 Amino groups are formed by the hydrolysis of _____.A) carbohydrates B) proteins C) nucleic acids D) lipids 19 Which of the following conserves the most water?A) ammonia B) urea C) uric acid 20 Urea is produced by the _____.A) kidneys B) liver C) spleen D) large intestine 21 Ammonia can be used as a nitrogenous excretory product only if a good deal of water is available to wash it away from the body.A) True B) False 22 Which of the following is the least toxic nitrogenous waste?A) ammonia B) urea C) uric acid 23 Organisms that produce embryos that develop in shelled eggs tend to produce ammonia as their primary nitrogenous waste.A) True B) False 24 Terrestrial amphibians and mammals generally produce _____ as their main nitrogenous waste.A) ammonia B) urea C) uric acid 25 The addition of a hydrogen ion to an amino group easily forms _____.A) ammonia B) urea C) uric acid 26 The most toxic nitrogenous waste produced by some animals is _____.A) ammonia B) urea C) uric acid 27 Which of the following routinely produces ammonia as its primary nitrogenous waste?A) cats. B) bony fish C) birds D) insects 28 Some amino acids not used for synthesis by the body are oxidized to generate energy.A) True B) False 29 Which of the following conserves water by producing uric acid as their primary nitrogenous waste?A) birds B) amphibians C) humans D) none of the above 30 Nephridia are observed in _____.A) planaria B) insects C) fish D) earthworms 31 Malpighian tubules are attached to the _____.A) bladder B) gut C) body wall 32 The flame cell system functions in _____.A) excreting wastes B) osmotic regulation C) both A and B 33 Nearly every segment in an earthworm has a pair of excretory structures called nephridia.A) True B) False 34 Uric acid leaves the body of insects at the spiracles.A) True B) False 35 The excretory organs in planaria are called _____.A) nephridia B) flame cells C) malpighian tubules 36 Insects that live in dry environments excrete a dry semisolid mass of _____.A) uric acid B) urea C) ammonia 37 Urine is produced by the _____.A) kidneys B) liver C) spleen D) bladder 38 The ureter carries urine to the urinary bladder.A) True B) False 39 In males, the urethra transports _____.A) urine B) sperm C) both A and B 40 In a normal human, there are two _____.A) kidneys B) urethras C) both A and B 41 In females, the urinary system is connected to the _____.A) reproductive system B) immune system C) digestive system D) none of the above 42 The _____ transports blood with nitrogenous waste to the kidneys for filtration.A) renal artery B) renal vein C) pulmonary artery D) pulmonary vein 43 Urine is temporarily stored in the _____ until it is voided.A) gallbladder B) renal pelvis C) urinary bladder D) ureters 44 In females, the urethra opens ventral to the vaginal opening.A) True B) False 45 The microscopic portion of the kidney is the renal _____.A) cortex B) pelvis C) medulla D) none of the above 46 Nephrons are located in the renal _____.A) pelvis B) cortex C) medulla D) both B and C 47 The kidneys are composed of approximately one million microscopic _____.A) flame cells B) nephrons C) malpighian tubules D) nephridia 48 Urine travels in collecting ducts to the _____.A) urinary bladder B) urethra C) renal pelvis D) gallbladder 49 Urine formation requires _____.A) pressure filtration B) reabsorption C) tubular secretion D) all of the above 50 ADH is associated with _____.A) glucose balance B) water balance C) protein balance 51 Several _____ convoluted tubules enter one collecting duct.A) proximal B) distal 52 The glomerulus forms from the division of an _____ arteriole.A) afferent B) efferent 53 An efferent arteriole branches into a second capillary bed called the _____.A) peritubular capillaries B) glomerulus 54 The _____ is closest to the glomerulus.A) loop of the nephron B) proximal convoluted tubule C) distal convoluted tubule 55 Peritubular capillaries join to form venule that join to form veins leading to the _____.A) hepatic portal vein B) superior vena cava C) aorta D) renal vein 56 Which of the following is not filtered out of the blood during glomerular filtration?A) red blood cells. B) glucose C) water D) urea 57 Molecules are filtered from the blood during glomerular filtration based on their _____.A) color B) size C) shape 58 Tubular reabsorption occurs at the _____.A) glomerular capsule B) proximal convoluted tubule C) collecting duct D) distal convoluted tubule 59 With untreated diabetes mellitus, there is an abnormally large amount of _____ in the filtrate.A) urea B) sodium C) glucose D) hemoglobin 60 During tubular reabsorption, _____ is returned to the blood.A) glucose B) water C) urea D) all of the above 61 If there is more glucose in the filtrate than there are carrier molecules with which to absorb it, the glucose will appear in the urine.A) True B) False 62 Which of the following remains in the blood as it flows into the efferent arteriole?A) blood proteins B) blood cells C) both A and B 63 Put the steps of urine formation in the correct order. 1. Tubular secretion 2. Glomerular filtration 3. Tubular reabsorptionA) 1, 2, 3 B) 2, 3, 1 C) 2, 1, 3 D) 3, 2, 1 64 The glomerular filtrate has the same composition as tissue fluid.A) True B) False 65 The distal convoluted tubule is where _____ takes place.A) filtration B) reabsorption C) secretion D) all of the above 66 Tubular secretion helps rid the body of harmful compounds that were not filtered into the glomerulus.A) True B) False 67 Which of the following is transported into the tubule during tubular secretion?A) ammonia B) hydrogen ions C) penicillin D) all of the above 68 The kidneys regulate the water balance of the blood which means they help maintain _____.A) blood pressure B) blood volume C) both A and B 69 Anti-diuretic hormone _____.A) is produced by the kidneys B) decreases blood pressure C) causes less urine to form D) all of the above 70 The entire loop of the nephron is permeable to water.A) True B) False 71 Blood volume and blood pressure are decreased by _____.A) aldosterone B) atrial natriuretic hormone C) anti-diuretic hormone D) both A and C 72 Atrial natriuretic hormone _____.A) is produced by the heart B) is released when blood pressure is high C) promoted the excretion of Na+ D) all of the above 73 Energy must be expended to reabsorb waer, salts and nutrients in the filtrate.A) True B) False 74 An animal's kidney is selective about what small molecules are returned to the blood rather than what small molecules leave the blood.A) True B) False 75 Blood pH is maintained by the _____.A) kidneys B) respiratory system C) both A and B 76 If the blood is acidic, hydrogen ions are retained and bicarbonate ions are excreted.A) True B) False