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| 1 | |
The excretory system plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following lacks an excretory organ? |
| | A) | hydra |
| | B) | planaria |
| | C) | insects |
| | D) | earthworm |
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| 3 | |
Excretion and defecation have the same basic meaning. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 4 | |
Marine invertebrates and cartilaginous fish have body fluids nearly isotonic to seawater. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 5 | |
Cellular respiration produces water which is one way water enters the body. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
Water is lost from the body through _____. |
| | A) | feces formation |
| | B) | excretion |
| | C) | evaporation |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 7 | |
When there are differences in osmolarity between two regions, water tends to move in to the region with the lower amount of ions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
The regulation of body fluids is dependent upon the concentration of _____. |
| | A) | potassium ions |
| | B) | bicarbonate ions |
| | C) | chlorine ions |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 9 | |
The body fluids of _____ are hypertonic to their environment, and they are prone to passively gain water. |
| | A) | freshwater bony fish |
| | B) | marine bony fish |
| | C) | sharks |
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| 10 | |
Some fish move between freshwater and marine water environments during their life cycles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 11 | |
A nasal salt gland allows _____ that live near the sea to excrete large volumes of concentrated salt solution. |
| | A) | reptiles |
| | B) | birds |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 12 | |
The kangaroo rat is so well adapted to conserving water it can survive using only metabolic water produced during cellular respiration. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 13 | |
Which of these is a metabolic waste? |
| | A) | carbon dioxide |
| | B) | nitrogenous waste |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 14 | |
Water is not needed to excrete ammonia. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 15 | |
Amino groups may be excreted as _____. |
| | A) | ammonia |
| | B) | urea |
| | C) | uric acid |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 16 | |
A fairly constant amount of energy is required for the conversion of amino groups to ammonia, urea, or uric acid. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following requires the greatest amount of energy to produce? |
| | A) | ammonia |
| | B) | urea |
| | C) | uric acid |
| | D) | amino groups |
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| 18 | |
Amino groups are formed by the hydrolysis of _____. |
| | A) | carbohydrates |
| | B) | proteins |
| | C) | nucleic acids |
| | D) | lipids |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following conserves the most water? |
| | A) | ammonia |
| | B) | urea |
| | C) | uric acid |
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| 20 | |
Urea is produced by the _____. |
| | A) | kidneys |
| | B) | liver |
| | C) | spleen |
| | D) | large intestine |
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| 21 | |
Ammonia can be used as a nitrogenous excretory product only if a good deal of water is available to wash it away from the body. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 22 | |
Which of the following is the least toxic nitrogenous waste? |
| | A) | ammonia |
| | B) | urea |
| | C) | uric acid |
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| 23 | |
Organisms that produce embryos that develop in shelled eggs tend to produce ammonia as their primary nitrogenous waste. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 24 | |
Terrestrial amphibians and mammals generally produce _____ as their main nitrogenous waste. |
| | A) | ammonia |
| | B) | urea |
| | C) | uric acid |
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| 25 | |
The addition of a hydrogen ion to an amino group easily forms _____. |
| | A) | ammonia |
| | B) | urea |
| | C) | uric acid |
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| 26 | |
The most toxic nitrogenous waste produced by some animals is _____. |
| | A) | ammonia |
| | B) | urea |
| | C) | uric acid |
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| 27 | |
Which of the following routinely produces ammonia as its primary nitrogenous waste? |
| | A) | cats. |
| | B) | bony fish |
| | C) | birds |
| | D) | insects |
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| 28 | |
Some amino acids not used for synthesis by the body are oxidized to generate energy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 29 | |
Which of the following conserves water by producing uric acid as their primary nitrogenous waste? |
| | A) | birds |
| | B) | amphibians |
| | C) | humans |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 30 | |
Nephridia are observed in _____. |
| | A) | planaria |
| | B) | insects |
| | C) | fish |
| | D) | earthworms |
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| 31 | |
Malpighian tubules are attached to the _____. |
| | A) | bladder |
| | B) | gut |
| | C) | body wall |
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| 32 | |
The flame cell system functions in _____. |
| | A) | excreting wastes |
| | B) | osmotic regulation |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 33 | |
Nearly every segment in an earthworm has a pair of excretory structures called nephridia. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 34 | |
Uric acid leaves the body of insects at the spiracles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 35 | |
The excretory organs in planaria are called _____. |
| | A) | nephridia |
| | B) | flame cells |
| | C) | malpighian tubules |
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| 36 | |
Insects that live in dry environments excrete a dry semisolid mass of _____. |
| | A) | uric acid |
| | B) | urea |
| | C) | ammonia |
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| 37 | |
Urine is produced by the _____. |
| | A) | kidneys |
| | B) | liver |
| | C) | spleen |
| | D) | bladder |
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| 38 | |
The ureter carries urine to the urinary bladder. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 39 | |
In males, the urethra transports _____. |
| | A) | urine |
| | B) | sperm |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 40 | |
In a normal human, there are two _____. |
| | A) | kidneys |
| | B) | urethras |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 41 | |
In females, the urinary system is connected to the _____. |
| | A) | reproductive system |
| | B) | immune system |
| | C) | digestive system |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 42 | |
The _____ transports blood with nitrogenous waste to the kidneys for filtration. |
| | A) | renal artery |
| | B) | renal vein |
| | C) | pulmonary artery |
| | D) | pulmonary vein |
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| 43 | |
Urine is temporarily stored in the _____ until it is voided. |
| | A) | gallbladder |
| | B) | renal pelvis |
| | C) | urinary bladder |
| | D) | ureters |
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| 44 | |
In females, the urethra opens ventral to the vaginal opening. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 45 | |
The microscopic portion of the kidney is the renal _____. |
| | A) | cortex |
| | B) | pelvis |
| | C) | medulla |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 46 | |
Nephrons are located in the renal _____. |
| | A) | pelvis |
| | B) | cortex |
| | C) | medulla |
| | D) | both B and C |
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| 47 | |
The kidneys are composed of approximately one million microscopic _____. |
| | A) | flame cells |
| | B) | nephrons |
| | C) | malpighian tubules |
| | D) | nephridia |
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| 48 | |
Urine travels in collecting ducts to the _____. |
| | A) | urinary bladder |
| | B) | urethra |
| | C) | renal pelvis |
| | D) | gallbladder |
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| 49 | |
Urine formation requires _____. |
| | A) | pressure filtration |
| | B) | reabsorption |
| | C) | tubular secretion |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 50 | |
ADH is associated with _____. |
| | A) | glucose balance |
| | B) | water balance |
| | C) | protein balance |
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| 51 | |
Several _____ convoluted tubules enter one collecting duct. |
| | A) | proximal |
| | B) | distal |
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| 52 | |
The glomerulus forms from the division of an _____ arteriole. |
| | A) | afferent |
| | B) | efferent |
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| 53 | |
An efferent arteriole branches into a second capillary bed called the _____. |
| | A) | peritubular capillaries |
| | B) | glomerulus |
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| 54 | |
The _____ is closest to the glomerulus. |
| | A) | loop of the nephron |
| | B) | proximal convoluted tubule |
| | C) | distal convoluted tubule |
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| 55 | |
Peritubular capillaries join to form venule that join to form veins leading to the _____. |
| | A) | hepatic portal vein |
| | B) | superior vena cava |
| | C) | aorta |
| | D) | renal vein |
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| 56 | |
Which of the following is not filtered out of the blood during glomerular filtration? |
| | A) | red blood cells. |
| | B) | glucose |
| | C) | water |
| | D) | urea |
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| 57 | |
Molecules are filtered from the blood during glomerular filtration based on their _____. |
| | A) | color |
| | B) | size |
| | C) | shape |
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| 58 | |
Tubular reabsorption occurs at the _____. |
| | A) | glomerular capsule |
| | B) | proximal convoluted tubule |
| | C) | collecting duct |
| | D) | distal convoluted tubule |
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| 59 | |
With untreated diabetes mellitus, there is an abnormally large amount of _____ in the filtrate. |
| | A) | urea |
| | B) | sodium |
| | C) | glucose |
| | D) | hemoglobin |
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| 60 | |
During tubular reabsorption, _____ is returned to the blood. |
| | A) | glucose |
| | B) | water |
| | C) | urea |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 61 | |
If there is more glucose in the filtrate than there are carrier molecules with which to absorb it, the glucose will appear in the urine. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 62 | |
Which of the following remains in the blood as it flows into the efferent arteriole? |
| | A) | blood proteins |
| | B) | blood cells |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 63 | |
Put the steps of urine formation in the correct order.
1. Tubular secretion
2. Glomerular filtration
3. Tubular reabsorption |
| | A) | 1, 2, 3 |
| | B) | 2, 3, 1 |
| | C) | 2, 1, 3 |
| | D) | 3, 2, 1 |
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| 64 | |
The glomerular filtrate has the same composition as tissue fluid. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 65 | |
The distal convoluted tubule is where _____ takes place. |
| | A) | filtration |
| | B) | reabsorption |
| | C) | secretion |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 66 | |
Tubular secretion helps rid the body of harmful compounds that were not filtered into the glomerulus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 67 | |
Which of the following is transported into the tubule during tubular secretion? |
| | A) | ammonia |
| | B) | hydrogen ions |
| | C) | penicillin |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 68 | |
The kidneys regulate the water balance of the blood which means they help maintain _____. |
| | A) | blood pressure |
| | B) | blood volume |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 69 | |
Anti-diuretic hormone _____. |
| | A) | is produced by the kidneys |
| | B) | decreases blood pressure |
| | C) | causes less urine to form |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 70 | |
The entire loop of the nephron is permeable to water. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 71 | |
Blood volume and blood pressure are decreased by _____. |
| | A) | aldosterone |
| | B) | atrial natriuretic hormone |
| | C) | anti-diuretic hormone |
| | D) | both A and C |
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| 72 | |
Atrial natriuretic hormone _____. |
| | A) | is produced by the heart |
| | B) | is released when blood pressure is high |
| | C) | promoted the excretion of Na+ |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 73 | |
Energy must be expended to reabsorb waer, salts and nutrients in the filtrate. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 74 | |
An animal's kidney is selective about what small molecules are returned to the blood rather than what small molecules leave the blood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 75 | |
Blood pH is maintained by the _____. |
| | A) | kidneys |
| | B) | respiratory system |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 76 | |
If the blood is acidic, hydrogen ions are retained and bicarbonate ions are excreted. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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