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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
Enzymes associated with the _____ of the sperm help the sperm penetrate the egg.
A)head
B)tail
C)midpiece
2
The egg plasma membrane and zona pellucida undergo changes after fusion of the sperm nucleus and the egg nucleus that prevents the entrance of any other sperm.
A)True
B)False
3
During cleavage, the number of embryonic cells increases, but the overall size of the embryo does not.
A)True
B)False
4
Gastrulation is complete when _____.
A)the blastocoel develops
B)three layers of cells are present
C)the egg nucleus fuses with the sperm nucleus
D)the ectoderm and endoderm are present
5
The _____ is the outer germ layer.
A)ectoderm
B)endoderm
C)mesoderm
6
Which of the choices is the correct order of embryonic stages?
1. blastula
2. zygote
3. morula
4. gastrula
A)3, 2, 1, 4
B)2, 4, 3, 1
C)2, 3, 1, 4
D)3, 2, 4, 1
7
The amount of yolk present does not affect development.
A)True
B)False
8
The egg of a _____ contains a lot of yolk.
A)human
B)frog
C)chick
D)lancelet
9
In the frog and the chick, the coelomic cavity is formed from a split in the _____.
A)ectoderm
B)mesoderm
C)endoderm
10
The notochord is replaced by the vertebral column in humans.
A)True
B)False
11
The notochord persists in _____.
A)lancelets
B)frogs
C)chicks
D)all of the above
12
Cleavage in a _____ results in cells spread out on a portion of the yolk rather than a ball of cells.
A)human
B)lancelet
C)chick
D)frog
13
No matter how gastrulation takes place, three germs are formed.
A)True
B)False
14
The _____ is a cavity in the blastula.
A)blastocoel
B)coelom
C)hemocoel
D)archenteron
15
The space created by invagination into the blastocoel forms the primitive gut.
A)True
B)False
16
Since lancelets are deuterostomes, the blastopore becomes the _____.
A)mouth
B)anus
17
In the frog, the developing coelom is completely lined with _____.
A)endoderm
B)ectoderm
C)mesoderm
18
The stage of development characterized by a hollow ball of cells is the _____ stage.
A)gastrula
B)morula
C)zygote
D)blastula
19
In the chick, the presence of so much yolk prevents endoderm formation by invagination.
A)True
B)False
20
The notochord develops from mesoderm.
A)True
B)False
21
In vertebrates, the somites produce the _____.
A)vertebral bones
B)segmental muscles
C)both A and B
22
Which of the following adult vertebrate structures developed from the mesoderm?
A)skeleton
B)cardiovascular system
C)dermis of the skin
D)all of the above
23
The adult vertebrate's nervous system arose from the _____.
A)ectoderm
B)mesoderm
C)endoderm
24
Which does an egg have?
A)plasma membrane.
B)zona pellucida.
C)jelly coat
D)all of the above
25
A _____ notochord develops in the lancelet, frog, chick and human.
A)dorsal
B)ventral
26
Cell movement is one of the earliest indicators of _____.
A)gastrulation
B)fertilization
C)morphogenesis
D)cell differentiation
27
All cells have the ability to produce hemoglobin.
A)True
B)False
28
Development requires _____.
A)cellular differentiation
B)growth
C)morphogenesis
D)all of the above
29
Cellular differentiation occurs when _____.
A)cells become specialized in structure and function
B)genes are parceled out to different cells
C)both A and B
30
Cytoplasmic substances initially influence which genes are activated and how cells differentiate
A)True
B)False
31
Cytoplasmic segregation is the parceling out of the _____ determinants which determine how the various cells of the morula will develop.
A)maternal
B)paternal
32
If the frog's gray crescent is equally divided by the first cleavage, then each daughter cell is capable of becoming a complete embryo.
A)True
B)False
33
Differential gene expression is dependent on _____.
A)induction
B)cytoplasmic segregation
C)both A and B
34
The ability of one embryonic tissue to influence the development of another tissue is called _____.
A)morphogenesis
B)gastrulation
C)induction
D)differentiation
35
When presumptive notochord tissue was cut out and transplanted beneath what would be belly ectoderm, the ectoderm developed into neural tissue.
A)True
B)False
36
Which of the following has been used as a model organism in the study of developmental biology?
A)Drosophila melanogaster.
B)Mus musculus.
C)Caenorhabditis elegans.
D)all of the above.
37
When a receptor protein binds a cell-death signal, _____.
A)the master ced protein is inactivated
B)apoptosis occurs
C)proteases and nucleases that slice up proteins and DNA in the cell are produced
D)all of the above
38
If apoptosis does not occur during human development, a child is born with webbing between the fingers and toes.
A)True
B)False
39
An inducer produced by a neighboring cell activates genes for vulva development in C. elegans.
A)True
B)False
40
Fate maps of C. elegans illustrate the location of genes for inducer proteins.
A)True
B)False
41
The Hox genes
A)are located on a single chromosome in humans and mice
B)greatly vary from species to species
C)are expressed from anterior to posterior in the same order in humans, mice and Drosophila.
D)all of the above
42
A homeotic mutation can result in misplaced antennae, legs or wings.
A)True
B)False
43
One of the first events in the successful development of Drosophila is the establishment of its _____.
A)segments
B)body axes
44
The organization of differentiated cells into specific three-dimensional structures is controlled by _____.
A)morphogens
B)bicoid genes
C)homeotic genes
45
A homeobox _____.
A)contains the same particular sequence of nucleotides
B)codes for a sequence of amino acids called a homeodomain
C)code for factors that regulate the transcription of other genes
D)all of the above
46
In humans, embryonic development _____.
A)consists of early formation of the major organs
B)occurs between months 3-9 of gestation
C)both A and B
47
The extraembryonic membranes _____.
A)remove waste
B)provide oxygen
C)protect the embryo
D)all of the above
48
Which is an extraembryonic membrane found in a chick?
A)the amnion.
B)the chorion.
C)the allantois
D)all of the above
49
All chordate animals develop in water.
A)True
B)False
50
In humans, the yolk sac lacks yolk.
A)True
B)False
51
The extraembryonic membrane that contains fluid which cushions and protects the embryo is the _____.
A)chorion
B)allantois
C)amnion
D)yolk sac
52
The _____ collects the uric acid produced by a developing chick.
A)chorion
B)allantois
C)amnion
D)yolk sac
53
The fetal half of the placenta is formed from the _____.
A)chorion
B)allantois
C)amnion
D)yolk sac
54
Fertilization occurs in the _____.
A)oviduct
B)uterus
C)vagina
D)ovarian follicle
55
Cleavage does not begin until the fertilized egg gets to the uterus.
A)True
B)False
56
The morula and zygote are about the same size even though the morula is composed of many cells.
A)True
B)False
57
The trophoblast gives rise to the _____.
A)embryo
B)chorion
58
The umbilical cord connects the embryonic circulatory system to the maternal circulatory system.
A)True
B)False
59
The trophoblast produces _____ which maintains the corpus luteum and prevents menstruation.
A)estrogen
B)inhibin
C)follicle stimulating hormone
D)human chorionic gonadotropin
60
During the third week of human gestation, the _____ begin its development.
A)heart
B)nervous system
C)both A and B
61
The blood vessels of the _____ become the umbilical blood vessels.
A)chorion
B)allantois
C)amnion
D)yolk sac
62
The fetal heartbeat can first be heard after _____.
A)two weeks
B)16 weeks
C)six months
63
By weeks 6-8, the nervous system is developed well enough to permit reflex actions like a startle response to touch.
A)True
B)False
64
The developing eyes, ears and nose can be distinguished as early as the _____ week of gestation.
A)second
B)fifth
C)twelfth
D)twentieth
65
The _____ develop from the limb buds.
A)legs
B)arms
C)both A and B
66
In humans, the _____ become(s) the thymus gland and parathyroids.
A)notochord
B)umbilical cord
C)pharyngeal arches
D)limb buds
67
The bones of the embryonic tail become the _____.
A)phalanges
B)pelvic bones
C)ribs
D)coccyx
68
Only in fish and amphibian larvae do the pharyngeal arches become gills.
A)True
B)False
69
The placenta produces _____.
A)progesterone
B)estrogen
C)both A and B
70
Placental estrogen and progesterone _____.
A)maintain the endometrium in lieu of the corpus luteum
B)inhibit FSH and LH
C)prevent menstruation
D)all of the above
71
The umbilical cord transports fetal blood to and from the placenta.
A)True
B)False
72
Projections of the fetal portion of the placenta into the maternal tissues are called _____.
A)chorionic villi
B)placental alveoli
C)ciliated epithelium
D)chorionic sphincters
73
The exchange of molecules between fetal and maternal blood takes place across the walls of the chorionic villi.
A)True
B)False
74
The process of birth has _____ stage(s).
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
75
The baby is delivered during stage _____ of parturition.
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
76
Prior to the third month of gestation it is not possible to visually identify the fetus as a girl or a boy.
A)True
B)False
77
The last major organ(s) to develop completely is/are the _____.
A)lungs
B)liver
C)kidneys
D)heart
78
Fetal development (months 3-9) is marked by _____.
A)refinement of organ systems
B)an extreme increase in size
C)both A and B
79
Uterine contractions which expel the fetus are initiated by _____.
A)prostaglandins
B)oxytocin
C)androgens
D)all of the above







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