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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
If a slice of a pie is used as an analogy for an ecosystem then _____ could be an analogy for the biosphere.
A)the pie crust
B)the plate on which the pie is served
C)the whole pie
D)the pie filling
2
All the silver maples in a given area make up a(n) _____.
A)population
B)community
C)ecosystem
D)biosphere
3
Silver maples, red oaks, red wolves, deer, robins, bluejays, a fresh water stream, river otters, black rat snakes, various soil bacteria and fungi, loamy soil, and lots of rain in the spring could describe a(n) _____.
A)population
B)community
C)ecosystem
D)biosphere
4
A population consists of all the organisms within an area belonging to the same species.
A)True
B)False
5
Ecology is the study of _____.
A)animal structures and functions of those structures
B)how organisms adapt to a changing environment
C)the interactions between organisms and the physical environment
D)how living things are organized and classified
6
Modern ecology seeks to _____.
A)describe the interactions between organisms and the physical environment
B)develop models that explain and predict the distribution and abundance of organisms
C)analyze levels of organization and develop models and hypotheses that can be tested
D)all of the above
7
Which of the following is a possible application of ecological principles?
A)the reintroduction of wolves into Yellowstone National Park to control elk numbers
B)genetically engineering bacteria to produce human insulin
C)using the fermentation process of yeast to make beer
D)none of the above
8
The number of organisms per unit area or volume is the _____.
A)population density
B)population distribution
9
Basing ecological models solely on population density can be misleading.
A)True
B)False
10
Most populations are distributed _____.
A)uniformly
B)randomly
C)in clumps
11
The territoriality of birds causes _____ distribution of the organisms.
A)random
B)clumped
C)uniform
12
Only abiotic factors can be limiting factors.
A)True
B)False
13
When ecologists study the abiotic components of the environment they are studying _____.
A)all organisms
B)all predators
C)soil, water, and weather
D)all organisms, soil, water, and weather
14
Angiosperms which produce fruits that increase the dispersal of seeds would be expected to show the same pattern of distribution that the cedar trees do.
A)True
B)False
15
All the various species interacting in a location make up a(n) _____.
A)population
B)community
C)ecosystem
D)biosphere
16
Ecology and _____ are closely intertwined because ecological interactions act as selective agents.
A)bioengineering
B)taxonomy
C)evolution
D)pathology
17
The distribution of the population in the United States would be best described as _____.
A)random
B)uniform
C)clumped
18
To determine the intrinsic rate of natural increase it is necessary to consider _____.
A)the rate of immigration
B)the birth rate
C)the death rate
D)both B and C
19
Populations increase in size when _____.
A)the birth rate exceeds the death rate
B)emigration exceeds immigration
C)mortality exceeds natality
20
If a group of organisms numbers 200 and over the course of a year 18 births and 6 deaths occur, then the intrinsic rate of natural increase for this group of organisms is _____.
A)0.03
B)0.06
C)0.09
D)0.12
21
When members of a population experience many reproductive events throughout their lifetime the population has a _____ pattern of growth.
A)discrete
B)continuous
22
Which of the following is an example of a species that would experience a discrete pattern of population growth?
A)maple trees
B)deer
C)butterflies
D)humans
23
Organisms that have only a single reproductive event in their lifetime _____.
A)produce offspring that survive dryness and/or cold
B)expend all their energy in reproduction and then die
C)are members of populations that have discrete patterns of growth
D)all of the above
24
A population will experience its biotic potential when _____.
A)resources are limited
B)there is plenty of room for each member of the population
C)the members harbor a parasite
D)all of the above
25
A population can continue to grow exponentially forever.
A)True
B)False
26
Growth is slow during the lag phase because the population is small.
A)True
B)False
27
Populations are prevented from reaching their biotic potential by _____.
A)a limited supply of food
B)an accumulation of waste products
C)predation
D)all of the above
28
Only logistic growth curves have a lag phase.
A)True
B)False
29
An S shaped curve is characteristic of a _____ growth curve.
A)logistic
B)exponential
30
During the stable equilibrium phase of a logistic growth curve _____.
A)growth is slow
B)growth is accelerating
C)there is little if any growth
31
The maximum number of individuals of a given species that can be supported by a given area on a sustained basis is known as _____.
A)biotic potential
B)carrying capacity
C)exponential growth
D)environmental resistance
32
Non-native species like kudzu, zebra mussels, and nutria experience _____ outside their native area due to a lack of natural predators and their ability to compete more successfully than native species for resources.
A)environmental resistance
B)extinction
C)resource partitioning
D)exponential growth
33
An environment is capable of sustaining a population of limited size.
A)True
B)False
34
A limiting factor like _____ may prevent a population from thriving in a particular habitat.
A)temperature
B)food supply
C)altitude
D)all of the above
35
The biotic potential of a population is displayed during the _____ phase of a logistic growth curve.
A)lag
B)exponential growth
C)deceleration
D)stable equilibrium
36
The deceleration and stable equilibrium phases of a logistic growth curve are the result of _____.
A)biotic potential
B)environmental resistance
37
Once a population reaches its carrying capacity its size remains stable.
A)True
B)False
38
A population in which most of the organisms survive well past the midpoint and die near the very end of the life span have a _____ survivorship curve.
A)Type I
B)Type II
C)Type III
39
Most of the members of a population with a Type III survivorship curve contribute offspring to the next generation.
A)True
B)False
40
Which of the following populations would have a Type III survivorship curve typical of populations in which most individuals die very young?
A)elephants
B)wolves
C)horses
D)sea turtles
41
A urn-shaped age structure diagram is characteristic of a population in which the _____ group of organisms is the largest.
A)prereproductive
B)reproductive
C)postreproductive
42
The type-II survivorship curve results when organisms die at a constant rate through time.
A)True
B)False
43
If the birthrate is high and population is undergoing exponential growth the age structure diagram is bell-shaped.
A)True
B)False
44
The carrying capacity of a population corresponds to the _____ phase of the logistic growth curve.
A)lag
B)exponential growth
C)deceleration
D)stable equilibrium
45
Which of the following will limit a population's growth?
A)parasitism
B)plenty of room for each organism
C)unlimited resources
D)none of the above
46
The ability of many populations to reproduce far exceeds the number necessary to replace the organisms that die.
A)True
B)False
47
Humans, especially those in more-developed countries, would have a _____ survivorship curve.
A)Type I
B)Type II
C)Type III
48
If the death rate exceeds the birth rate the _____ will become smaller than the reproductive group.
A)prereproductive
B)postreproductive
49
When the _____ group is the largest of the three groups the birthrate is higher than the death rate.
A)prereproductive
B)reproductive
C)postreproductive
50
All natural populations perfectly fit one of the three survivorship curves.
A)True
B)False
51
The fact that predation increases as population size of prey increases is a(n) ______ factor.
A)density-dependent
B)density-independent
C)abiotic
D)both A and C
52
Which of the following is an intrinsic factor that affects population size and growth rate?
A)availability of food
B)weather conditions
C)the presence of parasites
D)territoriality
53
An accidental fire or drought are examples of _____ factors that affect population size and growth rate.
A)extrinsic
B)density independent
C)abiotic
D)all of the above
54
A population crash can occur after exponential growth causes population size to exceed the carrying capacity of the environment.
A)True
B)False
55
Predation decreases when the prey population gets denser faster.
A)True
B)False
56
Population size and growth rates can be influenced by intrinsic factors such as _____.
A)dominance hierarchies
B)emigration
C)territoriality
D)all of the above
57
Which of the following is a density-dependent factor that regulates population size?
A)competition
B)drought
C)accidental fire
D)earthquake
58
Species which grow exponentially for several seasons undergo a sharp decline when resources are depleted.
A)True
B)False
59
An example of a K-strategist is a _____.
A)fern
B)cod
C)bear
D)all of the above
60
Although angiosperms produce lots of offspring they are considered _____ because the seeds protect and nourish the next sporophyte generation.
A)K-strategist
B)r-strategist
61
Which of the following correctly describes an r-strategist?
A)long life span
B)slow to mature
C)little or no care of offspring
D)large individuals
62
Opportunistic species _____.
A)are exemplified by many insects and annual plants
B)produce many offspring
C)display low population densities
D)all of the above
63
K-strategists _____.
A)provide little or no care for their offspring
B)require large ranges
C)easily colonize new habitats
D)adapt easily when their normal way of life is destroyed
64
In which countries are populations expanding the most rapidly?
A)less-developed countries
B)more-developed countries
C)both have the same rate of expansion
65
The current world population of humans is _____ billion.
A)one
B)three
C)six
D)nine
66
Some of the more-developed countries are actually decreasing in size.
A)True
B)False
67
Less-developed countries, which are expanding rapidly, would have a(n) _____ age structure diagram.
A)pyramid-shaped
B)bell-shaped
C)urn-shaped
68
The human population has a _____ pattern of growth.
A)logistic
B)exponential
69
If each couple has two children zero population growth will take place immediately.
A)True
B)False
70
Less-developed countries are expanding rapidly because they have more women entering the reproductive years than there are older women leaving them.
A)True
B)False
71
Which of the following will greatly reduced the expected increase in the human population?
A)raising the status of women
B)reducing child mortality
C)wider spacing of births
D)all of the above
72
Environmental impact is measured in terms of _____.
A)population size
B)resource consumption
C)waste production
D)all of the above
73
The human population has a _____ growth curve.
A)J-shaped
B)S-shaped
74
The doubling time of the human population has decreased considerably since the 1800s.
A)True
B)False
75
Less-developed countries consume the majority of the earth's resources and create most of the earth's pollution.
A)True
B)False
76
In which of the following areas would the human population have an urn-shaped age structure diagram?
A)Asia
B)Europe
C)Africa
D)South America







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