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| 1 | |
The biosphere is the part of the _____ that contains living things. |
| | A) | atmosphere |
| | B) | lithosphere |
| | C) | hydrosphere |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 2 | |
Energy _____ an ecosystem. |
| | A) | flows through |
| | B) | cycles within |
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| 3 | |
The atmosphere contains _____ which is needed for photosynthesis. |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | carbon dioxide |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 4 | |
In the upper atmosphere _____ becomes ozone , a substance that protects the earth from UV radiation and makes life on land possible. |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | carbon dioxide |
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| 5 | |
Organisms are classified into trophic levels according to _____. |
| | A) | where they live |
| | B) | the source of their nutrients |
| | C) | how much they weigh |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 6 | |
The oceans help keep the temperature on earth suitable to life. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
Algae are producers in aquatic ecosystems. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
Omnivores feed on _____. |
| | A) | plants |
| | B) | animals |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 9 | |
All autotrophs use energy from the sun to produce sugars and other organic compounds. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following is a producer? |
| | A) | a cow |
| | B) | a mushroom |
| | C) | a beetle |
| | D) | an oak tree |
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| 11 | |
Carnivores are primary consumers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
Organisms that use inorganic nutrients and an outside energy source to produce sugars and other organic nutrients for themselves and other members of the community are _____. |
| | A) | autotrophs |
| | B) | producers |
| | C) | heterotrophs |
| | D) | both A and B |
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| 13 | |
An example of a detritus feeder is _____. |
| | A) | a diatom |
| | B) | a photosynthetic bacterium |
| | C) | an earthworm |
| | D) | an elk |
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| 14 | |
Decomposition is carried out by _____. |
| | A) | fungi |
| | B) | heterotrophic bacteria |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 15 | |
Tertiary consumers feed on _____. |
| | A) | producers |
| | B) | primary consumers |
| | C) | secondary consumers |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 16 | |
Inorganic nutrients are released from dead organic matter and animal wastes by _____. |
| | A) | decomposers |
| | B) | secondary consumers |
| | C) | producers |
| | D) | autotrophs |
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| 17 | |
Bacteria that obtain energy for organic compound synthesis from oxidizing inorganic compounds such as ammonia, nitrites, and sulfides are _____. |
| | A) | photoautotrophs |
| | B) | chemoautotrophs |
| | C) | heterotrophs |
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| 18 | |
An omnivore is a primary consumer if it eats blackberries but it is a secondary consumer if it eats a rabbit. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
Consumers are _____. |
| | A) | heterotrophs |
| | B) | autotrophs |
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| 20 | |
Nutrients _____ through an ecosystem |
| | A) | flow |
| | B) | cycle |
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| 21 | |
Energy flow begins when consumers absorb solar energy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 22 | |
The loss of energy as heat as energy is transformed from one form to another means ecosystems require a continual supply of solar energy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 23 | |
All of the energy captured and stored in organic molecules by the producers is passed on to the consumers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 24 | |
Energy flows through an ecosystem because each time it is transformed from one form to another some is lost as heat. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 25 | |
Solar energy is first transformed by _____ when it enters an ecosystem. |
| | A) | producers |
| | B) | primary consumers |
| | C) | secondary consumers |
| | D) | detritivores |
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| 26 | |
As nutrients cycle through an ecosystem inorganic nutrients are returned to autotrophs by _____. |
| | A) | producers |
| | B) | primary consumers |
| | C) | top predators |
| | D) | detritivores |
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| 27 | |
Where is energy the highest in this food chain: Acorns ---> squirrels ---> fox ----> bacteria |
| | A) | acorns |
| | B) | squirrels |
| | C) | fox |
| | D) | bacteria |
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| 28 | |
In the food chain: acorns ---> squirrels ---> fox ----> bacteria, the fox is a _____. |
| | A) | producer |
| | B) | primary consumer |
| | C) | secondary consumer |
| | D) | detritivore |
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| 29 | |
Inorganic nutrients enter ecosystems by _____. |
| | A) | way of global cycles |
| | B) | rainfall and wind |
| | C) | immigration and emigration of animals |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 30 | |
Ecosystems are self-contained and nutrients only cycle within an ecosystem. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
The precise trophic relationships between specific populations of organisms is illustrated by a(n) _____. |
| | A) | food web |
| | B) | ecological pyramid |
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| 32 | |
The trophic structure of an ecosystem can be represented as a pyramid of _____. |
| | A) | numbers |
| | B) | biomass |
| | C) | energy |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 33 | |
An example of an omnivore is a _____. |
| | A) | rabbit |
| | B) | chipmunk |
| | C) | beech tree |
| | D) | snake |
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| 34 | |
In general, the amount of biomass (energy) is reduced by _____ as you move from one pyramid level to the next. |
| | A) | 1% |
| | B) | 10% |
| | C) | 50% |
| | D) | 85% |
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| 35 | |
The primary consumer is equivalent to the _____ trophic level. |
| | A) | first |
| | B) | second |
| | C) | third |
| | D) | fourth |
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| 36 | |
In a balanced ecosystem you would expect the see the biomass of the _____ to be greater than the biomass of any other groups of organisms. |
| | A) | producers |
| | B) | primary consumers |
| | C) | secondary consumers |
| | D) | top predators |
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| 37 | |
An infinite number of carnivores can be supported in a food web. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 38 | |
The detrital and grazing food webs are interconnected by detritivores like earthworms and salamanders which become food for above-ground consumers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 39 | |
A pyramid of numbers can be misleading because it does not account for the size of the organisms. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 40 | |
According to the 10% rule with regard to biomass, if an average of 2000 kg of plant material is consumed by herbivores _____ is converted to primary consumer tissues. |
| | A) | 200 kg |
| | B) | 20 kg |
| | C) | 2 kg |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 41 | |
A grazing food web might begin with _____. |
| | A) | mushrooms |
| | B) | earthworms |
| | C) | sugar maples |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 42 | |
Bacteria and fungi decompose organic material making food available for other detritivores in a _____. |
| | A) | grazing food web |
| | B) | detrital food web |
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| 43 | |
Nitrogen is needed to produce _____. |
| | A) | amino acids |
| | B) | nucleic acids |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 44 | |
For each element the cycling process involves _____. |
| | A) | a reservoir |
| | B) | an exchange pool |
| | C) | a biotic community |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 45 | |
In a _____ cycle the element returns to and is withdrawn from the atmosphere as a gas. |
| | A) | gaseous |
| | B) | sedimentary |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 46 | |
Nutrients can flow between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 47 | |
The source from which organisms generally take chemicals during chemical cycling is known as a(n) ____. |
| | A) | reservoir |
| | B) | exchange pool |
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| 48 | |
Elements can be stored and remain unavailable to organisms in a(n) _____. |
| | A) | reservoir |
| | B) | exchange pool |
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| 49 | |
What is true about the phosphorus cycle? |
| | A) | it enters the atmosphere |
| | B) | weathering of sedimentary rocks makes phosphate available |
| | C) | phosphate is incorporated into organisms' proteins |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 50 | |
Which of the following is known as the sedimentary cycle because its reservoir is sedimentary rock? |
| | A) | carbon cycle |
| | B) | hydrologic cycle |
| | C) | nitrogen cycle |
| | D) | phosphorous cycle |
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| 51 | |
Phosphorous is needed for the production of _____. |
| | A) | ATP |
| | B) | DNA and RNA |
| | C) | phospholipids |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 52 | |
Nutrients from the _____ cycle run off from a terrestrial to an aquatic ecosystem which enriches the aquatic ecosystem. |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | phosphorous |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 53 | |
Plants need bacteria to incorporate __________ into organic compounds. |
| | A) | carbon |
| | B) | nitrogen |
| | C) | oxygen |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 54 | |
The evaporation of water from plants is called ____. |
| | A) | respiration |
| | B) | distillation |
| | C) | transpiration |
| | D) | fermentation |
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| 55 | |
Fresh water is a renewable resource because a new supply is always being produced. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 56 | |
The cycling of water through the hydrologic cycle depends on _____. |
| | A) | transpiration from plants |
| | B) | evaporation from the soil |
| | C) | precipitation to the ocean |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 57 | |
Which of the following is true of the hydrologic cycle? |
| | A) | the supply of groundwater is unchanging |
| | B) | all fresh water eventually returns to the sea |
| | C) | precipitation to the ocean exceeds evaporation from the ocean |
| | D) | fresh water makes up about 75% of the world's supply of water |
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| 58 | |
Most of the fossil fuels were formed during the _____ period. |
| | A) | Jurassic |
| | B) | Precambrian |
| | C) | Carboniferous |
| | D) | Neogene |
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| 59 | |
Which of the following is contributing to an overload of the carbon cycle? |
| | A) | photosynthesis |
| | B) | cellular respiration |
| | C) | deforestation |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 60 | |
The exchange pool in the carbon cycle is _____. |
| | A) | fossil fuels |
| | B) | sedimentary rock |
| | C) | the oceans |
| | D) | the atmosphere |
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| 61 | |
Which of the following gases is contributing to a significant increase in atmospheric temperature? |
| | A) | Helium (He) |
| | B) | Oxygen (O2) |
| | C) | Methane (CH4) |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 62 | |
How are CO2 and other greenhouse gases believed to be causing the temperature of the earth to increase? |
| | A) | they allow more solar radiation to pass through to the earth's surface |
| | B) | they prevent heat energy from leaving the earth |
| | C) | by absorbing sunlight |
| | D) | by reducing photosynthetic rates |
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| 63 | |
Computer models that forecast the effects of global warming predict _____. |
| | A) | sea levels will rise |
| | B) | coastal areas will experience much greater rainfall |
| | C) | agricultural yields will fall as inland area experience more droughts |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 64 | |
The most abundant element in the atmosphere is _____. |
| | A) | carbon |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | hydrogen |
| | D) | nitrogen |
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| 65 | |
The transfer rate of carbon due to photosynthesis, cellular respiration and decay are just about even. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 66 | |
Which of the following nutrients can be a limiting nutrient because of plants' inability to use its gaseous form? |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | phosphorous |
| | C) | hydrogen |
| | D) | carbon |
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| 67 | |
Which of the following statements about ozone is true? |
| | A) | its presence in the upper atmosphere protects the earth from UV radiation |
| | B) | it causes leaf mottling and reduced growth in plants |
| | C) | it is a component of photochemical smog |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 68 | |
The conversion of nitrate to nitrous oxide and nitrogen gas is called _____. |
| | A) | denitrification |
| | B) | nitrification |
| | C) | nitrogen fixation |
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| 69 | |
Phosphorous is often a limiting nutrient in most ecosystems because available phosphorous is generally taken up very quickly. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 70 | |
Use of agricultural fertilizers adds excess _____ to ecosystems. |
| | A) | phosphorous |
| | B) | nitrogen |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 71 | |
Eutrophication _____. |
| | A) | is caused by runoff of nitrogen and phosphorous |
| | B) | causes algal blooms |
| | C) | results in massive fish kills |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 72 | |
Biological magnification occurs more readily in aquatic food chains because there are more links than terrestrial food chains. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 73 | |
The toxic levels of chemicals like DDT in the tuna, that ate some small fish, that ate some zooplankton, that ate some phytoplankton is due to |
| | A) | biological magnification |
| | B) | biotic potential |
| | C) | carrying capacity |
| | D) | environmental resistance |
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| 74 | |
Exposure to increasing amounts of UV radiation which might ultimately lead to an increase in the incidence of skin cancer is a concern associated with |
| | A) | acid rain |
| | B) | ozone depletion |
| | C) | the greenhouse effect |
| | D) | global warming |
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