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| 1 | |
The chapter introduction tells the story of Benjamin Montgomery to make the point that |
| | A) | former slaves who really tried could achieve a measure of prosperity in the postwar South. |
| | B) | Reconstruction clearly hinged on northern rather than southern actions after the war. |
| | C) | Reconstruction was an impossible task, for neither northerners nor southerners wanted African Americans to gain political and economic opportunity. |
| | D) | for former slaves to attain meaningful lives as free citizens, they would need economic power, which in turn required political power. |
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| 2 | |
According to your text, what two issues lay at the heart of Reconstruction? |
| | A) | whether the federal or state government was ultimately sovereign, and whether African Americans or Native Americans were the most oppressed minority group |
| | B) | which party would gain the ascendancy, and how the government could regulate the economy |
| | C) | the future of political and economic power for freed slaves, and the future of North-South economic and political relations |
| | D) | rebuilding the North's shattered economy, and restoring the South's shattered society |
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| 3 | |
Under new president Andrew Johnson, presidential reconstruction |
| | A) | would force a harsher program on the South than Lincoln's 10 percent plan. |
| | B) | adhered substantially to the views of Congressional leaders. |
| | C) | made it possible for former high-ranking Confederates to assume positions of power in the reconstructed southern governments. |
| | D) | was never implemented because Congress passed its own program before Johnson's could go into effect. |
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| 4 | |
Most northerners interpreted the black codes as |
| | A) | evidence that southerners sought to keep freedmen in an economically dependent and legally inferior status. |
| | B) | evidence that southerners, by granting limited rights such as jury duty, were slowly accepting Reconstruction. |
| | C) | a realistic solution by southerners to the problems created by sudden emancipation. |
| | D) | a dangerous experiment by southerners that could lead to social equality for blacks in the North. |
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| 5 | |
The Fourteenth Amendment |
| | A) | was part of Johnson's Reconstruction program. |
| | B) | was rejected twice by the Senate before it finally passed in June 1866. |
| | C) | defined who was a citizen of the United States. |
| | D) | gave the vote to African Americans. |
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| 6 | |
Of the following choices, which state was last to be permanently readmitted to the Union? |
| | A) | Tennessee |
| | B) | Georgia |
| | C) | Mississippi |
| | D) | Texas |
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| 7 | |
Andrew Johnson narrowly avoided conviction on impeachment charges because |
| | A) | of his earlier cooperative attitude toward Congress. |
| | B) | Radical Republicans were beginning to support his policies. |
| | C) | some Republicans feared that removal would set a bad precedent for using impeachment as a political weapon against the presidency. |
| | D) | only a minority of the Senate voted to convict. |
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| 8 | |
Corruption during Reconstruction |
| | A) | was limited primarily to the South. |
| | B) | also occurred in the North, where in New York City the Tweed Ring stole more money than all the Reconstruction governments in the South combined. |
| | C) | was primarily a Republican phenomenon. |
| | D) | was exaggerated for the purposes of radical reform. |
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| 9 | |
One measure of black efforts to strengthen the family unit was |
| | A) | that males would rather work for wages than live the rough life of a sharecropper. |
| | B) | the small homes built by hand in villages separate from the land they farmed. |
| | C) | the insistence that black women not work in the fields. |
| | D) | adoption of a last name. |
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| 10 | |
Sharecropping was NOT |
| | A) | a sign of higher status than being a wage laborer. |
| | B) | a harshly exploitative system in which families often sank into perpetual debt. |
| | C) | a means for black farmers to work on land they leased from whites in return for an equal share of the crop at the end of the year. |
| | D) | the reason why black per capita income dropped 40 percent in freedom. |
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| 11 | |
The Freedmen's Bureau |
| | A) | had as its main purpose to prevent armed clashes between former masters and former slaves. |
| | B) | relied upon Freedmen's Courts to enforce contracts between white planters and black laborers. |
| | C) | was criticized bitterly by the planter class, but consistently praised by the former slaves. |
| | D) | was canceled by Congress over the opposition of Radicals who saw the need for a permanent welfare agency for African Americans. |
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| 12 | |
Causes of the success of "redemption" in the mid-1870s include all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | Northern weariness and disillusion with Reconstruction. |
| | B) | the distraction of economic boom times. |
| | C) | southern Democratic efforts to win back white votes. |
| | D) | terror and violence to prevent blacks from voting. |
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| 13 | |
The Mississippi Plan |
| | A) | was designed to break the power of the Ku Klux Klan. |
| | B) | was a Democratic plan to use as much violence as necessary to carry the 1875 state elections. |
| | C) | was opposed by troops President Grant sent to the state. |
| | D) | prevented few Republicans from voting. |
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| 14 | |
Disputes over the election of 1876 were resolved by the Compromise of 1877, in which |
| | A) | Rutherford B. Hayes became president because Republicans agreed to withdraw troops from southern states. |
| | B) | Samuel Tilden, the Democrat, became president because he received a majority of the popular vote. |
| | C) | the election results were sent to the Supreme Court for adjudication. |
| | D) | Democrats gained the presidency in exchange for granting Republicans control of most state governments in the South. |
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| 15 | |
Reconstruction should be understood in all of the following ways EXCEPT |
| | A) | as a radical, vengeful program, imposing northern values on southerners. |
| | B) | as a program of political and economic adjustment that failed because of racism. |
| | C) | as a time of failure to bring blacks into the American mainstream. |
| | D) | as a time of Congressional dominance that ended in corruption and disillusionment. |
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