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| 1 | |
The chapter introduction tells the story of the journeys of Robert Ferguson and T. S. Hudson to make the point that |
| | A) | Americans created huge transportation and industrial systems between the 1860s and 1880s. |
| | B) | the railroad was America's first big business. |
| | C) | travel in the United States was difficult and crude by twentieth-century standards, but Americans loved to travel anyway. |
| | D) | few foreigners toured the United States before 1900. |
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| 2 | |
Thomas Edison |
| | A) | relied solely on inspiration to supply his sporadic but impressive series of inventions in the late 1800s. |
| | B) | took George Eastman's invention, the electric light bulb, and developed it into a unified electric power system. |
| | C) | developed an "invention factory" in Menlo Park, New Jersey in order to guarantee a steady and profitable stream of new inventions. |
| | D) | started his career as an independent inventor. |
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| 3 | |
Changes in each of the following fields played a significant role in the development of a national industrial network, EXCEPT |
| | A) | banking. |
| | B) | medicine. |
| | C) | transportation. |
| | D) | communication. |
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| 4 | |
The telephone |
| | A) | took several years after its invention to become a popular item. |
| | B) | was immediately used in a perfectly natural fashion by most Americans. |
| | C) | acted as a great social leveler. |
| | D) | All these answers are correct. |
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| 5 | |
Industries relied on each of the following as primary sources of labor EXCEPT |
| | A) | Indians. |
| | B) | migrant European workers. |
| | C) | immigrant chains. |
| | D) | African Americans. |
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| 6 | |
The ________ was an essential system undergirding the rise of big business; it was itself big business; and it was a stimulus to other enterprises because it consumed so many natural resources. |
| | A) | railroad system |
| | B) | steel industry |
| | C) | investment banking industry |
| | D) | combination of national, state, and local governments |
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| 7 | |
The railroad companies |
| | A) | could reduce or increase their costs depending on their volume of traffic. |
| | B) | charged fixed rates for shipping in order to avoid competition. |
| | C) | could not build new lines fast enough to keep up with the growing economy. |
| | D) | got into rate wars trying to increase their volume of traffic. |
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| 8 | |
Rockefeller and Carnegie built corporations that systematized industrial processes and illustrated |
| | A) | how new technologies made it possible to use natural resources in new ways and on a grander scale. |
| | B) | how the "robber barons" of that era did not feel any sense of responsibility to the public. |
| | C) | the use of vertical integration, which combined several different stages of production under one company. |
| | D) | how pools solved the problem of competition through horizontal combination. |
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| 9 | |
The chief counsel of Standard Oil created a new business structure called the |
| | A) | pool. |
| | B) | corporation. |
| | C) | merger. |
| | D) | trust. |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following men promoted what was called "social Darwinism"? |
| | A) | Charles Darwin |
| | B) | Herbert Spencer |
| | C) | Henry George |
| | D) | Andrew Carnegie |
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| 11 | |
The wave of corporate mergers after 1893 resulted in all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | the practices of big businesses subjecting the economy to enormous disruptions. |
| | B) | corporations helping to increase national wealth and tie the country together. |
| | C) | the stability that came with big business bringing less extreme cycles of boom and bust. |
| | D) | the efficiency of the new corporations, which created a supply that outpaced the demand of American consumers. |
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| 12 | |
What does the text mean by asserting that certain jobs were "feminized"? |
| | A) | Lower-paying jobs tended to be held by more females than males. |
| | B) | Males tended to no longer pursue certain professional occupations once women entered them in significant numbers. |
| | C) | Enlightened managers in certain industries raised wages in response to women's protests. |
| | D) | Certain dangerous factories adopted new safety measures in response to protests by the wives of their male workers. |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following statements about American workers is NOT true? |
| | A) | Although the "rags to riches" stereotype hardly matched the experience of most workers, opportunity for higher wages and fewer hours was enjoyed by most white males. |
| | B) | Samuel Gompers succeeded as a leader of the AFL because he advocated radical changes in the structure of American capitalism, rather than merely seeking better wages and working conditions. |
| | C) | During the later nineteenth century, labor unions provoked alarm among social and political leaders because of a wave of strikes. |
| | D) | To achieve high productivity, managers tended to treat workers as impersonal cogs in the industrial machinery. |
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| 14 | |
Which statement about the American Federation of Labor is true? |
| | A) | The AFL had little inclination to include women or African Americans in its ranks. |
| | B) | The AFL's approach to labor consolidation paralleled Gustavus Swift's and Andrew Carnegie's primary technique of business consolidation. |
| | C) | The AFL attracted a majority of U.S. skilled workers into its ranks. |
| | D) | The AFL's longtime leader was Eugene V. Debs. |
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| 15 | |
The Molly Maguires were |
| | A) | a group of female labor agitators. |
| | B) | a group of urban Irish factory workers. |
| | C) | a violent band of Irish miners who retaliated against the horrid working conditions in the mines. |
| | D) | absorbed into the AFL. |
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