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| 1 | |
Packetizing at the network layer involves |
| | A) | Encapsulating the payload at the source |
| | B) | Adds a header that contains the source and destination information |
| | C) | Decapsulating the payload at the destination |
| | D) | All of the choices are correct |
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| 2 | |
Routers in the path are not allowed to ___________________________. |
| | A) | fragment the packet they receive |
| | B) | decapsulate the packet |
| | C) | change source or destination address |
| | D) | All of the choices are correct |
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| 3 | |
The network layer in the Internet provides _________________. |
| | A) | comprehensive error and flow control. |
| | B) | limited error control, but no flow control. |
| | C) | comprehensive error control but limited flow control. |
| | D) | All of the choices are correct |
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| 4 | |
In a virtual-circuit approach, the forwarding decision is based on the value of the _____________ field in the packet header. |
| | A) | source address |
| | B) | destination address |
| | C) | label |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 5 | |
In a datagram approach, the forwarding decision is based on the value of the _____________ field in the packet header. |
| | A) | source address |
| | B) | destination address |
| | C) | label |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 6 | |
The performance of a network can be measured in terms of ________. |
| | A) | delay |
| | B) | throughput |
| | C) | packet loss |
| | D) | all of the choices are correct |
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| 7 | |
Transmission delay (time) is the ratio of ______________________. |
| | A) | transmission rate to packet length |
| | B) | transmission rate to distance |
| | C) | packet length to transmission rate |
| | D) | processing time to transmission rate |
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| 8 | |
Propagation delay (time) is the ratio of ______________________. |
| | A) | transmission rate to propagation speed |
| | B) | propagation speed to distance |
| | C) | packet length to propagation speed |
| | D) | distance to propagation speed |
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| 9 | |
When the load in the network reaches the network capacity, the packet delay ___________ and the network throughput reaches ______________. |
| | A) | increases sharply; its minimum |
| | B) | increases sharply; its maximum |
| | C) | decreases sharply; its minimum |
| | D) | decreases sharply; its maximum |
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| 10 | |
In open-loop congestion control, policies are applied ____________________. |
| | A) | to prevent congestion before it happens |
| | B) | to alleviate congestion after it happens |
| | C) | to either prevent congestion before it happens or to alleviate congestion after it happens |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 11 | |
The __________________ technique is one of the open-loop congestion policy |
| | A) | backpressure |
| | B) | choke packet |
| | C) | implicit signaling |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 12 | |
The __________________ technique is one of the close-loop congestion policy |
| | A) | acknowledgment policy |
| | B) | choke packet |
| | C) | discarding policy |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 13 | |
IP is a _________ protocol. |
| | A) | connection-oriented unreliable |
| | B) | connection-oriented reliable |
| | C) | connectionless unreliable |
| | D) | connectionless reliable |
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| 14 | |
An HLEN value of decimal 10 means _______. |
| | A) | there are 10 bytes of options |
| | B) | there are 10 bytes in the header |
| | C) | there are 40 bytes of options |
| | D) | there are 40 bytes in the header |
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| 15 | |
If the fragment offset has a value of 100, it means that _______. |
| | A) | the datagram has not been fragmented |
| | B) | the datagram is 100 bytes in size |
| | C) | the first byte of the datagram is byte 800 |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 16 | |
What is needed to determine the number of the last byte of a fragment? |
| | A) | offset number |
| | B) | total length |
| | C) | both offset number and the total length |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 17 | |
The IP header size is _______ bytes long. |
| | A) | 20 to 60 |
| | B) | 20 |
| | C) | 60 |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 18 | |
Packets in the IP layer are called _________. |
| | A) | segments |
| | B) | datagrams |
| | C) | frames |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 19 | |
The total length field defines the total length of the datagram _________. |
| | A) | including the header |
| | B) | excluding the header |
| | C) | excluding the option length |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 20 | |
When a datagram is encapsulated in a frame, the total size of the datagram must be less than the _______. |
| | A) | MUT |
| | B) | MAT |
| | C) | MTU |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 21 | |
An IPv4 address is normally represented in base ____ in dotted-decimal notation. |
| | A) | 16 |
| | B) | 256 |
| | C) | 10 |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 22 | |
In classful addressing, the IPv4 address space is divided into _______ classes. |
| | A) | 3 |
| | B) | 4 |
| | C) | 5 |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 23 | |
The number of addresses assigned to an organization in classless addressing _______. |
| | A) | can be any number |
| | B) | must be a multiple of 256 |
| | C) | must be a power of 2 |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 24 | |
The first address assigned to an organization in classless addressing _______. |
| | A) | must be evenly divisible by the number of addresses in the organization |
| | B) | must be divisible by 128 |
| | C) | must belong to one of the A, B, or C classes |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 25 | |
In subnetting, the number of addresses in each subnet must _______. |
| | A) | be a power of 2 |
| | B) | be a multiple of 128 |
| | C) | be divisible by 128 |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 26 | |
What is the default prefix length for class A in CIDR notation? |
| | A) | 9 |
| | B) | 8 |
| | C) | 16 |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 27 | |
What is the default prefix length for class B in CIDR notation? |
| | A) | 9 |
| | B) | 8 |
| | C) | 16 |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 28 | |
What is the default prefix length for class C in CIDR notation? |
| | A) | 24 |
| | B) | 8 |
| | C) | 16 |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 29 | |
DHCP is a (an) ___________ layer protocol. |
| | A) | application |
| | B) | transport |
| | C) | network |
| | D) | data-link |
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| 30 | |
In DHCP, the client uses ________ port and the server uses _________ port. |
| | A) | an ephemeral; a well-known |
| | B) | a well-known; a well-known |
| | C) | a well-known; an ephemeral |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 31 | |
DHCP uses the services of _______. |
| | A) | UDP |
| | B) | TCP |
| | C) | IP |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 32 | |
_________ allows a site to use a set of private addresses for internal communication and a set of global Internet addresses for communication with the rest of the world. |
| | A) | DHCP |
| | B) | NAT |
| | C) | IMCP |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 33 | |
The idea of address aggregation was designed to alleviate the increase in routing table entries when using ________ addressing. |
| | A) | classful |
| | B) | classless |
| | C) | classful or classless |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 34 | |
The use of hierarchy in routing tables can ________ the size of the routing tables. |
| | A) | reduce |
| | B) | increase |
| | C) | neither reduce nor increase |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 35 | |
ICMP is a (an) _________ layer protocol. |
| | A) | application-layer protocol that helps TCP/IP at the network layer |
| | B) | transport-layer protocol that helps TCP/IP at the network layer |
| | C) | network-layer protocol. |
| | D) | data-link layer protocol that helps TCP/IP at the network layer |
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| 36 | |
Which of the following is true about ICMP messages? |
| | A) | An ICMP error message may be generated for an ICMP error message. |
| | B) | An ICMP error message may be generated for a fragmented datagram. |
| | C) | An ICMP error message may be generated for a multicast datagram. |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 37 | |
Routing inside an autonomous system is referred to as ________ routing. |
| | A) | interdomain |
| | B) | intradomain |
| | C) | out-of-domain |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 38 | |
Routing between autonomous systems is referred to as ______ routing. |
| | A) | interdomain routing |
| | B) | intradomain routing |
| | C) | out-of-domain |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 39 | |
In _______ routing, the least cost route between any two nodes is the route with the minimum distance. |
| | A) | path vector |
| | B) | distance vector |
| | C) | link state |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 40 | |
In ________, each node maintains a vector (table) of minimum distances to every node. |
| | A) | path vector |
| | B) | distance vector |
| | C) | link state |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 41 | |
In distance vector routing, each node periodically shares its routing table with _________ and whenever there is a change. |
| | A) | every other node |
| | B) | its immediate neighbors |
| | C) | one neighbor |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 42 | |
The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an intradomain routing based on _________ routing. |
| | A) | distance vector |
| | B) | link state |
| | C) | path vector |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 43 | |
The metric used by _______ is the hop count. |
| | A) | OSPF |
| | B) | RIP |
| | C) | BGP |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 44 | |
In RIP, the ________ timer controls the advertising of regular update messages. |
| | A) | garbage collection |
| | B) | expiration |
| | C) | periodic |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 45 | |
In RIP, the ________ timer is used to purge invalid routes from the table. |
| | A) | garbage collection |
| | B) | expiration |
| | C) | periodic |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 46 | |
In RIP, the ________ timer controls the validity of the route. |
| | A) | garbage collection |
| | B) | expiration |
| | C) | periodic |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 47 | |
RIP uses the services of _______. |
| | A) | TCP |
| | B) | UDP |
| | C) | IP |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 48 | |
The _________ routing uses the Dijkstra algorithm to build a routing table. |
| | A) | distance vector |
| | B) | link state |
| | C) | path vector |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 49 | |
The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is an intradomain routing protocol based on _______ routing. |
| | A) | distance vector |
| | B) | link state |
| | C) | path vector |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 50 | |
The _______ protocol allows the administrator to assign a cost, called the metric, to each route. |
| | A) | OSPF |
| | B) | RIP |
| | C) | BGP |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 51 | |
In OSPF, a ________ link connects two routers without any other host or router in between. |
| | A) | point-to-point |
| | B) | transient |
| | C) | stub |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 52 | |
In OSPF, a _______ link is a network with several routers attached to it. |
| | A) | point-to-point |
| | B) | transient |
| | C) | stub |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 53 | |
In OSPF, a ________ link is a network connected to only one router. |
| | A) | point-to-point |
| | B) | transient |
| | C) | stub |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 54 | |
In OSPF, a ________ defines the links of a network. |
| | A) | network link |
| | B) | router link |
| | C) | summary link to network |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 55 | |
___________ is an interdomain routing protocol using path vector routing. |
| | A) | BGP |
| | B) | RIP |
| | C) | OSPF |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 56 | |
A one-to-all communication between one source and all hosts on a network is classified as a _______ communication. |
| | A) | unicast |
| | B) | multicast |
| | C) | broadcast |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 57 | |
A one-to-many communication between one source and a specific group of hosts is classified as a _______ communication. |
| | A) | unicast |
| | B) | multicast |
| | C) | broadcast |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 58 | |
A one-to-one communication between one source and one destination is classified as a _______ communication. |
| | A) | unicast |
| | B) | multicast |
| | C) | broadcast |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 59 | |
In ______, the router forwards the received packet through only one of its interfaces. |
| | A) | unicasting |
| | B) | multicasting |
| | C) | broadcasting |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 60 | |
In multicast routing, each involved router needs to construct a ________ path tree for each group. |
| | A) | average |
| | B) | longest |
| | C) | shortest |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 61 | |
In the _______ tree approach to multicasting, each router needs to create a separate tree for each source-group. |
| | A) | group-shared |
| | B) | source-based |
| | C) | destination-based |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 62 | |
The Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF) routing uses the _______ tree approach. |
| | A) | source-based |
| | B) | group-shared |
| | C) | destination-based |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 63 | |
The Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF) protocol is an extension of the OSPF protocol that uses multicast routing to create source-based trees. The protocol is based on _______ routing. |
| | A) | distance vector |
| | B) | link state |
| | C) | path vector |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 64 | |
In RPF, a router forwards only the copy that has traveled the _______ path from the source to the router. |
| | A) | shortest |
| | B) | longest |
| | C) | average |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 65 | |
RPF eliminates the ________ in the flooding process. |
| | A) | forwarding |
| | B) | backwarding |
| | C) | flooding |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 66 | |
RPB creates a shortest path _______ tree from the source to each destination. |
| | A) | unicast |
| | B) | multicast |
| | C) | broadcast |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 67 | |
RPB guarantees that each destination receives _________ of the packet. |
| | A) | only one copy |
| | B) | no copies |
| | C) | multiple copies |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 68 | |
In ________, the multicast packet must reach only those networks that have active members for that particular group. |
| | A) | RPF |
| | B) | RPB |
| | C) | RPM |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 69 | |
_______ adds pruning and grafting to _______ to create a multicast shortest path tree that supports dynamic membership changes. |
| | A) | RPM; RPB |
| | B) | RPB; RPM |
| | C) | RPF; RPM |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 70 | |
__________ is an implementation of multicast distance vector routing. It is a source-based routing protocol, based on RIP. |
| | A) | MOSPF |
| | B) | DVMRP |
| | C) | CBT |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 71 | |
DVMRP is a ________ routing protocol, based on RIP. |
| | A) | source-based |
| | B) | group-shared |
| | C) | destination-based |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 72 | |
Pruning and grafting are strategies used in _______. |
| | A) | RPF |
| | B) | RPB |
| | C) | RPM |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 73 | |
PIM-DM is used when the number of routers with attached members is ______ relative to the number of routers in the internet. |
| | A) | large |
| | B) | small |
| | C) | moderate |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 74 | |
PIM-SM is used when the number of routers with attached members is ______ relative to the number of routers in the internet. |
| | A) | large |
| | B) | small |
| | C) | moderate |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 75 | |
An IPv6 address is _________ bits long. |
| | A) | 32 |
| | B) | 64 |
| | C) | 128 |
| | D) | 256 |
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| 76 | |
An IPv6 address consists of ________ bytes (octets); |
| | A) | 4 |
| | B) | 8 |
| | C) | 16 |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 77 | |
In hexadecimal colon notation, a 128-bit address is divided into _______ sections, each _____ hexadecimal digits in length. |
| | A) | 8; 2 |
| | B) | 8; 3 |
| | C) | 8; 4 |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 78 | |
An IPv6 address can have up to __________ hexadecimal digits. |
| | A) | 16 |
| | B) | 32 |
| | C) | 8 |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 79 | |
In IPv6, the _______ field in the base header restricts the lifetime of a datagram. |
| | A) | version |
| | B) | priority |
| | C) | hop limit |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 80 | |
The _________ in IPv6 is designed to provide special handling for a particular flow of data. |
| | A) | flow label |
| | B) | next header |
| | C) | hop limit |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 81 | |
When two computers using IPv6 want to communicate but the packet must pass through an IPv4 region, which transition strategy should be used? |
| | A) | tunneling |
| | B) | header translation |
| | C) | either tunneling or header translation |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 82 | |
When the majority of the Internet has moved to the IPv6 but some still use IPv4, which transition strategy should be used? |
| | A) | tunneling |
| | B) | header translation |
| | C) | either tunneling or header translation |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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| 83 | |
The protocols __________________________ in version 4 are combined into one single protocol, ICMPv6. |
| | A) | ARP and IGMP |
| | B) | ICMP and IGMP |
| | C) | ICMP, ARP, and IGMP |
| | D) | None of the choices are correct |
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