Listening Guides

Listening Guide 12.1
"New San Antonio Rose" 4 beats per measure

iTune link = New San Antonio Rose

The real turning point for Bob Wills and western swing was the 1940 recording of "New San Antonio Rose." Wills had written and recorded the tune as an instrumental in 1938, but he added lyrics for this new version. It became a huge national success and brought western swing out of its regional confines. Soon Wills and his band began appearing in movie westerns, adding a cowboy song facet to their repertoire.
    This vocal version is made up of three themes, one more than the original instrumental, arranged ABCA. Since this form departs somewhat from the typical verse/chorus format of popular song, in this analysis, the letters A through C will be used to define the different themes of the song.
    "New San Antonio Rose" presents the instrumentation and music styles that comprise western swing. The introduction features the horns in a typical swing dance band introduction. The horns continue with a smoother fox-trot rendering of the A and B themes. This opening instrumental omits the C theme and, instead, goes back to the swinging rhythms of the introduction to set up the entrance of the vocal.
    Vocalist Tommy Duncan then presents the melody in its entirety. In the A and B themes his vocal line is reinforced by the saxophones in harmony. In the C theme Duncan's vocal melody is doubled by trumpets in close harmony, reminiscent of the trumpet section of a Mexican mariachi band. The last A theme returns to the saxophone background.

Listening Guide 12.2
"Walking the Floor Over You" 2 beats per measure

iTune link = Walking the Floor Over You

The first feature exemplified in this performance is honky tonk country music's distinctive instrumentation and the role of those instruments. There is no drummer; an acoustic guitarist keeps the rhythm. The prominent instrument is the electrically amplified guitar, sharing equal space in the limelight with Ernest Tubb's vocal.
    The subject matter of "Walking the Floor Over You" foreshadows the scandalous and remorseful cheating and drinking songs of future honky tonk artists. Yet this early in the development of honky tonk (1941), the singer's emotional situation is not as graphically depicted. Tubb's vocal presentation is, in fact, rather pleasant and upbeat, regardless of the heartache expressed in the lyric.

Listening Guide 12.3
"Up Against the Wall, Redneck Mother" 4 beats per measure

iTune link = Up Against the Wall, Redneck Mother

Jerry Jeff Walker is one of the royalty of the 1970s Texas outlaw country scene. Walker, however, is actually a native of New York State (born Ronald Clyde Crosby in 1942). His biggest hit song was "Mr. Bojangles," though his own 1968 recording paled in sales to the cover by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band in 1971. (It was also a bit hit for cabaret artist Sammy Davis, Jr.)
        In the early 1970s Walker moved to the Austin, Texas, area and, in 1973, recorded Viva Terlingua in front of a live audience in Luckenbach, Texas, a tiny town immortalized in a Chips Moman and Buddy Emmons song recorded by Waylon Jennings and others. Only a live recording like this can capture the rowdy atmosphere of the style in its time. Walker's Lost Gonzo Band seems to go out of its way to play up the stomping, honky tonk style, twangy steel guitar, and sloppy, drunken vocal style. The song is a wonderful self-parody of the fist-fighting, beer-slinging redneck, conservative enough to beat up hippies but accountable for little else. The song also turns the traditional angelic mother image of country music on its ear, as does the last verse of David Allen Coe's "You Never Even Called Me by My Name."
    The recording opens with the sound of the boisterous crowd and an acoustic rhythm guitar. Walker's vocal enters for the first verse. His sound is folksy and unadorned, almost defiantly careless in its delivery and already capturing the don't-care attitude of the outlaw country style. The electric bass and drums enter with him. After a few seconds, a harmonica begins playing around Walker's vocal. As you will hear throughout this and many country recordings, different instruments in the band take turns in this role. It is also notable that using a harmonica in the band adds to the backwoods, Woody Guthrie–type imagery to the band and its music.
    As the first chorus comes around, the steel guitar gives a prominent lead-in, the instrument unrepentantly pushing out its whining sound so beloved by country music's fans and despised by its detractors. Background singers join Walker for the chorus, not so worried about precise harmony as creating the sound of a freewheeling sing-along in a honky tonk. This type of presentation, and probably this song in particular, must surely have inspired Garth Brooks's "I Got Friends in Low Places" (see Chapter 14).
    In the second verse, honky tonk styled piano competes with the harmonica for the role of playing around Walker's vocal. Making the musical texture busier adds to the progressive intensity of the performance. The second chorus responds in kind with a more excited delivery and the sudden presence of a Hammond organ, a sound borrowed more from rock, gospel, and rhythm and blues than country.
    Next, Walker turns the song over to the band to feature two instrumental solos. The band uses the chord progression of the 16-measure chorus. The electric guitar plays the first half of the chorus (eight measures), and the steel guitar plays the second half. Walker is inspired enough by the steel guitar to yell out some encouragement. For the last measure of this instrumental chorus, the band hits a short chord and remains silent for four beats, putting a big finish on the song to this point and creating anticipation for Walker's reentry with the next verse.
    Walker's last verse is a spoken recitation rather than singing, spelling "M-O-T-H-E-R" and obviously poking fun at an old sentimental song that uses a similar ploy. The background singers sing "ooh" like a church choir, contributing to the false reverence of the verse. The chorus follows, done twice in succession, probably giving the crowd a chance to sing along. The band then plays a "tag," repeating the last portion of the chorus to extend the ending and to signal the end of the performance.