backchannel | An informal channel through which managers can collect important information.
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balanced scorecard (BSC) | A control approach that suggest managers use several different financial and operational metrics to track performance and control an organization.
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bureaucratic control | Control through a formal system of written rules and procedures.
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control | The process through which managers regulate the activities of individuals and units.
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cultural control | Regulating behavior by socializing employees so that they internalize the values and assumptions of an organization and act in a manner that is consistent with them.
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incentives | A factor, monetary or nonmonetary, that motivates individuals to pursue a particular course of action; also, a device used to encourage and reward appropriate employee behavior.
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market controls | Regulating the behavior of individuals and units within an enterprise by setting up an internal market for some valuable resource such as capital.
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output controls | Setting goals for units or individuals to achieve and monitoring performance against those goals.
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peer control | Occurs when employees pressure others within their team or work group to perform up to or in excess of the expectations of the organization.
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performance ambiguity | A situation that occurs when the link between cause and effect is ambiguous.
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personal control | Making sure through personal inspection and direct supervision that individuals and units behave in a way that is consistent with the goals of an organization.
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self-control | Occurs when employees regulate their own behavior so that it is congruent with organizational goals.
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standard | A performance requirement that the organization is meant to attain on an ongoing basis.
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subgoal | An objective that, if achieved, helps an organization attain or exceed its major goals.
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