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| 1 | |
What does anthropology reveal about assumptions such as "people are pretty much the same all over the world"? |
| | A) | that these assumptions only hold true for societies living in industrialized countries |
| | B) | that these assumptions are falsely based on genetic research |
| | C) | that years of comparative, cross-cultural research prove that these assumptions are wrong |
| | D) | that years of comparative, cross-cultural research prove that these assumptions are true |
| | E) | that these assumptions are true only for biology, but not for culture |
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| 2 | |
What is anthropology? |
| | A) | the exploration of human cultural diversity |
| | B) | the exploration of human biological diversity |
| | C) | the humanistic study of human diversity |
| | D) | the exploration of human diversity in time and space |
| | E) | the comparative study of nations |
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| 3 | |
What are cultures? |
| | A) | rules that dictate what is sacred and what is profane |
| | B) | traditions that distinguish urban and nonurban communities |
| | C) | traditions and customs, transmitted through learning, that form and guide the beliefs and behavior of the people that are exposed to them |
| | D) | what people have when they do not have education |
| | E) | processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses |
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| 4 | |
In the Andes of South America, people wake up in villages 16,000 feet above sea level and then trek 15,000 feet higher to work in tin mines. Tribes in the Australian desert worship animals and discuss philosophy. People survive malaria in the Tropics. What do these examples illustrate? |
| | A) | that the environment is the most important factor that explains human diversity |
| | B) | that some cultures are tougher than others |
| | C) | that biology is the most important factor that explains human diversity |
| | D) | anthropology's deep interest in the diversity that comes through both biological and cultural human adaptability |
| | E) | anthropology's deep interest in diversity that results from different altitudes and latitudes |
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| 5 | |
As human history has unfolded, the social and cultural means of adaptation have |
| | A) | become less important since genetics determines everything. |
| | B) | decreased, making anthropology less relevant to studying contemporary societies. |
| | C) | become increasingly outdated. |
| | D) | become increasingly important. |
| | E) | increased in some areas, and not in others, making anthropology more relevant in some societies. |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following is not one of the subdisciplines of anthropology? |
| | A) | cultural anthropology |
| | B) | biological anthropology |
| | C) | developmental anthropology |
| | D) | linguistic anthropology |
| | E) | archaeological anthropology |
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| 7 | |
How have scientists historically approached the study of human biological diversity? Which is the current, more scientifically valid approach? |
| | A) | racial classification and the explanatory approach, the current, more scientifically valid approach |
| | B) | racial classification, based either on genetics or phenotype (both are equally scientifically valid). |
| | C) | the holistic classificatory approach, based on both genetics and phenotype, and the racial classificatory approach (finally possible given sophisticated technology) |
| | D) | the explanatory and the prescriptive approaches (the latter is the more scientifically valid) |
| | E) | the "great races" and the "lower races" approaches (both are equally scientifically valid) |
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| 8 | |
One of the many problems with using phenotype to classify human races is that phenotypical similarities and differences |
| | A) | always have a genetic basis. |
| | B) | only matter if they are visible. |
| | C) | have nothing to do with natural selection. |
| | D) | don't necessarily have a genetic basis. |
| | E) | can only be accurately studied using genetics. |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following is the most likely reason for the dark skin color shared by tropical Africans and southern Indians? |
| | A) | dietary adaptation |
| | B) | malarial resistance |
| | C) | reducing the frequency of rickets |
| | D) | common ancestry |
| | E) | prevention of hypervitaminosis D |
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| 10 | |
Recent research suggests that another key factor explaining the geographic distribution of skin color involves the effects of UV on folate, |
| | A) | an essential nutrient that the human body manufactures from folic acid and that plays a key role in preventing neural tube defects. |
| | B) | an essential nutrient that promotes healthy spermatogenesis and that requires UV for its proper production and absorption in the body. |
| | C) | an essential nutrient that helps prevent rickets. |
| | D) | an essential nutrient that, if produced in excess, causes neural tube defects in human embryos. |
| | E) | an essential nutrient that promotes the production of melanin. |
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| 11 | |
Ethnography |
| | A) | examines, interprets, analyzes, and compares the results of other anthropological studies. |
| | B) | provides an account of a particular community, society, or culture. |
| | C) | reconstructs, describes, and interprets past human behaviors. |
| | D) | refers to the application of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary social problems. |
| | E) | is a systematic field of study or body of knowledge that aims through experiment, observation, and deduction to produce reliable explanations of phenomena. |
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| 12 | |
Ethnology |
| | A) | provides an account of a particular community, society, or culture. |
| | B) | reconstructs, describes, and interprets past human behaviors. |
| | C) | examines, interprets, analyzes, and compares the results of other anthropological studies. |
| | D) | is a systematic field of study or body of knowledge that aims through experiment, observation, and deduction to produce reliable explanations of phenomena. |
| | E) | refers to the application of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary social problems. |
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| 13 | |
The field that investigates the relationships between social and linguistic variation is |
| | A) | medical anthropology. |
| | B) | physical anthropology. |
| | C) | ethnology. |
| | D) | sociolinguistics. |
| | E) | applied anthropology. |
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| 14 | |
Cultural resource management is an example of the application of which subfield of anthropology? |
| | A) | cultural anthropology |
| | B) | biological anthropology |
| | C) | symbolic anthropology |
| | D) | archaeological anthropology |
| | E) | linguistic anthropology |
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