 |
| 1 | |
The tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one's ability to have foreseen how something turned out is known as |
| | A) | illusory correlation. |
| | B) | mundane realism. |
| | C) | hindsight bias. |
| | D) | self-fulfilling prophecy. |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
The "I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon" leads to the conclusion that |
| | A) | psychological experiments lack experimental realism. |
| | B) | social psychology is dangerous. |
| | C) | research findings in social psychology are merely common sense. |
| | D) | psychological experiments lack mundane realism. |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
Social psychology has been criticized for |
| | A) | merely documenting the obvious. |
| | B) | being dangerous since its findings could be used to manipulate people. |
| | C) | neither of these. |
| | D) | both of these. |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
When students were asked to evaluate actual proverbs and their opposites, they rated |
| | A) | the proverb as true and its opposite as false. |
| | B) | the proverb as false and its opposite as true. |
| | C) | both the proverb and its opposite as false. |
| | D) | both the proverb and its opposite as true. |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
The hindsight bias may lead citizens to |
| | A) | blame themselves for stupid mistakes. |
| | B) | compliment decision makers for wise choices. |
| | C) | find the outcome of national elections to be surprising. |
| | D) | support spending more money to finance social psychology experiments. |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
The hindsight bias may lead psychology students to |
| | A) | be surprised by the results of scientific research. |
| | B) | think they know textbook material better than they do. |
| | C) | prematurely reject common sense as predictably wrong. |
| | D) | see their instructors as particularly brilliant. |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
Which of the following is the most likely consequence of hindsight bias? |
| | A) | accepting too little responsibility for our past mistakes |
| | B) | attributing too much blame to decision makers for their stupid mistakes |
| | C) | giving too much credit to decision makers for their good choices |
| | D) | accepting too much credit for our good choices |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
If psychologists were to find that absence makes the heart grow fonder, this discovery would likely seem obvious and unsurprising to college students because |
| | A) | all of us have had many personal experiences in which separation from a friend led us to like the friend more. |
| | B) | they have high respect for psychologists. |
| | C) | students, like everyone else, have a tendency to exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past discoveries. |
| | D) | this finding is consistent with the proverb, "out of sight, out of mind." |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
Paul Lazarsfeld's summaries of false research results from studies of World War II soldiers were intended to demonstrate |
| | A) | how the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon works. |
| | B) | the extreme gullibility of the American public. |
| | C) | that different researchers studying the same thing often reach different conclusions. |
| | D) | the unreliability of the media in reporting psychological research. |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
Professor Woods has just described a key psychological study and its results to her social psychology students. Which of the following student reactions shows hindsight bias? |
| | A) | Lee, who says, "Wow, that's not what I thought would happen!" |
| | B) | Anne, who asks, "I wonder if that's what the researchers expected to find?" |
| | C) | Conrad, who says, "Well, sure, that's just common sense. Anybody could have predicted it." |
| | D) | Sherrill, who asks how these results might be applied in a different setting. |
|
|
.