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| 1 | |
For a school debate, Sally has been asked to argue in favor of capital punishment. Research on the fundamental attribution error suggests that observers of Sally's speech will conclude that her arguments |
| | A) | reflect her true attitude on the topic. |
| | B) | reflect a tendency to present herself favorably. |
| | C) | are weak, because she was assigned to present a particular position on the topic. |
| | D) | will lead her to oppose capital punishment. |
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| 2 | |
The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of inner dispositions upon another's behavior is called |
| | A) | the self-serving bias. |
| | B) | the false consensus bias. |
| | C) | the fundamental attribution error. |
| | D) | cognitive conceit. |
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| 3 | |
When research participants were told that a clinical psychology graduate student had been instructed to act in a friendly manner or in an aloof, critical manner, they judged that |
| | A) | the graduate student's aloof manner reflected her personality but the friendly behavior was due to the situation. |
| | B) | both the friendly and aloof behaviors reflected the student's true dispositions. |
| | C) | both the friendly and aloof behaviors were caused by the assignment situation. |
| | D) | the aloof behavior was due to the situation but the friendly behavior reflected her true disposition. |
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| 4 | |
The day after a presidential election, most analysts tend to attribute the outcome to _____, while a year later, observers are more mention _____. |
| | A) | the candidates' positions; the candidates' personalities |
| | B) | media coverage; the national economy |
| | C) | the candidates' personal traits and positions; the national situation |
| | D) | the international situation; domestic national conditions |
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| 5 | |
People who come from cultures that are less individualistic than that of the United States are more likely that Americans to offer |
| | A) | situational explanations for someone's actions. |
| | B) | dispositional explanations for someone's actions. |
| | C) | false uniqueness evaluations of their own behavior. |
| | D) | self-serving explanations for their own behavior. |
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| 6 | |
Many of us have a tendency to attribute the behavior of ____________ to situational causes and the behavior of _____________ to traits. |
| | A) | females; males |
| | B) | others; our own |
| | C) | children; adults |
| | D) | our own; others |
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| 7 | |
Our tendency to attribute others' behavior to their personal characteristics is reduced when we |
| | A) | view a videotape of the behavior recorded from their perspective. |
| | B) | make judgments about criminal behavior. |
| | C) | are high in self-efficacy. |
| | D) | make judgments about academic performance. |
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| 8 | |
According to your textbook, the fundamental attribution error may lead us to |
| | A) | fail to hold people responsible for their misconduct. |
| | B) | overestimate the brilliance of our teachers. |
| | C) | be lenient with convicted criminals. |
| | D) | do all of the above. |
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| 9 | |
You notice that Mary has missed class and you commit the fundamental attribution error by thinking that |
| | A) | Mary has been required to work overtime. |
| | B) | Mary is lazy. |
| | C) | Mary's friends stopped by unexpectedly and detained her. |
| | D) | Mary has the flu. |
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| 10 | |
As a result of making the fundamental attribution error, you might be likely to favor |
| | A) | increases in unemployment benefits. |
| | B) | increases in international aid to poor countries. |
| | C) | more severe penalties for criminal offenses. |
| | D) | victim compensation laws. |
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| 11 | |
The fundamental attribution error is also called ___________ bias. |
| | A) | hindsight |
| | B) | environmental |
| | C) | self-serving |
| | D) | correspondence |
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| 12 | |
Research indicates that, compared to other people, we see ourselves as more |
| | A) | variable. |
| | B) | depressed. |
| | C) | anxious. |
| | D) | hostile. |
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| 13 | |
One reason that people make the fundamental attribution error may be because |
| | A) | people are inherently lazy. |
| | B) | it takes more mental effort to assess the situation that to assign behavior to dispositions. |
| | C) | it takes more mental effort to assign behavior to dispositions than to look at the situation. |
| | D) | most people rarely notice the situation around them. |
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| 14 | |
Albert has known his friend Barney along time and seen him in lots of different situations, whereas Charlie just met Barney for the first time at today's staff meeting. Barney was rather quiet at the staff meeting. According to research on the fundamental attribution error, who is most likely to say that Barney was quiet today because he is a shy and not very talkative kind of guy? |
| | A) | Albert |
| | B) | Barney |
| | C) | Charlie |
| | D) | All of them are equally likely to say this. |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following people is most likely to attribute their behavior to their own disposition or traits, rather than to the situation? |
| | A) | Lex, who is assigned a position for the class debate. |
| | B) | Lois, who is late for class after being delayed in traffic. |
| | C) | Clark, who fails an exam after missing a week of class. |
| | D) | Jimmy, who is shown a videotape of himself taking part in a classroom discussion and is then asked to explain his remarks. |
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