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1 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Psychology is considered a science because psychologists |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | think critically about careful, controlled observations. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | directly observe overt behaviors. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | are able to understand mental activities that cannot be directly observed. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | use it to study life. |
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2 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) As discussed in the text, the goals of psychology are to |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | teach, test, explain, and predict human behavior. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | describe, predict, understand, and influence behavior and mental processes. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | understand, teach, research, and control human and non-human behavior. |
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3 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which of these early psychologists would be most likely to use the technique called introspection? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Max Wertheimer |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Wilhelm Wundt |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | William James |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Hermann Ebbinghaus |
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4 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) In addition to being the first African American to publish a research article in a journal of the American Psychological Association, J. Henry Alston is best remembered for his |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | research concerning the effects of segregation on children. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | emphasis on the phi phenomenon. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | contributions to the school of thought called Functionalism. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | studies of the sensations of heat and cold. |
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5 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which of the early schools of psychology asserted that mental processes such as thinking and feeling exist only because they help us survive as a species? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Functionalism |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Structuralism |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Gestalt |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Psychoanalysis |
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6 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) John B. Watson, the founder of behaviorism, was most strongly influenced by the work of |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Santiago Ramón y Cajal. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B. F. Skinner. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Sigmund Freud. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Ivan Pavlov. |
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7 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) According to Freud, psychological problems have their roots in innate |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | motives. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | conflicts. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | wishes. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | fears. |
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8 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) As a humanistic psychologist, Dr. Carlson asserts that the most important cause of human problems is |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | the conscious mind. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | brain chemistry. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | faulty thought processes. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | the unconscious mind. |
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9 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) An important area of psychology that focuses on measuring mental functions using instruments such as intelligence tests is |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | cognitive psychology. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | psychometrics. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | neuroscience. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | structuralism. |
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10 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The foundation for our modern understanding of the brain's role in psychology was laid by |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Charles Darwin, who popularized the theory of evolution. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Alfred Binet, who developed the first modern intelligence test. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Santiago Ramón y Cajal, who published the first description of neurons. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | William James, who opened the first psychology laboratory in 1875. |
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11 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Psychology's sociocultural perspective has evolved from social anthropology and has been shaped by which force within psychology? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Social learning theory |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Behaviorism |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Psychoanalysis |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Cognitive psychology |
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12 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The notion that different cultures, ethnic groups, genders, and sexual orientations are different from, rather than inferior to, one another is the underlying perspective of |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | cultural universality. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ethnocentrism. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | cultural relativity. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | human diversity. |
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13 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The research of Mamie Phipps Clark and Kenneth Clark was instrumental in |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | spearheading the acceptance of women into doctoral programs in psychology. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | demonstrating that segregated schools could not be considered "separate but equal." |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | spearheading the acceptance of minorities into doctoral programs in psychology. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | developing child care and childbirth leave policies that facilitate women's careers. |
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14 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The specialty area of psychology that studies the influence of other people on our behavior is called |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | social psychology. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | sociocultural psychology. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | cognitive psychology. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | developmental psychology. |
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15 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Dr. Hodges has a Ph.D. in psychology. She treats clients who have emotional problems and she helps them correct their abnormal behavior. She is a |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | counseling psychologist. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | health psychologist. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | clinical psychologist. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | psychiatrist. |
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