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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
Which psychosocial term refers to individuals' capacity to govern their own behavior?
A)identity
B)independence
C)rebellion
D)autonomy
2
Which of the following statements about the relation between parental autonomy support and adolescent life satisfaction is true?
A)Although adolescents in different cultures receive different degrees of parental support for becoming emotionally autonomous, the correlation between autonomy support and adolescents' life satisfaction is relatively high, regardless of cultural context.
B)Although adolescents in different cultures generally receive the same degree of parental support for becoming emotionally autonomous, the correlation between autonomy support and adolescents' life satisfaction is very different across cultural contexts.
C)Parents who engage in behaviors that are supportive of their adolescents' autonomy development are likely to have children who are low in life satisfaction.
D)Parents in Korea are likely to show high levels of support for their adolescent's autonomy development; however, this support is not related to their child's life satisfaction.
3
In which area of functioning are adolescents likely to be the least independent?
A)psychological
B)social
C)emotional
D)economic
4
In addition to adolescence, autonomy is particularly salient to which developmental period?
A)infancy
B)toddlerhood
C)childhood
D)adulthood
5
According to psychoanalytic theorists such as Anna Freud, the process by which the adolescent achieves emotional autonomy by severing emotional ties with parents is known as:
A)individuation.
B)self-reliance.
C)detachment.
D)rebellion.
6
Independence that is specifically related to changes in close relationships, especially with parents, is known as:
A)emotional autonomy.
B)physical autonomy.
C)behavioral autonomy.
D)value autonomy.
7
Which age group is likely to settle for the least amount of money, when given the option to either receive a lesser amount today or wait a year for $1,000?
A)10- to 11-year-olds
B)14- to 15-year-olds
C)16- to 17-year-olds
D)18- to 22-year-olds
8
The type of autonomy that involves making one's own decisions and following through with them is known as:
A)emotional autonomy.
B)behavioral autonomy.
C)value autonomy.
D)physical autonomy.
9
According to a research study presented in the textbook, when confronted and interrogated by the police, which age group is most likely to say that the best thing to do is to admit to doing the crime?
A)11- to 13-year-olds
B)14- to 15-year-olds
C)C 16- to 17-year-olds
D)18+ year olds
10
According to psychoanalytic thinkers such as Anna Freud, each of the following accurately describes the process of detachment, except:
A)detachment and the accompanying storm and stress inside the family are inevitable.
B)conflict between an adolescent and his or her parents is a sign of immaturity.
C)adolescence is an inherently tumultuous time.
D)adolescents' pubertal changes cause substantial disruption inside the family system.
11
According to Allen and colleague's study, whether an adolescent who is highly susceptible to peer influence will engage in high levels of substance use depends largely on:
A)whether he or she comes from a single-parent family.
B)whether his or her friends are substance users.
C)C whether he or she is genetically preprogrammed to abuse substances.
D)whether the adolescent is White, Black, or Hispanic.
12
Examination of Anna Freud's theories by researchers has led to the conclusion that:
A)high levels of adolescent-parent tension is the norm.
B)adolescents detach themselves from relationships with their parents.
C)adolescents are driven out of the household by unbearable levels of family conflict.
D)in contrast to Freud's ideas, most families get along well during the adolescent years.
13
Unlike psychoanalytic theories that emphasized detachment, emotional autonomy during adolescence is currently thought to:
A)involve a transformation in family relationships rather than a breaking off of family ties.
B)include psychic and interpersonal tension that arises at puberty.
C)include the severance of emotional bonds between children and parents.
D)involve the replacement of familial bonds with romantic bonds outside the family.
14
What was the main finding of Redlich and Goodman's "Alt Key" study?
A)Adolescents were more likely than young adults to falsely confess to wrongdoing when presented with false evidence.
B)Adolescents were less likely than young adults to falsely confess to wrongdoing when presented with false evidence.
C)The proportion of adolescents who falsely confessed when presented with false evidence was the same as the proportion of young adults who falsely confessed.
D)With regard to the likelihood of false confessions, there were more differences within the adolescent sample than between the adolescent and young adult sample.
15
The gradual, progressive sharpening of one's sense of self as autonomous, competent, and separate from one's parents is known as:
A)idealization.
B)dependency.
C)individuation.
D)transformation.
16
Which one of the following is not consistent with the process of individuation?
A)Individuation involves increased family stress and turmoil.
B)Individuation involves the relinquishing of childish dependencies on parents.
C)Individuation results in adolescents' accepting responsibility for their choices.
D)Individuation involves a gradual, progressive sense of the self as autonomous.
17
The process of individuation, in part, involves the realization that parents sometimes make mistakes, which is known as:
A)transformation.
B)detachment.
C)de-idealization.
D)seeing parents as people.
18
What is the pathway by which positive parenting leads to prosocial behavior in their adolescent children?
A)by increasing adolescents' abilities to regulate their emotions
B)by increasing adolescents' abilities to empathize with others
C)both A and B are true
D)neither A nor B is true
19
Difficulties in the process of individuation would most likely arise when:
A)parents and their adolescent both agree that autonomy should be granted.
B)adolescents push for independence before parents are willing to grant it.
C)the process of deidealization leaves the adolescent feeling more secure.
D)the process of deidealization leaves the adolescent feeling more liberated.
20
Autonomous adolescents tend to report that they:
A)do not want to be like their parents.
B)feel uncomfortable seeking advice from their parents.
C)are close to their parents.
D)have many conflicts with their parents.
21
Rebellion, negativism, and excessive involvement in the peer group are more common among:
A)psychologically immature adolescents than among mature ones.
B)autonomous adolescents.
C)individuated adolescents.
D)adolescents who have deidealized their parents.
22
Parents who see their child's increasing emotional independence as rebellious or disrespectful most likely use the parenting style known as:
A)authoritative.
B)authoritarian.
C)permissive.
D)indifferent.
23
According to the textbook, studies that contrast the influence of parents and peers indicate that:
A)parents usually are more influential than peers.
B)peers usually are more influential than parents.
C)in some situations, parents' opinions are more influential, and in other situations, peers are more influential.
D)parents are more influential for day-to-day decisions; peers are more influential for decisions regarding politics.
24
Adolescents are more likely to conform to their peers' than their parents' opinions regarding which of the following?
A)choices among leisure activities
B)educational plans
C)religious beliefs
D)occupational plans
25
Adolescents are more likely to be influenced by their parents' opinions regarding which of the following?
A)choices among leisure activities
B)styles of dress
C)tastes in music
D)occupational plans
26
Susceptibility to peer pressure, especially for illegal and antisocial behaviors, is likely to peak around the age of:
A)12.
B)14.
C)16.
D)18.
27
The case of the Central Park jogger mugging in which it was subsequently discovered that the juveniles accused of the crime gave false confessions to police is an example of:
A)individuation.
B)deidealization.
C)conformity to outside social pressures.
D)enabling behavior.
28
The most consistent finding with regard to the development of prosocial behavior during adolescence is that:
A)almost all individuals become more empathic, sympathetic, and helpful during adolescence.
B)the number of prosocial behaviors that individuals engage in on a daily basis decreases drastically between childhood and adolescence.
C)prosocial behavior is a fairly stable trait.
D)the likelihood of engaging in prosocial behavior fluctuates greatly between early and late adolescence.
29
In general, studies show that susceptibility to peer pressure:
A)decreases throughout the course of adolescence.
B)increases throughout the course of adolescence.
C)increases between early and middle adolescence and then decreases between middle adolescence and early adulthood.
D)is difficult to measure and has never been successfully graphed.
30
Political thinking in adolescence changes in all of the following ways, except:
A)it becomes more abstract.
B)it becomes more conservative.
C)it becomes more principled.
D)It becomes less rigid.
31
According to the textbook, which of the following political views is true for adolescents?
A)With age, individuals are more likely to say that everyone deserves certain rights.
B)With age, individuals are more likely to judge the appropriateness of having certain rights in light of characteristics of the individual.
C)With age, individuals are less likely to judge the appropriateness of having certain rights as dependent on characteristics of the individual.
D)With age, individuals are less likely to say that certain rights should be limited to some individuals in some context.
32
According to research from Fuligni, Eccles, and colleagues, adolescents who are more peer-oriented than other adolescents are most likely to have what type of relationships with their parents?
A)less positive
B)more positive
C)indifferent
D)indulgent
33
Changes in the adolescent's conceptions of moral, political, and religious issues is primarily a result of the development of:
A)emotional autonomy.
B)physical autonomy.
C)behavioral autonomy.
D)cognitive autonomy.
34
The stage of moral reasoning in Kohlberg's theory oriented toward the potential rewards and punishments that may follow a behavior or decision in question is called:
A)preconventional reasoning.
B)conventional reasoning.
C)postconventional reasoning.
D)prosocial reasoning.
35
Research has found that the most rare form of moral reasoning in Kohlberg's framework, in which society's rules and conventions are seen as relative and subjective rather than as absolute and definitive, is known as:
A)preconventional reasoning.
B)conventional reasoning.
C)postconventional reasoning.
D)prosocial reasoning.
36
Advanced levels of moral reasoning are common among children raised in:
A)authoritative families.
B)authoritarian families.
C)indulgent families.
D)indifferent families.
37
Which of the following statements regarding the sex differences in moral reasoning is true?
A)It is a well-known fact that men are more moral in some contexts and women are more moral in other contexts.
B)Many popular books have been based on scientific research that demonstrates that men and women think differently about ethical issues.
C)Studies have not supported the notion that men and women approach moral problems differently.
D)In general, women are more moral than men.





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