 |
| 1 | |
According to Freud, the _______________ operates according to the reality principle. |
| | A) | preconscious |
| | B) | superego |
| | C) | id |
| | D) | ego |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
Freud suggested that people use _________________ to protect themselves from anxiety. |
| | A) | the superego |
| | B) | the id |
| | C) | defense mechanisms |
| | D) | psychic energy |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
According to Freud, the __________ stage contributes to the development of gender identity. |
| | A) | latency |
| | B) | phallic |
| | C) | anal |
| | D) | oral |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
Which of the following is a potential weakness of Freud's theory? |
| | A) | Its concepts are ambiguous and difficult to measure. |
| | B) | There is no evidence for the existence of the unconscious. |
| | C) | Freud used experimental analysis to develop his theories and didn't rely on case studies. |
| | D) | In developing his theory, Freud took only adult development into consideration. |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
Dr. Jones believes that maladjustment often results from an inflexible self-concept that ultimately leads to incongruity between one's experience and self-concept. Dr. Jones' view is best aligned with the views of |
| | A) | Carl Rogers. |
| | B) | George Kelly. |
| | C) | Sigmund Freud. |
| | D) | Alfred Adler. |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
Gabriella's parents demonstrate love towards her when she behaves in a way they approve of, but not when she behaves in a way that they disapprove of. Gabriella's parents' behavior can best be described as |
| | A) | unconditional positive regard. |
| | B) | conditional positive regard. |
| | C) | likely to lead Gabriella to achieving self-actualization. |
| | D) | leading to a healthy development of her self-concept. |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
Milo feels free to be himself. He is unconcerned with the expectations others have for him and does not have a rigid self-concept. Rogers would likely conclude that Milo |
| | A) | is a fully functioning person. |
| | B) | should be more concerned with the expectations of others. |
| | C) | will have a difficult time behaving spontaneously and creatively. |
| | D) | is maladjusted. |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
The factor analytic approach to personality can best be described as |
| | A) | an approach that has very little research support. |
| | B) | a method for uncovering unconscious causes of behavior in a particular cluster. |
| | C) | emphasizing the importance of unconditional positive regard within a cluster. |
| | D) | a method for identifying clusters of behaviors that are highly correlated with one another, but not with behaviors in other clusters. |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
The Five Factor Model identifies five traits that may be universal to the human species. These traits are |
| | A) | openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. |
| | B) | openness, conscientiousness, excitability, aggressiveness, and neuroticism. |
| | C) | openness, conscientiousness, enticeability, agreeableness, and neuroticism. |
| | D) | aggressiveness, introversion, neuroticism, consideration, and openness. |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
People who are high in self-monitoring can best be described as |
| | A) | inattentive to situational cues. |
| | B) | highly egotistical and focused on their own needs. |
| | C) | very attentive to situational cues and likely to adjust behavior to these cues. |
| | D) | highly concerned with their own beliefs and inattentive to the opinions of others. |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
Eysenck proposed that individuals who are extreme introverts |
| | A) | are relatively stable given a quiet environment. |
| | B) | have brains that are chronically overaroused. |
| | C) | are relatively unstable people. |
| | D) | have brains that are chronically underaroused. |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
An individual's temperament is |
| | A) | assumed to have a biological basis. |
| | B) | assumed to have a strong environmental basis. |
| | C) | proven to determine later success in life. |
| | D) | apparent only after the age of 5. |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
Dr. Gomez believes that personality is primarily a function of the interaction among the person, the person's behavior, and the environment. His belief is aligned with the concept of |
| | A) | strategic pluralism. |
| | B) | self-reinforcement. |
| | C) | self-verification. |
| | D) | reciprocal determinism. |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
Lucia believes that she has control over her own life. She feels that her successes and failures are due to her own efforts. Lucia can best be described as having a(n) |
| | A) | external locus of control. |
| | B) | internal locus of control. |
| | C) | unhealthy self-concept. |
| | D) | low level of self-efficacy. |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
Jillian believes she has the necessary ability to accomplish her goals. Jillian can best be described as |
| | A) | high in self-efficacy. |
| | B) | having a high external locus of control. |
| | C) | high in self-monitoring. |
| | D) | being driven by her superego. |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
According to Rotter, _____________ represent the "if then" links between alternative behaviors and possible outcomes. |
| | A) | self-reinforcement processes |
| | B) | affects |
| | C) | goals and values |
| | D) | behavior-outcome expectancies |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
What percentage of people strongly embrace a culture's individualistic or collectivist goals? |
| | A) | 10% |
| | B) | 25% |
| | C) | 40% |
| | D) | 70% |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
Dr. Jahns has designed specific questions he asks of all clients to answer. This is an example of |
| | A) | Remote behavior sampling |
| | B) | Behavioral assessment |
| | C) | Personality scales |
| | D) | Structured interviews |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
Which personality test has 567 true-false items and was developed according to the empirical approach? |
| | A) | Rorschach ink blots |
| | B) | NEO-PI |
| | C) | MMPI-2 |
| | D) | Thematic Apperception Test |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
Which personality test presents subjects with ambiguous stimuli and asks the client for some interpretation of them? |
| | A) | Rorschach ink blots |
| | B) | NEO-PI |
| | C) | MMPI-2 |
| | D) | Thematic Apperception Test |
|
|
.