 | Study Questions
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- Name and describe the functions of the three main parts of the neuron. What do glial cells do?
- What chemical actions create the neuron's resting potential? What chemical changes cause the action potential?
- What is the nature and importance of the myelin sheath>? What disorder results from damage to it?
- Describe five important steps in neurotransmitter function. How do transmitters produce excitation and inhibition? How are they deactivated?
- Describe the roles played by acetylcholine and the consequences that occur when its functioning is disrupted.
- How do agonist and antagonist functions underlie the neural and behavioral effects of psychoactive drugs?
- What are the three major types of neurons in the nervous system? What are their functions?
- Name the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system. How does the autonomic system maintain homeostasis?
- How do the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous branches differ?
- What are the two main structures in the central nervous system?
- What are spinal reflexes?
- Describe four methods used to study brain-behavior relations.
- How are CAT scans, PET scans, and MRIs produced, and what kinds of information does each provide?
- Which behavioral functions are controlled by the medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum? What is the consequence of damage to these structures?
- Describe the roles played by the ascending and descending reticular formation. What occurs with damage to this structure?
- Describe the structural characteristics and functions of the thalamus and the hypothalamus.
- What roles do the hippocampus and amygdala play
- What are the demarcations for the four lobes of the brain?
- How are sensory and motor functions organized in the cortex?
- Where are Wernicke's and Broca's areas? How are they involved in speech?
- What is the role of the association cortex?
- Describe the role of the frontal cortex in higher mental (including executive) functions.
- How did the study of killers illustrate the roles of brain and environment?
- What is hemispheric lateralization, and what functions are localized in the left and right hemispheres?
- How was it possible to "split" the brain and study hemispheric functions?
- What observations established he left hemisphere's verbal abilities?
- What is neural plasticity? How do age, early experience, and behavior affect plasticity?
- Why is greater plasticity possible early in life?
- Describe the ways in which neural function can be restored following damage.
- How does the endocrine system differ from the nervous system? How do hormones affect development and behavior?
- How are the adrenal glands important in psychological functions?
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