 | Study Questions
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- Describe the basic characteristics of consciousness. How is consciousness measured?
- Contrast Freudian and cognitive views of the mind, and controlled versus automatic processing.
- How do visual agnosia, blindsight, and priming illustrate unconscious processing?
- What are some adaptive functions of consciousness?
- Identify brain pathways involved in conscious and unconscious processing. Describe the global–workspace view.
- How do the brain and environment regulate circadian rhythms?
- Describe environmental disruptions of circadian rhythms.
- Describe ways to minimize circadian disruptions involved in jet lag, night–shift work, and SAD.
- Describe the stages of sleep.
- What roles do the brain, environment, culture, and aging play in sleep?
- Describe the effects of sleep deprivation.
- Explain the restoration, evolutionary/circadian, and memory–consolidation views of sleep.
- Describe the symptoms, causes, and treatment of major sleep disorders.
- Describe common dream content, and contrast the psychoanalytic, activation–synthesis, and cognitive dream theories.
- Describe several ways in which agonist and antagonist drugs influence synaptic transmission.
- How are tolerance, compensatory responses, withdrawal, and dependence related? How does learning affect tolerance?
- How do depressants affect the brain? How does alcohol intoxication affect decisions about drinking and driving?
- How do amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy affect the brain? Why can their use lead to a "crash"?
- Describe the major effects and dangers of opiates, hallucinogens, and marijuana.
- Explain how drug reactions depend on biological, psychological, and environmental factors.
- Evaluate claims that hypnosis can produce involuntary behavior, amazing feats, pain relief, and altered memory.
- Contrast dissociation and social–cognitive theories of hypnosis. What does research on the hypnotized brain reveal?
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