1. Reading Critically
Critical Reading
Distinguishing Facts from Opinions
Making Inferences
Synthesizing Information
Evaluating Quality
Detecting Errors in Logic Strategies for Critical Reading
Approach Your Reading with a Reflective and Questioning Attitude
Preview the Material
Do a First Reading
Reread and Study
A Sample Marked Essay
Keeping a Reading Journal Summarizing
The Purpose of Summaries
Suggestions for Writing a Summary
A Sample Summary Synthesizing
The Purpose of Synthesis
Suggestions for Synthesizing Information
A Sample Synthesis Strategies for Reading Visual Material Critically
Reading All Images
Reading Charts and Graphs
Reading Photographs
Reading Advertisements Reading Selection: Mortimer Adler, How to Mark a Book
2. Planning an Essay and Using the Patterns of Development
Considering Your Writing Context
Purpose
Audience
The Writer's Role Generating Ideas
Shaping a Writing Topic
Discovering Ideas to Develop Your Topic Developing a Thesis
Location of the Thesis
Qualities of an Effective Thesis
How to Compose Your Thesis Ordering Ideas
The Scratch Outline Using the Patterns of Development Reading Selection: Gail Godwin, The Watcher at the Gates
3. Writing and Rewriting
Writing Your First Draft
Tips for Drafting Essay Structure
The Introduction
Body Paragraphs
The Conclusion
The Title Visualizing an Essay
Revising Your Draft
Tips for Revising
Revising with Peer Review Editing Your Draft
Tips for Editing Proofreading Your Final Copy
An Essay in Progress: "The Not-so-ideal Male" Reading Selection: Paul Roberts, How to Say Nothing in 500 Words
4. Description
The Pattern
Using Description for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Description in College, at Work, in the Community Deciding on a Dominant Impression
Supporting Details
Objective and Expressive Details
Descriptive Words
Similes and Metaphors Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Description
Checklist for Revising Description
Using Sources for a Purpose
Annotated Student Essay: The Gendarme
Examining Visuals: Description in Corporate Logos N. Scott Momaday, The Homestead on Rainy Mountain Creek
Rick Bass, A Winter's Tale
Annie Dillard, The Deer at Providencia
Gretel Ehrlich, Struck by Lightning
*Barry Corbet, Embedded
Alberto Riós, The Vietnam Wall
Additional Writing Assignments
5. Narration
The Pattern
Using Narration for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Narration in College, at Work, in the Community Supporting Details
Writing Dialogue Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Narration
Checklist for Revising Narration
Using Sources for a Purpose Annotated Student Essay: The Family Reunion, Revisited
Examining Visuals: Narration in a Cartoon
Chris Abani, The Lottery
Langston Hughes, Salvation
William Glaberson, Seeking Justice after a Fatal Spin of the Cylinder
*John Schwartz, The Poncho Bearer
Natalie Kusz, Ring Leader
Lee K. Abbott, The View of Me from Mars
Additional Essay Assignments
6. Exemplification
The Pattern
Using Exemplification for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Exemplification in College, at Work, in the Community Supporting Details
Hypothetical Examples Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Exemplification
Checklist for Revising Exemplification
Using Sources for a Purpose Annotated Student Essay: Food for Thought
Examining Visuals: Exemplification in a Cartoon
Cullen Murphy, Lifosuction
*Jennifer Saranow, The Snoop Next Door
Ralph Ellison, On Being the Target of Discrimination
*Joan Blades and Kristin Rowe-Finkbeiner, The Motherhood Manifesto
Jonathan Kozol, Untouchables
*John Cheever, Reunion
Additional Essay Assignments
7. Process Analysis
The Pattern
Using Process Analysis for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Process Analysis in College, at Work, in the Community Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing a Process Analysis
Checklist for Revising a Process Analysis
Using Sources for a Purpose Annotated Student Essay: A Visit to Candyland
Examining Visuals: Process Analysis in a Photograph
*Dave Barry, Terminal Logic
Diane Cole, Don't Just Stand There
Henry Louis Gates, Jr., In the Kitchen
Timothy Harper, Shoot to Kill
Jessica Mitford, Behind the Formaldehyde Curtain
Naomi Shihab Nye, The Traveling Onion
Additional Essay Assignments
8. Comparison-Contrast
The Pattern
Using Comparison-Contrast for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Comparison-Contrast in College, at Work, in the Community Choosing Subjects
Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Comparison-Contrast
Checklist for Revising Comparison-Contrast
Using Sources for a Purpose Annotated Student Essay: Teaching a New Dog Old Tricks
Examining Visuals: Comparison-Contrast in a Photograph
Bruce Catton, Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts
Suzanne Britt, Neat People vs. Sloppy People
Alice Walker, Am I Blue?
*Deborah Siegal, The New Trophy Wife
Deborah Tannen, Squeaky Wheels and Protruding Nails: Direct and Indirect Speech
Arthur L. Campa, Anglo vs. Chicano: Why?
Robert Frost, Fire and Ice
Additional Essay Assignments
9. Cause-and-Effect Analysis
The Pattern
Using Cause-and-Effect Analysis for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Cause-and-Effect Analysis in College, at Work, in the Community Supporting Details
Avoiding Errors in Logic Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Cause-and-Effect Analysis
Checklist for Revising Cause-and-Effect Analysis
Using Sources for a Purpose Annotated Student Essay: Why Athletes Use Steroids
*Brad Stone, Web of Risks
Andrew Sullivan, Why the M Word Matters to Me
James Surowiecki, Paying to Play
Eyal Press, Fouled Out
Brent Staples, Just Walk on By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space
Dorothy Siegel, What Is Behind the Growth of Violence on College Campuses?
Leslie Marmon Silko, Lullaby
Additional Essay Assignments
10. Classification and Division
The Pattern
Using Classification and Division for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Classification and Division in College, at Work, in the Community The Ordering Principle for Classification and Division
Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Classification and Division
Checklist for Revising Classification-Division
Using Sources for a Purpose Annotated Student Essay: Strictly Speaking
Examining Visuals: Classification-Division in an Advertisement
Sissela Bok, White Lies
Martin Luther King, Jr. The Ways of Meeting Oppression
David Bodanis, What's In Your Toothpaste?
*Thomas Friedman, Globalization: The Super Story
William Zinsser, College Pressures
Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night
Additional Essay Assignments
11. Definition
The Pattern
Using Definition for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Definition in College, at Work, in the Community Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Definition
Checklist for Revising Definition
Using Sources for a Purpose Annotated Student Essay: Why did the Chicken Cross the M?bius Strip?
Examining Visuals: Definition in a Photograph
Judy Brady, I Want a Wife
Jonathan Rauch, Caring for Your Introvert
Jo Goodwin Parker, What Is Poverty?
Malcolm Gladwell, The Art of Failure
Elie Wiesel, To Be a Jew
Pat Mora, Immigrants
Additional Writing Assignments
12. The Law and Society: Contemporary Controversies
The Difference between Argumentation and Persuasion
Purpose and Audience
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Argumentation-Persuasion in College, at Work, in the Community Supporting Details
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
How Logos, Pathos, and Ethos Relate to Purpose and Audience Raising and Countering Objections
The Toulmin Model
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Induction
Deduction Organizing Argumentation-Persuasion
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Argumentation-Persuasion
Checklist for Revising Argumentation-Persuasion
Using Sources for a Purpose Annotated Student Essay: Cast Out of Kansas: Music Censorship in Public Libraries
Should the the Law Allow Cloning of Embryonic Stem Cells?
Jeremy Rifkin, Why I Oppose Human Cloning
*Raymond Barglow, A Reply to Rifkin Should Juvenile Offenders Be Tried in Adult Courts?
The New York Times, Little Adult Criminals
Laurence Steinberg, Should Juvenile Offenders Be Tried as Adults?
Linda J. Collier, Adult Crime, Adult Time
Timothy Roche and Amanda Bower, Young Voices from the Cell What Speech Does the First Amendment Protect on College Campuses?
*Cinnamon Stillwell, Mob Rule on College Campuses
Charles R. Lawrence III, The Debate over Placing Limits on Racist Speech Must Not Ignore the Damage It Does to Its Victims
Harvey A. Silvergate and Greg Lukianoff, Speech Codes: Alive and Well at Colleges
Howard M. Wasserman, Fan Profanity
Robert O'Neil, What Limits Should Campus Networks Place on Pornography?
13. Combining Patterns of Development
Patterns for a Purpose
Using the Patterns of Development For a Purpose
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Combining Patterns Annotated Student Essay: The Telephone Is Out; IM Is In
Examining Visuals: Combining Patterns on a Web Site
Brad Whetsine, Augustinian Influences
George Orwell, A Hanging
Richard Rodriguez, Complexion
Pagan Kennedy, One Room, 3,000 Brains
Esther Thorson, Dissect an Ad
E. B. White, Once More to the Lake
14. Locating, Evaluating, and Drawing on Sources
Using Sources
Locating Sources
Evaluating Print and Internet Sources
Drawing on Sources: Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Quoting
Integrating Paraphrases, Summaries, and Quotations
Avoiding Plagiarism
Documenting Sources Annotated Student Essay: Divorce as a Violation of Trust
Appendix
Document Design
Visuals for Essays
Tables
Pie Charts
Bar and Line Graphs
E-Mail Design
Power Point Slides
Web Site Design
2009