Choose the best answer.
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1 | | Which of the following cities does not typically receive lake effect snow? |
| | A) | Salt Lake City, Utah. |
| | B) | Toronto, Ontario. |
| | C) | Minneapolis, Minnesota. |
| | D) | Buffalo, New York. |
| | E) | None of these cities is affected by lake effect snow. |
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2 | | How does ensemble forecasting (at least partially) alleviate the effects of chaos? |
| | A) | It eliminates measurement errors, making long-term weather forecasts much more accurate. |
| | B) | It accounts for tiny errors in initial conditions by running a NWP model several times with slight variations in the initial input data. |
| | C) | It accounts for errors by running several different NWP models simultaneously, and combining the separate outputs into one 'average' model. |
| | D) | It kills that pesky Brazilian butterfly. |
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3 | | While climbing in the Appalachian Mountains one sunny summer afternoon, you experience a wind coming up from below. What is this called? |
| | A) | Katabatic wind. |
| | B) | Chinook. |
| | C) | Mountain breeze. |
| | D) | Valley breeze. |
| | E) | Land breeze. |
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4 | | Which of the following best describes the monsoon? |
| | A) | A long period of rain and wind. |
| | B) | A gigantic land/sea breeze system on a seasonal cycle. |
| | C) | A phenomena that affects only southern Asia. |
| | D) | A mesoscale thermal circulation. |
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5 | | Which of the following statements is false? |
| | A) | Sea breezes can sometimes result in showers and thunderstorms near the shore. |
| | B) | Smaller versions of sea/land breezes often form in the vicinity of large lakes. |
| | C) | Land breezes form mostly during the daytime hours. |
| | D) | Sea and land breezes are examples of thermal circulations. |
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6 | | There are approximately 4 to 5 long waves circling the hemisphere at any given moment. Given this, long waves would be an example of what scale? |
| | A) | Global. |
| | B) | Synoptic. |
| | C) | Mesoscale. |
| | D) | Microscale. |
| | E) | Molecular. |
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7 | | Which of the following is responsible for extended periods of hot, humid weather in the eastern U.S. during the summer? |
| | A) | Pacific high. |
| | B) | Aleutian low. |
| | C) | Icelandic low. |
| | D) | Bermuda high. |
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8 | | Which of the following forces is insignificant for microscale circulations? |
| | A) | Pressure gradient force. |
| | B) | Coriolis force. |
| | C) | Centripetal force. |
| | D) | Gravity. |
| | E) | Friction. |
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9 | | A sunny summer morning with light winds is followed by afternoon fair weather cumulus and breezy, variable winds. What is most likely causing the gusty winds? |
| | A) | Surface heating leads to convection and thermal turbulence, with stronger winds being mixed down to the surface. |
| | B) | A line of strong thunderstorms has moved into the area. |
| | C) | A warm front is moving into the area from the south. |
| | D) | Interaction of the air flow with buildings and trees leads to mechanical turbulence. |
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10 | | Which of the following is not associated with a strong El Niño episode? |
| | A) | Enhanced thunderstorm activity over the eastern Pacific Ocean. |
| | B) | Decreased anchovy harvests off the South American coast. |
| | C) | Strong high pressure over Australia. |
| | D) | Decreased predictability of major weather events (and increased blame on El Niño by some meteorologists). |
| | E) | All of these are associated with a strong El Niño. |
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11 | | The zonda is a warm, dry wind that blows down the slopes of the Andes Mountains of Argentina, and is often associated with rapid temperature rises. This is similar to the ________ that affects portions of North America. |
| | A) | dust devil |
| | B) | mountain breeze |
| | C) | katabatic wind |
| | D) | tornado |
| | E) | chinook |
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12 | | What mechanism(s) is/are responsible for clear air turbulence (CAT)? |
| | A) | Vertical wind shear. |
| | B) | Thermal convection. |
| | C) | Mechanical obstructions. |
| | D) | Air pockets. |
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13 | | Why are the 500-hPa winds faster in the summer hemisphere than the winter hemisphere? |
| | A) | Stronger north-south pressure gradient in the summer hemisphere. |
| | B) | Weaker north-south temperature gradient in the winter hemisphere. |
| | C) | Friction is stronger in the summer hemisphere. |
| | D) | A and B are correct. |
| | E) | B and C are correct. |
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14 | | Nor'easters that strike New England often occur with a high pressure area northeast of the storm, over Atlantic Canada. Why is the anticyclone important? |
| | A) | The strong pressure gradient between the high and low pressure systems result in strong winds. |
| | B) | Cold flow from the high increases the storm's thermal contrast, making a stronger cyclone. |
| | C) | Oceanic air provides the moisture that becomes heavy rain and/or snow. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
| | E) | None of these factors apply. |
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15 | | What principle(s) explain(s) the formation of dust devils? |
| | A) | Convection. |
| | B) | Conservation of angular momentum. |
| | C) | Preexisting rotation (vorticity) of air parcels. |
| | D) | A and B. |
| | E) | A, B, and C. |
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