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| 1 | |
According to Yvon D. Lapierre, who believes that adolescents should be taking antidepressants, the main sources of information on psychopharmacological agents are data from |
| | A) | patients' case histories. |
| | B) | clinical trials. |
| | C) | laboratory studies. |
| | D) | surveys. |
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| 2 | |
As to grounds for concern with the use of antidepressants in the pediatric population, Tamar D. Wohlfarth et al., who do not believe that adolescents should be taking antidepressants, conclude that the signal detected in studies is |
| | A) | unclear in almost all of the studies. |
| | B) | strong in almost all of the studies. |
| | C) | weak but consistently found in a large number of studies. |
| | D) | inconsistent in a small number of studies. |
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| 3 | |
Rutger C.M.E. Engels et al., who believe that adolescents should be allowed to drink alcohol, conclude that those who drink or smoke score |
| | A) | higher on aggression. |
| | B) | lower on achievement. |
| | C) | higher on inattentiveness. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 4 | |
Sandra A. Brown, who does not believe that adolescents should be allowed to drink alcohol, reports that exposure to drugs of abuse during adolescence may produce more adverse side effects than exposure during adulthood partly because of the |
| | A) | important changes in the brain during adolescent development. |
| | B) | reaction with hormonal changes during adolescent development. |
| | C) | rapidity of changes in the physical growth of adolescents. |
| | D) | emotional intensity of attachments to peers during adolescent development. |
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| 5 | |
According to Teresa Stanton Collett, who believes that parental consent should be required for adolescents seeking abortions, which one of the following laws made it a federal crime for any person other than a parent/guardian to transport a minor across state lines to obtain an abortion? |
| | A) | the Child Custody Prevention Act |
| | B) | the Parental Notification Act |
| | C) | the Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act |
| | D) | the Supreme Court decision Belotti v. Baird |
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| 6 | |
With regard to scientific evidence compiled in the adolescent abortion debate, Nancy E. Adler et al., who do not believe that parental consent should be required for adolescents seeking abortions, conclude that |
| | A) | statistical significance between groups is a key issue. |
| | B) | clinical significance between groups is a key issue. |
| | C) | studies with larger samples are needed. |
| | D) | studies with smaller samples are inadequate. |
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| 7 | |
In their study, Donald R. McCreary and Doris K. Sasse, who believe that boys worry about an ideal body image as much as girls do, conclude that |
| | A) | boys and girls engage in weight training for different reasons. |
| | B) | boys tend to confound being overweight with being muscular. |
| | C) | girls weight train for all-around fitness. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 8 | |
With regard to the size of the effect of thin-ideal media, Duane A. Hargreaves and Marika Tiggemann, who do not believe that boys worry about an ideal body image as much as girls do, conclude that there is |
| | A) | a large, negative effect on girls. |
| | B) | a limited, negative effect on girls. |
| | C) | a small, negative effect on girls. |
| | D) | an age-dependent effect on girls. |
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| 9 | |
According to Angela D. Weaver et al., who believe that adolescents should get comprehensive sex education outside the home, which of the following topics did a majority of parents in their study want excluded from the curriculum? |
| | A) | wet dreams |
| | B) | homosexuality |
| | C) | orgasm |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 10 | |
Robert E. Rector, Melissa G. Pardue, and Shannan Martin, who do not believe that adolescents should get comprehensive sex education outside the home, contend that parents tend to agree that abstinence and contraceptive instruction should |
| | A) | be taught separately. |
| | B) | be taught together. |
| | C) | not be taught in school. |
| | D) | be taught by a health professional rather than a parent or teacher. |
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| 11 | |
Susan M. Blake et al., who believe that adolescents should have easy access to condoms in schools, report that relatively few school districts with condom availability programs distribute condoms through |
| | A) | classroom teachers. |
| | B) | gym teachers. |
| | C) | assistant principals. |
| | D) | vending machines. |
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| 12 | |
Alison Campbell Rate, who does not believe that adolescents should have easy access to condoms in schools, concludes that the problem with condoms is that |
| | A) | teens do not know the proper techniques to use condoms. |
| | B) | it remains embarrassing to purchase condoms at a store or acquire them at school. |
| | C) | condoms fail frequently. |
| | D) | teens' perception of their own invincibility prevents condoms from being seen as valuable in preventing disease. |
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| 13 | |
According to Sharon Jayson, who believes that there is cause for concern about an "oral sex crisis" for teens, oral sex has historically been more common among |
| | A) | whites. |
| | B) | the highly educated. |
| | C) | upper-income families. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 14 | |
Alexander McKay, who does not believe that there is cause for concern about an "oral sex crisis" for teens, notes that what society has tended not to do is discuss with youth the subject of |
| | A) | sexual pleasure. |
| | B) | biophysiological aspects of sexuality. |
| | C) | intimacy. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 15 | |
Aida Orgocka, who believes that comprehensive sex education for adolescents is too liberal, states that in the Muslim view, decisions made about sexual conduct constitute a |
| | A) | family matter. |
| | B) | female matter. |
| | C) | personal matter. |
| | D) | matter for the couple only. |
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| 16 | |
For purposes of their study, John Santelli et al., who do not believe that comprehensive sex education for adolescents is too liberal, define abstinence as an issue of |
| | A) | morality. |
| | B) | public health. |
| | C) | religion. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 17 | |
In their study, Rebecca L. Collins et al., who believe that sex on TV negatively impacts adolescent sexuality, found no significant association between exposure to |
| | A) | sexual content and the initiation of breast touching. |
| | B) | sexual content and intercourse initiation. |
| | C) | sexual content and initiating genital touching. |
| | D) | portrayals of sexual risk and later sexual behavior. |
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| 18 | |
According to Rebecca L. Collins et al., who do not believe that sex on TV negatively impacts adolescent sexuality, teens who the Friends episode were twice as likely to recall that |
| | A) | Rachel's pregnancy was unplanned. |
| | B) | Rachel's pregnancy was a result of a single encounter with Ross. |
| | C) | Ross was the character who exclaimed, "But we used a condom!" |
| | D) | condoms were said to be effective 95 to 100 percent of the time. |
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| 19 | |
Ethnographic studies in the research by Mary Crawford and Danielle Popp, who believe that a traditional or "strong" double standard with respect to sexual behavior exists among adolescents, reveal that sexual double standards are |
| | A) | more pronounced in Western cultures. |
| | B) | more pronounced in non-Western cultures. |
| | C) | local and subcultural constructions. |
| | D) | universal for all cultures. |
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| 20 | |
Michael J. Marks and R. Chris Fraley, who do not believe that a traditional or "strong" double standard with respect to sexual behavior exists among adolescents, contend that much of the past double standard research has not differentiated between |
| | A) | anecdotal and qualitative evidence. |
| | B) | attitudes and evaluations. |
| | C) | actual sexual experience and perceived reputation for sexual experience. |
| | D) | past and present notions about sexuality. |
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| 21 | |
In the study discussed by Lisa M. Diamond, who believes that female sexual orientation is more fluid than male sexual orientation during adolescence, categories of coding questions included all of the following except |
| | A) | exposure to a facilitating environment. |
| | B) | single emotional bond. |
| | C) | same-sex attraction. |
| | D) | ideological identification. |
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| 22 | |
Margaret Rosario et al., who do not believe that female sexual orientation is more fluid than male sexual orientation during adolescence, note that lesbian/gay/bisexual individuals are often raised in |
| | A) | broken or otherwise nontraditional homes. |
| | B) | traditional families. |
| | C) | communities of similar individuals from whom they learn their identities. |
| | D) | communities that are openly hostile to homosexuality. |
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| 23 | |
With regard to divorce and gender differences, Paul R. Amato, who believes that divorce or disruption in family structure has a detrimental effect on development, found in his meta-analysis that the area in which there was a stronger negative effect on boys compared to girls was |
| | A) | conduct. |
| | B) | psychological adjustment. |
| | C) | academic achievement. |
| | D) | social adjustment. |
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| 24 | |
Eda Ruschena et al., who do not believe that divorce or disruption in family structure has a detrimental effect on development, found that most of the significant main effects of the Australia study involved |
| | A) | gender. |
| | B) | age. |
| | C) | socioeconomic status. |
| | D) | family structure. |
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| 25 | |
According to Deborah P. Welsh, Catherine M. Grello, and Melinda S. Harper, who believe that dating impedes developmental adjustment for adolescents, the single largest source of stress for adolescents is |
| | A) | school. |
| | B) | peer relationships. |
| | C) | romantic relationships. |
| | D) | family relationships. |
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| 26 | |
Wyndol Furman and Laura Shaffer, who do not believe that dating impedes developmental adjustment for adolescents, report that early involvement in adolescent romantic relationships has been linked with |
| | A) | teen pregnancy. |
| | B) | poorer scholastic achievement. |
| | C) | poorer relationships with family members. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 27 | |
According to Lauren Donchi and Susan Moore, who believe that cyber-friendships hinder healthy adolescent development, young people reported that the number of face-to-face friendships was clearly related to |
| | A) | social status. |
| | B) | self-esteem. |
| | C) | well-being. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 28 | |
Elisheva F. Gross, Jaana Juvonen, and Shelly L. Gable, who do not believe that cyber-friendships hinder healthy adolescent development, conclude that an understanding of the relationship between youth Internet use and psychological well-being requires consideration of |
| | A) | how often adolescents communicate online. |
| | B) | why adolescents choose to communicate online rather than face-to-face. |
| | C) | with whom adolescents communicate online. |
| | D) | whether or not adolescents prefer to communicate online rather than face-to-face. |
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| 29 | |
Daniel P. Mears, who believes that adolescents who commit serious offenses should be tried and convicted as adults, found a curvilinear relationship between age and support for more adult-like sanctioning of youths who |
| | A) | engage in violent crime. |
| | B) | engage in property crime. |
| | C) | are repeat offenders. |
| | D) | sell illegal drugs. |
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| 30 | |
Laurence Steinberg and Elizabeth S. Scott, who do not believe that adolescents who commit serious offenses should be tried and convicted as adults, assert that the core principle of penal proportionality holds that fair criminal punishment is measured by all of the following except the |
| | A) | perpetrator's age. |
| | B) | perpetrator's blameworthiness. |
| | C) | amount of harm threatened. |
| | D) | amount of harm caused. |
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| 31 | |
Kathryne M. Speaker and George J. Petersen, who believe that school-related violence is increasing, assert that over 50 percent of survey respondents felt that the single most important contributor to school violence was |
| | A) | lack of parental involvement. |
| | B) | violence on television. |
| | C) | divorce and other social factors. |
| | D) | bullying. |
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| 32 | |
According to Dewey G. Cornell, who does not believe that school-related violence is increasing, the dramatic response to school shootings of the 1990s included all of the following except that |
| | A) | the U.S. Surgeon General released a major report on school violence. |
| | B) | the U.S. Department of Education distributed "warning signs" guidebooks to schools. |
| | C) | legislation was enacted leading to zero tolerance policies toward school violence. |
| | D) | the White House held a conference. |
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| 33 | |
According to Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck, Tasha C. Geiger, and Nicki R. Crick, who believe that girls are bigger bullies than boys, boys who have the highest physical aggression scores are often the same boys who have the highest |
| | A) | social preference scores. |
| | B) | social impact scores. |
| | C) | relational aggression scores. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 34 | |
Christina Salmivalli and Ari Kaukiainen, who do not believe that girls are bigger bullies than boys, found in their study that boys used all types of aggression more than girls except in |
| | A) | self-reported indirect aggression. |
| | B) | self-reported direct verbal aggression. |
| | C) | peer-reported direct physical aggression. |
| | D) | peer-reported indirect aggression. |
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| 35 | |
Which one of the following drugs would Eric Sigel, who believes that the use of "club drugs" is a problem among adolescents, recommend following up with a patient's peers in case other medical concerns occurred while under the influence? |
| | A) | methamphetamine |
| | B) | Ecstasy |
| | C) | Ketamine |
| | D) | Rohypnol |
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| 36 | |
Jacob Sullum, who does not believe that the use of "club drugs" is a problem among adolescents, contends that Ecstasy became illegal because too many people |
| | A) | became victims of rape while under the influence. |
| | B) | could obtain it easily. |
| | C) | started to enjoy it. |
| | D) | died from it. |
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