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| 1 | |
According to Kratochvil et al., who conclude that adolescents should be taking SSRIs for depression, the main sources of information on psychopharmacological agents are data from |
| | A) | patients’ case histories. |
| | B) | unpublished clinical trials. |
| | C) | laboratory studies. |
| | D) | published clinical trials. |
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| 2 | |
As to grounds for concern with the use of SSRIs in the pediatric population, Tamar D. Wohlfarth et al., who do not believe that adolescents should be taking antidepressants, conclude that the signal detected in studies is |
| | A) | unclear in almost all of the studies. |
| | B) | strong in almost all of the studies. |
| | C) | weak but consistently found in a large number of studies. |
| | D) | inconsistent in a small number of studies. |
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| 3 | |
Rutger C.M.E. Engels et al., who believe that adolescents should be allowed to drink alcohol, conclude that those who drink or smoke score |
| | A) | higher on aggression. |
| | B) | lower on achievement. |
| | C) | higher on inattentiveness. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 4 | |
Sandra A. Brown, who does not believe that adolescents should be allowed to drink alcohol, reports that exposure to drugs of abuse during adolescence may produce more adverse side effects than exposure during adulthood partly because of the |
| | A) | important changes in the brain during adolescent development. |
| | B) | reaction with hormonal changes during adolescent development. |
| | C) | rapidity of changes in the physical growth of adolescents. |
| | D) | emotional intensity of attachments to peers during adolescent development. |
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| 5 | |
According to Teresa Stanton Collett, who believes that parental consent should be required for adolescents seeking abortions, which one of the following laws made it a federal crime for any person other than a parent/guardian to transport a minor across state lines to obtain an abortion? |
| | A) | the Child Custody Prevention Act |
| | B) | the Parental Notification Act |
| | C) | the Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act |
| | D) | the Supreme Court decision Belotti v. Baird |
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| 6 | |
With regard to scientific evidence compiled in the adolescent abortion debate, Nancy E. Adler et al., who do not believe that parental consent should be required for adolescents seeking abortions, conclude that |
| | A) | statistical significance between groups is a key issue. |
| | B) | clinical significance between groups is a key issue. |
| | C) | studies with larger samples are needed. |
| | D) | studies with smaller samples are inadequate. |
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| 7 | |
In their study, Diane Jones and Joy Crawford, who believe that boys worry about an ideal body image as much as girls do, conclude that |
| | A) | boys and girls engage in weight training for different reasons. |
| | B) | boys tend to confound being overweight with being muscular. |
| | C) | girls weight train for all-around fitness. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 8 | |
With regard to the size of the effect of thin-ideal media, Duane A. Hargreaves and Marika Tiggemann, who do not believe that boys worry about an ideal body image as much as girls do, conclude that there is |
| | A) | a large, negative effect on girls. |
| | B) | a limited, negative effect on girls. |
| | C) | a small, negative effect on girls. |
| | D) | an age-dependent effect on girls. |
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| 9 | |
Tamika L. Anderson, who argues against mandatory HPV vaccination, would be most likely to object to mandatory vaccination of which of the following (if they were available)? |
| | A) | HIV |
| | B) | Tuberculosis |
| | C) | Cold virus |
| | D) | Bacterial Meningitis |
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| 10 | |
Erin Cruise, who is in favour of mandatory HPV vaccination for young girls, argues all of the following except _____. |
| | A) | Immunizing all girls before most of them become sexually active – such as at age 11-12 years – would significantly reduce the incidence of HPV and prevent cervical cancer. |
| | B) | Voluntary HPV vaccination programs would likely lead to those who need the vaccine the most (i.e., those at higher risk of infection) would be least likely to get the vaccine. |
| | C) | Mandatory immunization protects those individuals who cannot have vaccinations because of health complications associated with vaccinations (e.g., allergic reactions). |
| | D) | The financial costs of the mandatory vaccination are offset by reduced cancer treatment costs and costs associated with illness leave at work. |
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| 11 | |
William P. Adelman described different patterns of smoking by teens. Which type of adolescent smoker would most likely benefit from NRT according the Adelman? |
| | A) | typical adolescent smoker |
| | B) | experimental smoker |
| | C) | early regular smoker |
| | D) | adult invariable pattern smoker |
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| 12 | |
Eric T. Moolchan and colleagues, who conducted a study into the effectiveness of the patch and gum NRT methods found that |
| | A) | the NRT patch was significantly more effective than the NRT gum. |
| | B) | the NRT gum was significantly more effective than the NRT
patch. |
| | C) | the NRT patch was significantly more effective than placebo. |
| | D) | the NRT gum was significantly more effective than placebo. |
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| 13 | |
The major problem with the Rector, Johnson, & Noyes’ study, which found a relationship between depression & suicide and adolescent sexual behavior, was: |
| | A) | They inferred causation from correlational information. |
| | B) | They failed to take into account characteristics of the participants such as age, gender, family income, and race. |
| | C) | They used incorrect or inappropriate statistics to test their research question. |
| | D) | They used a non-clinical definition of depression; they were really measuring unhappiness. |
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| 14 | |
The Sabia study investigated the relationship between depression and adolescent sexual behavior. How did the results of this study compare to the findings of Rector et al.? |
| | A) | It contradicted the findings of Rector et al. |
| | B) | It was consistent with the findings of Rector et al. |
| | C) | It was both consistent and contradicted the findings of
Rector et al. |
| | D) | It was inconclusive. |
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| 15 | |
According to Sharon Jayson, who believes that there is cause for concern about an "oral sex crisis" for teens, oral sex has historically been more common among |
| | A) | whites. |
| | B) | the highly educated. |
| | C) | upper-income families. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 16 | |
Alexander McKay, who does not believe that there is cause for concern about an "oral sex crisis" for teens, notes that what society has tended not to do is discuss with youth the subject of |
| | A) | sexual pleasure. |
| | B) | biophysiological aspects of sexuality. |
| | C) | intimacy. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 17 | |
Aida Orgocka, who believes that comprehensive sex education for adolescents is too liberal, states that in the Muslim view, decisions made about sexual conduct constitute a |
| | A) | family matter. |
| | B) | female matter. |
| | C) | personal matter. |
| | D) | matter for the couple only. |
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| 18 | |
For purposes of their study, John Santelli et al., who do not believe that comprehensive sex education for adolescents is too liberal, define abstinence as an issue of |
| | A) | morality. |
| | B) | public health. |
| | C) | religion. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 19 | |
Ethnographic studies in the research by Mary Crawford and Danielle Popp, who believe that a traditional or "strong" double standard with respect to sexual behavior exists among adolescents, reveal that sexual double standards are |
| | A) | more pronounced in Western cultures. |
| | B) | more pronounced in non-Western cultures. |
| | C) | local and subcultural constructions. |
| | D) | universal for all cultures. |
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| 20 | |
Michael J. Marks and R. Chris Fraley, who do not believe that a traditional or "strong" double standard with respect to sexual behavior exists among adolescents, contend that much of the past double standard research has not differentiated between |
| | A) | anecdotal and qualitative evidence. |
| | B) | attitudes and evaluations. |
| | C) | actual sexual experience and perceived reputation for sexual experience. |
| | D) | past and present notions about sexuality. |
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| 21 | |
In the study by Lisa M. Diamond, who believes that female sexual orientation is more fluid than male sexual orientation, three types of categories of queer women were developed that included all of the following except: |
| | A) | stable lesbians |
| | B) | fluid lesbians |
| | C) | stable nonlesbians |
| | D) | fluid bisexuals |
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| 22 | |
Margaret Rosario et al., who do not believe that female sexual orientation is more fluid than male sexual orientation during adolescence, note that lesbian/gay/bisexual individuals are often raised in |
| | A) | broken or otherwise nontraditional homes. |
| | B) | traditional families. |
| | C) | communities of similar individuals from whom they learn their identities. |
| | D) | communities that are openly hostile to homosexuality. |
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| 23 | |
With regard to divorce and gender differences, Paul R. Amato, who believes that divorce or disruption in family structure has a detrimental effect on development, found in his meta-analysis that the area in which there was a stronger negative effect on boys compared to girls was |
| | A) | conduct. |
| | B) | psychological adjustment. |
| | C) | academic achievement. |
| | D) | social adjustment. |
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| 24 | |
Eda Ruschena et al., who do not believe that divorce or disruption in family structure has a detrimental effect on development, found that most of the significant main effects of the Australia study involved |
| | A) | gender. |
| | B) | age. |
| | C) | socioeconomic status. |
| | D) | family structure. |
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| 25 | |
According to Deborah P. Welsh, Catherine M. Grello, and Melinda
S. Harper, who believe that dating impedes developmental
adjustment for adolescents, the single largest source of stress
for adolescents is |
| | A) | school. |
| | B) | peer relationships. |
| | C) | romantic relationships. |
| | D) | family relationships. |
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| 26 | |
Wyndol Furman and Laura Shaffer, who do not believe that dating
impedes developmental adjustment for adolescents, report that
early involvement in adolescent romantic relationships has been
linked with |
| | A) | teen pregnancy. |
| | B) | poorer scholastic achievement. |
| | C) | poorer relationships with family members. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 27 | |
According to Lauren Donchi and Susan Moore, who believe that cyber-friendships hinder healthy adolescent development, young people reported that the number of face-to-face friendships was clearly related to |
| | A) | social status. |
| | B) | self-esteem. |
| | C) | well-being. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 28 | |
Which of the following statements best reflects the findings reported by Valkenburg and Peter? |
| | A) | Adolescents spend considerably less time with IM than in a public chat room. |
| | B) | Adolescents spend considerably more time with IM than in a public chat room. |
| | C) | Time with IM is negatively correlated with time spent with existing friends. |
| | D) | Time with Chat is negatively correlated with time spent with existing friends. |
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| 29 | |
Daniel P. Mears, who believes that adolescents who commit serious offenses should be tried and convicted as adults, found a curvilinear relationship between age and support for more adult-like sanctioning of youths who |
| | A) | engage in violent crime. |
| | B) | engage in property crime. |
| | C) | are repeat offenders. |
| | D) | sell illegal drugs. |
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| 30 | |
Laurence Steinberg and Elizabeth S. Scott, who do not believe that adolescents who commit serious offenses should be tried and convicted as adults, assert that the core principle of penal proportionality holds that fair criminal punishment is measured by all of the following except the |
| | A) | perpetrator’s age. |
| | B) | perpetrator’s blameworthiness. |
| | C) | amount of harm threatened. |
| | D) | amount of harm caused. |
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| 31 | |
According to Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck, Tasha C. Geiger, and Nicki R. Crick, who believe that girls are bigger bullies than boys, boys who have the highest physical aggression scores are often the same boys who have the highest |
| | A) | social preference scores. |
| | B) | social impact scores. |
| | C) | relational aggression scores. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 32 | |
Christina Salmivalli and Ari Kaukiainen, who do not believe that girls are bigger bullies than boys, found in their study that boys used all types of aggression more than girls except in |
| | A) | self-reported indirect aggression. |
| | B) | self-reported direct verbal aggression. |
| | C) | peer-reported direct physical aggression. |
| | D) | peer-reported indirect aggression. |
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| 33 | |
In their study, Rebecca L. Collins et al., who believe that sex on TV negatively impacts adolescent sexuality, found no significant association between exposure to |
| | A) | sexual content and the initiation of breast touching. |
| | B) | sexual content and intercourse initiation. |
| | C) | sexual content and initiating genital touching. |
| | D) | portrayals of sexual risk and later sexual behavior. |
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| 34 | |
According to Rebecca L. Collins et al., who do not believe that sex on TV negatively impacts adolescent sexuality, teens who watched the Friends episode were twice as likely to recall that |
| | A) | Rachel’s pregnancy was unplanned. |
| | B) | Rachel’s pregnancy was a result of a single encounter with Ross. |
| | C) | Ross was the character who exclaimed, “But we used a condom!” |
| | D) | condoms were said to be effective 95 to 100 percent of the time. |
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| 35 | |
Philip Chan and Terry Rabinowitz reported a significant increase in inattentive behavior when adolescents played |
| | A) | internet video games. |
| | B) | console video games. |
| | C) | all types of internet and console video games. |
| | D) | FPS console games and RTS internet games only. |
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| 36 | |
In the meta-analysis conducted by Ferguson (2007), _________________________ was found between violent video game play and actual aggressive behavior. |
| | A) | a positive correlation |
| | B) | a negative correlation |
| | C) | a significant causal relationship |
| | D) | no significant causal relationship. |
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| 37 | |
In the study by Gross and Acquisti, approximately what percentage of undergraduate respondents were Facebook users? |
| | A) | 60 |
| | B) | 74 |
| | C) | 80 |
| | D) | 94 |
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| 38 | |
In the study by Ellison, Steinfield, and Lampe, approximately what percentage of respondents were Facebook users? |
| | A) | 60 |
| | B) | 74 |
| | C) | 80 |
| | D) | 94 |
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