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| 1 | |
According to Eric Gholz and Daryl G. Press, fears about future oil supplies call for: |
| | A) | military measures to stabilize oil-producing regions |
| | B) | political measures to democratize oil-producing countries |
| | C) | investments in alternative energy technologies |
| | D) | investments designed to reduce the costs of finding and
extracting oil |
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| 2 | |
According to Eric Gholz and Daryl G. Press, peak oil predictions about the impending decline in global rates of oil production are based on: |
| | A) | insufficient evidence and dubious models of the oil market |
| | B) | attempts by speculators to manipulate the market |
| | C) | accurate estimates based on the history of oil production |
| | D) | attempts by right-wing politicians to justify creating an American empire |
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| 3 | |
According to Richard N. Haass, ever-increasing dependence on imported oil affects U.S. national security in which of the following ways: |
| | A) | it artificially inflates the importance of source regions of
the world |
| | B) | it leaves the U.S. economy vulnerable to supply interruptions |
| | C) | high American demand pushes prices upward |
| | D) | all the above |
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| 4 | |
According to Richard N. Haass, energy security is directly related to all but which of the following: |
| | A) | vulnerability to supply and price fluctuations |
| | B) | the ease of theft from home oil tanks |
| | C) | the flows of resources to unfriendly producer countries |
| | D) | the adverse impact on the global climate |
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| 5 | |
According to David Friedman, the benefits of reforming and strengthening fuel economy standards do not include: |
| | A) | cutting the American oil addiction. |
| | B) | satisfying people who want more powerful cars. |
| | C) | saving consumers money. |
| | D) | helping to fight global warming. |
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| 6 | |
According to David Friedman, the average fuel economy of new cars and trucks sold in the U.S. in 2006 was ______ than it was in 1986. |
| | A) | less |
| | B) | greater |
| | C) | much greater |
| | D) | about the same |
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| 7 | |
According to Dwight R. Lee, if the oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is exploited, accidents that damage the environment: |
| | A) | might happen |
| | B) | are totally unacceptable |
| | C) | probably will not happen |
| | D) | will not cause significant damage |
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| 8 | |
According to Dwight R. Lee, the Audubon Society approves of drilling for oil in protected areas: |
| | A) | everywhere |
| | B) | in the ANWR |
| | C) | that it owns and gains economic benefit from |
| | D) | that are surrounded by industrial development |
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| 9 | |
According to Nina French, which of the following is NOT true: Coal is critical to our future because it is: |
| | A) | reliable |
| | B) | clean |
| | C) | inexpensive |
| | D) | abundant |
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| 10 | |
According to Nina French, past reductions in NOx, SO2, and particulate emissions were driven by: |
| | A) | a decline in the need for coal-based power |
| | B) | technology development |
| | C) | government regulations |
| | D) | a and b |
| | E) | b and c |
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| 11 | |
According to Roy W. Spencer, which of the following is true? The warming effect of a doubling of carbon dioxide concentrations |
| | A) | has been estimated to be less than about 1°C. |
| | B) | has been estimated to be more than about 10°C. |
| | C) | may be 3-4°C, partly due to “positive feedback” changes in clouds, water vapor, snow cover, and sea ice. |
| | D) | is totally mythical. |
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| 12 | |
According to Roy W. Spencer, global warming will change precipation systems in what way? |
| | A) | no one knows |
| | B) | there will be more snow in winter |
| | C) | there will be more heavy rains and flooding in the summer |
| | D) | there will be more droughts |
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| 13 | |
According to the Union of Concerned Scientists, the tactics used by ExxonMobil to deceive the public about the reality of global warming do NOT include: |
| | A) | manufacturing uncertainty. |
| | B) | using seemingly independent front organizations. |
| | C) | demanding "sound science." |
| | D) | exploiting access to government. |
| | E) | lying. |
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| 14 | |
According to the Union of Concerned Scientists, which company has played the world's most active corporate role in underwriting efforts to thwart and undermine climate change regulation? |
| | A) | General Atomic |
| | B) | General Electric |
| | C) | ExxonMobil |
| | D) | British Petroleum |
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| 15 | |
According to Nicholas Stern's "The Economics of Climate Change," which of the following statements about steps we take today to deal with the threat of global climate change is NOT true: |
| | A) | Steps we take today can have little effect in the short term |
| | B) | Steps we take today can have strong effects during the second half of the 21st century and beyond |
| | C) | Steps we take today can have strong effects only a century or more in the future |
| | D) | Steps we take today will cost less than if we take similar steps later |
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| 16 | |
According to Nicholas Stern's "The Economics of Climate Change," the economic disruption due to climate change will be comparable to that seen in: |
| | A) | World Wars I and II and the Great Depression |
| | B) | the Cold War |
| | C) | The War on Terror |
| | D) | The American Revolution |
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| 17 | |
According to James Allen and Anthony White, one way for European greenhouse gas emitters to meet emissions reductions goals is via "clean development mechanism" credits, meaning: |
| | A) | building power plants that use renewable energy sources. |
| | B) | building nuclear power plants. |
| | C) | reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. |
| | D) | reducing greenhouse gas emissions in developing nations. |
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| 18 | |
According to James Allen and Anthony White, Europe's Emissions Trading Scheme depends entirely on: |
| | A) | the availability of affordable emissions-reduction technology. |
| | B) | the will of governments to impose emission reduction obligations. |
| | C) | the willingness of corporations to suffer adverse economic impacts in order to benefit the public. |
| | D) | the existence of an efficient market for emissions permits. |
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| 19 | |
According to David G. Hawkins, which of the following is NOT true? |
| | A) | Coal is cheap. |
| | B) | Coal is the must abundant fossil fuel. |
| | C) | Coal is a bigger global warming polluter than any other fuel. |
| | D) | Coal’s contribution to global warming cannot be reduced. |
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| 20 | |
According to David G. Hawkins, by 2030 there will be ______ times as much coal-burning capacity as there is today. |
| | A) | 1.5 |
| | B) | 2.8 |
| | C) | 5 |
| | D) | 10 |
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| 21 | |
According to Roger Angel, if disastrous climate change driven by global warming becomes likely (or even in progress), then ______________ will become an emergency priority. |
| | A) | drastically reducing emissions of greenhouse gases |
| | B) | adding sulfate to the stratosphere |
| | C) | reducing heat input to the Earth |
| | D) | putting reflective spacecraft in orbit |
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| 22 | |
According to Roger Angel, the yearly cost of the orbiting "sunshade" project he analyzes would be about: |
| | A) | $1000 billion. |
| | B) | $100 billion. |
| | C) | $100 million. |
| | D) | $10 million. |
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| 23 | |
According to John J. Grossenbacher, U.S. electricity consumption will increase by 30% by: |
| | A) | 2012 |
| | B) | 2020 |
| | C) | 2025 |
| | D) | 2030 |
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| 24 | |
According to John J. Grossenbacher, federal incentives to help the nuclear power industry include: |
| | A) | loan guarantees |
| | B) | risk insurance |
| | C) | production tax credits |
| | D) | all the above |
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| 25 | |
According to U.S. Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham, nuclear wastes are currently stored in: |
| | A) | three locations in the state of Washington |
| | B) | 432 locations scattered across the nation |
| | C) | 131 aging surface sites in 39 states |
| | D) | the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico |
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| 26 | |
According to U.S. Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham, even after designating Yucca Mountain as the nation’s nuclear waste repository, the Department of Energy must: |
| | A) | submit an application to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
| | B) | make its case through a formal review process with public hearings |
| | C) | obtain an operating license |
| | D) | all the above |
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| 27 | |
According to Phillip J. Finck, to ensure a sustainable future for nuclear energy, several requirements must be met, including: |
| | A) | safety |
| | B) | proliferation resistance |
| | C) | minimal environment impact |
| | D) | all the above |
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| 28 | |
According to Phillip J. Finck, the Yucca Mountain repository is limited by legislation to __________ tons of nuclear waste. |
| | A) | 70,000 |
| | B) | 120,000 |
| | C) | 250,000 |
| | D) | 1,000,000 |
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| 29 | |
According to Charles Komanoff, power generation is responsible for nearly ______ percent of carbon dioxide emissions in the U.S. |
| | A) | 20 |
| | B) | 40 |
| | C) | 75 |
| | D) | 90 |
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| 30 | |
According to Charles Komanoff, eliminating the three quarters of U.S. electricity production generated by burning fossil fuels would require __________ huge wind turbines. |
| | A) | 8,000,000 |
| | B) | 4,000,000 |
| | C) | 400,000 |
| | D) | 200,000 |
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| 31 | |
According to Bob Dinneen, the Energy Policy Act of 2005: |
| | A) | helped the biofuels industry grow |
| | B) | encouraged investment in the biofuels industry |
| | C) | created more than 20,000 jobs in rural America |
| | D) | all the above |
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| 32 | |
According to Bob Dinneen, today the biofuel ethanol is produced mostly from corn. Potential future feedstocks include: |
| | A) | garbage |
| | B) | switchgrass |
| | C) | fast-growing trees |
| | D) | all the above |
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| 33 | |
According to Alain Tremblay et al., the amount of greenhouse gases emitted from reservoirs varies over time. The maximum is attained ________ years after impoundment. |
| | A) | 1-2 |
| | B) | 3-5 |
| | C) | 5-7 |
| | D) | 7-10 |
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| 34 | |
According to Alain Tremblay et al., hydropower emits __________ times less greenhouse gases than thermal power plants. |
| | A) | 5-10 |
| | B) | 15-25 |
| | C) | 35-70 |
| | D) | 100-200 |
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| 35 | |
According to David L. Bodde, which of the following is NOT among the three chief alternative engine technologies for future automobiles: |
| | A) | Internal combustion engines |
| | B) | Hybrid-electric engines |
| | C) | Hydrogen-fuel cell engines |
| | D) | All-electric engines |
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| 36 | |
According to David L. Bodde, a key marketplace barrier unique to hydrogen vehicles is: |
| | A) | Available supplies of fuel |
| | B) | Safety |
| | C) | Fuel-production technology |
| | D) | Air pollution |
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| 37 | |
According to Thomas Valone, the kinetic energy retained by the molecules of a substance at a temperature of absolute zero is known as: |
| | A) | absolute minimum energy |
| | B) | zero point energy |
| | C) | quantum energy |
| | D) | infinite energy |
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| 38 | |
According to Thomas Valone, the evidence favors the view that the zero point energy field: |
| | A) | does not obey the laws of thermodynamics |
| | B) | obeys the laws of thermodynamics |
| | C) | obeys the law of conservation of energy |
| | D) | does not obey the law of conservation of energy |
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