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| 1 | |
The position of the American Dietetic Association states that: |
| | A) | foods such as candy and sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages should not be eaten by children or adolescents. |
| | B) | some foods are bad and are detrimental for health while others are good and improve health. |
| | C) | all foods can fit within a healthy diet. |
| | D) | Both a and b. |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following best describes the position of the American Dietetic Association related to diet? |
| | A) | No single food or type of food ensures good health or no single food or type of food is detrimental to health. |
| | B) | Americans must decide between good taste of foods and nutritional quality when planning meals. |
| | C) | The pleasure gained from eating is the most important aspect of food choices. |
| | D) | All describe the position of the American Dietetic Association. |
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| 3 | |
Sodium is added to foods during processing to: |
| | A) | enhance flavor. |
| | B) | act as a preservative. |
| | C) | enhance texture. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 4 | |
The 2010 Institute of Medicine report on sodium focuses on: |
| | A) | teaching the public to cook without use of a salt shaker. |
| | B) | more public health education on the relationship between sodium and blood pressure. |
| | C) | slowly reducing sodium in the food supply. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 5 | |
Who coined the term "orthorexia?" |
| | A) | The American Medical Association |
| | B) | The American Psychiatric Association |
| | C) | Steven Bratman |
| | D) | Lindsey Getz |
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| 6 | |
The term "orthos" is the Greek word for: |
| | A) | correct or right |
| | B) | appetite |
| | C) | obese |
| | D) | low fat |
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| 7 | |
The FDA estimate that the average American consumes about _____ pounds of trans fat each year. |
| | A) | 3 |
| | B) | 5 |
| | C) | 9 |
| | D) | 12 |
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| 8 | |
Trans fat found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils were designed to: |
| | A) | make baked goods taste better. |
| | B) | decrease the caloric content of foods. |
| | C) | increase shelf life. |
| | D) | serve as a preservative in baked goods. |
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| 9 | |
High fructose corn syrup is composed of _______________ percent of fructose. |
| | A) | 95 to 100 |
| | B) | 50 to 75 |
| | C) | 42 or 55 |
| | D) | 50 or 75 |
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| 10 | |
Functions of high fructose corn syrup in foods include: |
| | A) | Enhances fruit and spice flavors. |
| | B) | Retains moisture in cereals. |
| | C) | Maintains consistent flavors in beverages. |
| | D) | a and c, only |
| | E) | a, b, and c |
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| 11 | |
_________________ are phytoestrogens found in soy products that mimic estrogen in the body. |
| | A) | Isoflavones |
| | B) | Carotenoids |
| | C) | Flavonoids |
| | D) | Soy isolates |
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| 12 | |
___________________ is the solvent used to extract oil from soybeans. |
| | A) | Ether |
| | B) | Acetone |
| | C) | Distilled water |
| | D) | Hexane |
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| 13 | |
In 1832, Adolphe Quetelet developed a mathematical equation to define: |
| | A) | the "normal man." |
| | B) | degrees of overweight or obesity. |
| | C) | status of man. |
| | D) | average life expectancy. |
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| 14 | |
Based on Quetelet's equation, people that are 10% taller than average tend to be about: |
| | A) | 5% heavier. |
| | B) | 10% heavier. |
| | C) | 21% heavier. |
| | D) | 25% heavier. |
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| 15 | |
In which of the following is/are vitamin D involved? |
| | A) | Normal bone mineralization. |
| | B) | Decreased risk of certain types of cancers. |
| | C) | Reduced pain from osteoarthritis. |
| | D) | Improved blood glucose control for diabetics |
| | E) | All of the above |
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| 16 | |
The active form of vitamin D is: |
| | A) | 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. |
| | B) | 25-hydroxyvitamin D. |
| | C) | ergocalcitriol. |
| | D) | calcitonin. |
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| 17 | |
According to Samuel Preston in "Deadweight—The Influence of Obesity and Longevity," the main factor that has increased longevity is: |
| | A) | decreases in death among infants and children due to immunizations and improved pediatric care. |
| | B) | decreases in the rate of death at older ages. |
| | C) | improvements in body weight and physical activity among all age groups. |
| | D) | increased awareness of health promotion and wellness initiatives. |
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| 18 | |
Life expectancy is longer in people who: |
| | A) | are male. |
| | B) | have immigrated to American from a European country. |
| | C) | have more years of education. |
| | D) | are of African-American descent. |
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| 19 | |
Conventionally grown food uses: |
| | A) | chemical fertilizers to promote growth. |
| | B) | spray insecticides to reduce pests. |
| | C) | chemical herbicides to manage weeds. |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 20 | |
The yield of organically grown foods is about ____________ conventionally grown foods. |
| | A) | 10 percent higher than |
| | B) | 30 percent higher than |
| | C) | the same as |
| | D) | 30 percent lower than |
| | E) | 10 percent lower than |
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| 21 | |
A poisonous substance produced by a fungus such as mold is known as a: |
| | A) | mycotoxin. |
| | B) | fumonisin. |
| | C) | mucopolysaccharide. |
| | D) | Parasite. |
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| 22 | |
Genetic modification is also known as: |
| | A) | food biotechnology. |
| | B) | gene-splicing. |
| | C) | recombinant DNA technology. |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 23 | |
Which of the following provides probiotics? |
| | A) | Egg yolks |
| | B) | Soy fiber |
| | C) | Chicory root |
| | D) | Yogurt. |
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| 24 | |
The process by which bacteria or yeast convert sugar (from milk, fruits or vegetables) to an acid, typically lactic acid is: |
| | A) | fermentation. |
| | B) | digestion. |
| | C) | anabolism. |
| | D) | acidophilus. |
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| 25 | |
Based on the World Anti-Doping Agency, competitive athletes can consume up to _______________ mg caffeine per kilogram of body weight without exceeding the "doping threshold". |
| | A) | 1-2 |
| | B) | 3-4 |
| | C) | 6 |
| | D) | 15 |
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| 26 | |
Based on current evidence, caffeine appears to enhance athletic performance by: |
| | A) | increasing fat oxidation |
| | B) | sparing muscle glycogen utilization |
| | C) | decreasing a person’s perception of tiredness. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 27 | |
When a person lacks access, at times, to enough food to lead an active, healthy life or if he has limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate foods he is: |
| | A) | classified as food insecure. |
| | B) | suffering from hunger. |
| | C) | eligible for food bank assistance. |
| | D) | eligible for the Supplemental Food Assistance Program (SNAP). |
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| 28 | |
USDA defines hunger as: |
| | A) | lack of access to food for three or more days each month. |
| | B) | a household-level economic and social condition of limited or uncertain access to adequate food. |
| | C) | prolonged, involuntary lack of food that results in discomfort, illness, weakness, or pain. |
| | D) | an adult whose BMI is at or below 16.9 or a child whose BMI for age is at or below the 5th percentile. |
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| 29 | |
Data from 2005-2006 show that U.S. children consume about __________ kcal per day from sugar-sweetened beverages. |
| | A) | 100 |
| | B) | 124 |
| | C) | 172 |
| | D) | 253 |
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| 30 | |
Sugar-sweetened beverages are linked to excessive weight gain because: |
| | A) | they are not satiating and people do not decrease calories consumed from other foods. |
| | B) | the sugar is metabolized differently than sugar found naturally in foods. |
| | C) | the soluble sugar is more quickly digested and absorbed than sugar found in natural foods. |
| | D) | the sugar actually provides more calories than carbohydrates from other solid foods. |
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| 31 | |
The main goal of the Let's Move campaign is to: |
| | A) | increase the amount of organic fruits and vegetables consumed by children. |
| | B) | improve the quality and reduce fat and sugar content of school meals. |
| | C) | solve the problem of childhood obesity within a generation. |
| | D) | increase the minutes of physical education in schools across America. |
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| 32 | |
Let's Move focuses on: |
| | A) | building on effective strategies. |
| | B) | engaging families and communities. |
| | C) | mobilizing both public and private sector resources. |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 33 | |
The term apoptosis means: |
| | A) | when a cell dies. |
| | B) | pustular acne seen on the infant at birth. |
| | C) | pustular acne seen on women during pregnancy. |
| | D) | cell division during the first trimester of a pregnancy. |
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| 34 | |
The critical time when neurons are rapidly forming synapses, where nerve impulses are transmitted and received is: |
| | A) | synaptogenesis |
| | B) | neurogenesis |
| | C) | glycogenesis |
| | D) | lactogenesis |
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| 35 | |
The 20-carbon, omega-6 fatty acid that is involved in brain and visual development is: |
| | A) | arachidonic acid (ARA) |
| | B) | eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) |
| | C) | docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) |
| | D) | alpha linolenic acid (ALA) |
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| 36 | |
Crypthecodinium cohnii is the: |
| | A) | fungus used to produce ARA |
| | B) | algae used to produce DHA |
| | C) | algae used to produce ARA |
| | D) | fungus used to produce DHA |
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| 37 | |
When an infant is breastfed and receives no formula or other foods, the infant is said to be: |
| | A) | breastfed. |
| | B) | exclusively breastfed |
| | C) | growing better than the bottle-fed infant. |
| | D) | deficient in certain nutrients such as calcium and vitamin C. |
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| 38 | |
The term "Iatrogenic" means: |
| | A) | medically-induced adverse effect. |
| | B) | that an infant was not breastfed. |
| | C) | that an infant was breastfed too long. |
| | D) | ear infections caused by nursing on one breast only. |
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