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| 1 | |
According to Campbell, how many genes have been discovered by the human genome project? |
| | A) | 31,000 |
| | B) | 35,000 |
| | C) | 3,100 |
| | D) | 3,500 |
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| 2 | |
According to Campbell, testosterone has many morphological effects on the brain. She mentions all of the following, except: |
| | A) | greater lateralization of function between the two hemispheres |
| | B) | a more defined amygdala |
| | C) | a smaller channel of communication between the two hemispheres |
| | D) | a larger bed nucleus of the stria terminalis |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | The Y chromosome is larger than the X chromosome, but is outnumbered in the population. |
| | B) | The Y chromosome is larger than the X chromosome and outnumbers it in the population. |
| | C) | The Y chromosome is smaller than the X chromosome and is outnumbered in the population. |
| | D) | The Y chromosome is smaller than the X chromosome, but outnumbers it in the population. |
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| 4 | |
In Coolidge and colleagues’ sample, how did their rates of GID compare to other clinical samples used in prior research? |
| | A) | Coolidge and colleagues found many more females with GID in the sample they used compared to other clinical samples. |
| | B) | Coolidge found comparable male to female ratios to clinical samples. |
| | C) | Many more males with GID were present in the Coolidge and colleagues’ sample. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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| 5 | |
According to the sample collected by Coolidge and colleagues, what percentage of children scored in the clinically significant range of GID? |
| | A) | 10.1% |
| | B) | 45% |
| | C) | 2.3% |
| | D) | 5.6% |
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| 6 | |
According to Coolidge, which of the following is characteristic of studies done on GID? |
| | A) | Studies of GID indicate that hormonal imbalances are the precursor to the display of opposite-gender behaviors. |
| | B) | More studies on homosexuality are needed before research on GID can advance further. |
| | C) | Conclusive evidence on GID indicates that no more studies of this nature are needed. |
| | D) | There are far fewer twin and familial studies of GID compared to studies of homosexuality. |
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| 7 | |
According to the research conducted on the gender differences in cognitive abilities, which one of the following is NOT a cognitive ability in which males excel as compared to females? |
| | A) | mental rotation |
| | B) | mathematical reasoning |
| | C) | arithmetic calculation |
| | D) | target-directed motor skills |
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| 8 | |
Elizabeth Spelke believes that: |
| | A) | the perception of gender differences by evaluators eventually creates a self-fulfilling prophecy |
| | B) | there are gender differences in overall mathematical aptitude |
| | C) | women do not hold as many positions in mathematics, physical science, and engineering because there is discrimination in the hiring process based on the possibility that females may have to take maternity leave |
| | D) | both B and C |
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| 9 | |
Studies of sex differences in cognitive abilities conclude that |
| | A) | men have superior cognitive abilities in comparison with women. |
| | B) | men have superior cognitive abilities in comparison with women with the lone exception of women's superior verbal skills. |
| | C) | though men and women overlap considerably in cognitive skill, on average men excel in some cognitive abilities and women excel in others. |
| | D) | though all men perform better on mental rotation tasks than women, women have higher verbal fluency. |
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| 10 | |
Hyde suggests that the gender-differences model could lead to: |
| | A) | women loosing their right to vote in the US |
| | B) | perpetuation of the notion that women are caring and nurturing while men are lacking in nurturance |
| | C) | an end for academic scholarship opportunities for women seeking degrees in math or engineering |
| | D) | more realistic expectations for women and men |
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| 11 | |
Browne claims that women have higher levels of ___________ as compared with men. |
| | A) | aggression |
| | B) | competitiveness |
| | C) | obsessive compulsive disorder |
| | D) | empathy |
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| 12 | |
Browne suggests that some gender differences in psychological variables are apparent in: |
| | A) | early adolescence |
| | B) | newborns |
| | C) | pre-schoolers |
| | D) | early adulthood |
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| 13 | |
What does Brizendine argue happens to girl’s brains in mid-childhood? |
| | A) | Oxytocin is produced at higher levels, resulting in fluctuating feelings and interests. |
| | B) | Hormones levels reduce or stop flowing altogether. |
| | C) | The brain shrinks due to increased levels of progesterone and estrogen. |
| | D) | None of the above |
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| 14 | |
With which of the following statements would Brizendine most agree? |
| | A) | While differences in communication do mark a fundamental difference in women’s and men’s brains, the largest difference actually lies in spatial abstraction abilities. |
| | B) | Testosterone exerts minor effects on fetus development. |
| | C) | While boys’ and girls’ brains differ greatly, neither sex has fundamental advantages over the other. |
| | D) | Girls’ brains are built for communication, marking a fundamental difference from boys’ brains that is established prenatally. |
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| 15 | |
According to Brizendine, which of the following statements would be most likely to come from a young girl? |
| | A) | “I want to go over there and play house.” |
| | B) | “Go get that doll from Kelly.” |
| | C) | “I think we should play hide-and-seek.” |
| | D) | “Let’s watch this video, okay?” |
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| 16 | |
Geary and Flinn suggest that Taylor et al.: |
| | A) | focus more on the biological aspect of their model and less upon the social aspect |
| | B) | do more to emphasize paternal investment in offspring |
| | C) | conduct a meta-analysis to support their model |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 17 | |
Taylor et al. assert that the tend-and-befriend model is about: |
| | A) | parenting |
| | B) | behavioral responses to stress |
| | C) | relational aggression |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 18 | |
Geary and Flinn claim that in some contexts: |
| | A) | men show the same tending behaviors as women |
| | B) | men’s bodies produce large amounts of progestin |
| | C) | male bonobos leave the birth group after their offspring are born |
| | D) | women show the same hierarchical behaviors as men |
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| 19 | |
Felson argues that men use violence against women in intimate relationships because of which of the following? |
| | A) | Men mostly use violence as self-defense in intimate relationships when their female partners attack them physically |
| | B) | Men use violence in intimate relationships because they are bigger than females and because they are more prone to aggression than females |
| | C) | Men use violence in intimate relationships because they are more prone to alcohol and substance use than females |
| | D) | Men use violence in intimate relationships as a result of sexist attitudes and values that condone violence against women |
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| 20 | |
According to White and colleagues, why are dating violence and sexual assaults among college students and adolescents so pervasive? that: |
| | A) | Dating scripts afford men greater power relative to women |
| | B) | Dating occurs in private contexts so men who want to be violent know they can get away with violence without being detected or sanctioned |
| | C) | Females play the role of sexual gatekeepers in dating relationship and often they lead male dating partners on to the point that the male cannot control their sexual arousal |
| | D) | Dating violence and sexual assaults are not actually pervasive |
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| 21 | |
Which of the following has been identified as a characteristic of men who perpetrate intimate partner violence? |
| | A) | drug use |
| | B) | divorced parents |
| | C) | stressful life events |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 22 | |
Swan and Snow argue that: |
| | A) | The US needs to adopt more gender-neutral laws concerning partner violence |
| | B) | Men engage in couple violence approximately twice as much as women |
| | C) | There is an overreliance upon gender-neutral applications of domestic violence law |
| | D) | Men should receive harsher sentencing than women in matters of partner violence |
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| 23 | |
Straus and Ramirez argue that: |
| | A) | Men and women are similarly injured overall as a result of partner violence |
| | B) | Women are more likely than men to use a weapon in partner violence |
| | C) | Women and men are equally as likely to initiate partner violence |
| | D) | Women often fabricate stories of domestic violence to punish their partners |
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| 24 | |
The authors of both articles agree that: |
| | A) | Women and men report similar rates of partner violence |
| | B) | More social programs need to be created for male victims of partner violence |
| | C) | Childhood trauma is a strong predictor of subsequent partner violence |
| | D) | Low levels of physical violence is common in relationships and does not constitute a problem Multiple-choice Questions: |
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| 25 | |
D’Amato’s argument is based principally on crime statistics from the United States Department of Justice that indicate what? |
| | A) | The relationship between rape and internet usage is positive and steady. |
| | B) | Children are being exposed to more pornographic materials at a younger age due to the availability of internet pornography sites. |
| | C) | The rates of attempted and completed rapes have decreased over the past 25 years. |
| | D) | Incidents of rape are not being reported as often as they once were. |
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| 26 | |
What trend did D’Amato’s research reveal regarding states with the lowest rates of internet access? |
| | A) | While national rates of rape and attempted rape were increasing, these states were showing almost no change in rates of sexual assault. |
| | B) | While rates of rape and attempted rape were declining nationwide, rates in the states with the lowest levels of internet access were actually decreasing even more sharply over the same time period. |
| | C) | There did not appear to be any significant correlation between sexual assault rates and internet access in most states with the lowest levels of internet access. |
| | D) | While rates of rape and attempted rape were declining nationwide, rates in the states with the lowest levels of internet access were actually increasing over the same time period. |
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| 27 | |
Which of the following factors did D’Amato dismiss as unlikely alternative explanations for the strong negative correlation he found between internet access and rates of attempted and completed rape? |
| | A) | Women being taught to avoid risky situations. |
| | B) | Sex education emphasizing to young men that “no means no.” |
| | C) | Many would-be rapists are already incarcerated for other crimes. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
| | E) | None of the above. |
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| 28 | |
In Kurdek’s article it is suggested that determining the number of lesbian and gay couples is difficult because identifying as a lesbian or gay couple exposes individuals to all of the following, except: |
| | A) | discrimination |
| | B) | violence |
| | C) | extortion |
| | D) | abuse |
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| 29 | |
Kurdek mentions that 38 states have approved Defense of Marriage Acts. What are these acts? |
| | A) | They allow for same-sex civil unions, but ensure that heterosexual marriages have more rights. |
| | B) | They allow the states that have adopted them do not have to recognize the legality of same-sex unions issued by other states. |
| | C) | They allow the states that have adopted them to define marriage as an act between a man and a woman. |
| | D) | They are acts that aim to increase the number of marriages, either of same-sex or different-sex couples. |
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| 30 | |
According to Kurdek, why did he choose to exclude lesbian and gay couples with children from his study? |
| | A) | Because the majority of lesbian and gay couples do not live with children. |
| | B) | Because lesbian and gay couples who have children refused to participate. |
| | C) | Because lesbian and gay couples who have children are very different from heterosexual couples with children. |
| | D) | Because he did not want to involve any children in the study. |
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| 31 | |
According to the APA resolution, the number of households headed by lesbian or gay parents is approximately: |
| | A) | 1,600,000 |
| | B) | 1,600 |
| | C) | 160,000 |
| | D) | 160 |
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| 32 | |
According to the APA resolution, common concerns that some people may have about lesbian and gay parents include all of the following, except: |
| | A) | they are mentally ill |
| | B) | their relationships with one another leave little time for their children |
| | C) | lesbians are less maternal than heterosexual women |
| | D) | lesbian and gay parents do not know how to show “appropriate” forms of love to their children |
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| 33 | |
According to the APA resolution, scientific research has shown that |
| | A) | children of lesbian mothers develop inappropriate gender identities. |
| | B) | children of lesbian mothers become lesbian or gay adults. |
| | C) | there are few differences between children of lesbian mothers and heterosexual mothers regarding personality development. |
| | D) | children of lesbian mothers are more likely to be sexually abused by friends of the parents than children of heterosexual mothers. |
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| 34 | |
According to McLanahan and Carlson, all of the following trends have affected the composition of families in the U.S., except: |
| | A) | declining marriage rates. |
| | B) | increasing divorce rates. |
| | C) | increasing birth rates among married women. |
| | D) | increasing birth rates among unmarried women. |
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| 35 | |
What does Drexler say concerning gay male couples rearing young boys? |
| | A) | The boys will suffer from a distorted view of male sexuality |
| | B) | There will be no differences as compared with boys reared by traditional female-male couples |
| | C) | It depends upon how involved the gay couples are in the boys’ lives |
| | D) | nothing |
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| 36 | |
According to McLanahan and Carlson, positive father involvement, particularly by fathers who live with their children, has been linked to: |
| | A) | higher levels of anxiety in the children. |
| | B) | higher levels of substance use in the children. |
| | C) | decreased social skills in the children. |
| | D) | fewer behavioral problems in the children. |
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| 37 | |
A concern of Davis’ is that fetal sex selection could lead to selection for all of the following, except: |
| | A) | avoidance of short children. |
| | B) | avoidance of right-handed children. |
| | C) | avoidance of average intelligence children. |
| | D) | avoidance of near-sighted children. |
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| 38 | |
Davis mentions a 1990 study that examined the percentage of students who would use sex selection technology if it was an “inexpensive device or pill.” Only 18% of the sample reported they would use the technology; however, _____% of those who would use it reported a preference for a boy. |
| | A) | 13% |
| | B) | 33% |
| | C) | 53% |
| | D) | 73% |
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| 39 | |
Davis states that parents who are in favor of sex selection strongly endorse ____________. |
| | A) | gender stereotypes. |
| | B) | conservative attitudes. |
| | C) | liberal attitudes. |
| | D) | racist stereotypes |
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| 40 | |
According to Hill and colleagues, why do most professional women not opt to reduce their work hours, even though research shows that this reduction leads to increase life satisfaction? |
| | A) | Because they have perfected their time-management skills so that they do not need to reduce hours to complete all work and family tasks. |
| | B) | Because the economic costs are too great. |
| | C) | Because the reduction interferes with their abilities to feel they’re making progress on work projects. |
| | D) | Because their workplaces do not allow such options. |
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| 41 | |
Hill and his colleagues mentioned that the participants in their study were more highly educated and highly paid than most average employees. To what part of the research method does this information pose a problem? |
| | A) | Variable selection |
| | B) | Random assignment |
| | C) | Data analysis |
| | D) | Generalizability |
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| 42 | |
How many hours of free time were gained on average each day by mothers working in the new-concept part-time positions when compared to full time mothers, according to Hill and colleagues? |
| | A) | 1.2 hours |
| | B) | 3.6 hours |
| | C) | 4.5 hours |
| | D) | 8.2 hours |
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| 43 | |
According to Hilde Kahne, unequal wage distribution among families is a consequence of |
| | A) | changes in family structures |
| | B) | discrimination against single mothers |
| | C) | psychological problems in females associated with abandonment |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 44 | |
Kahne states that the reason for the higher than average unemployment rate of single mothers is due to |
| | A) | gender discrimination in hiring |
| | B) | single mothers choosing not to work |
| | C) | decreased stability of jobs that single mothers take |
| | D) | lack of jobs that suit a single mother’s schedule |
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| 45 | |
According to Kahne, high proportions of single-mothers live below the poverty time because of |
| | A) | limited education and/or work experience |
| | B) | wage disadvantages relative to men in comparable jobs |
| | C) | lack of health insurance benefits |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 46 | |
Both Lips and O’Neill agree that: |
| | A) | the gender wage gap has decreased over the past 25 years |
| | B) | the gender wage gap has remained the same over the past 25 years |
| | C) | there is still a gender wage gap today |
| | D) | the gender wage gap has become nominal |
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| 47 | |
O’Neill suggests that one explanation for the gender wage gap is differences in |
| | A) | levels of education |
| | B) | employer discrimination |
| | C) | perceived value of work performed |
| | D) | job-related experience |
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| 48 | |
Lips suggests that one explanation for the gender wage gap is differences in |
| | A) | cognitive abilities |
| | B) | perceived value of work performed |
| | C) | job-related experience |
| | D) | levels of education Multiple-choice Questions: |
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| 49 | |
What has been the main problem with the discussion on women’s status in the workplace, according to Eagly and Carli? |
| | A) | Women haven’t had a voice in the discussion |
| | B) | Too many years have passed since valid data have been collected on the topic |
| | C) | Discussion has been focused on the wrong issue |
| | D) | There is no real problem with women’s status in the workplace. |
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| 50 | |
According to Eagly and Carli, ______ & ______ have had positive effects on men’s wages, while ______ have had more positive effects on women’s wages. |
| | A) | Marriage & children; years of work experience |
| | B) | Education level & children; marriage status |
| | C) | experience & education; marriage status |
| | D) | Marriage & children; years of education |
| | E) | None of the above |
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| 51 | |
How has the number of hours devoted to childcare changed between moms and dads since the 1960s? |
| | A) | Moms have increased the number of hours they spend on childcare while dads have increased their number of hours as well, continuing the old imbalance. |
| | B) | Moms and dads have both increased the number of hours spent on childcare so that they are approximately even today. |
| | C) | Dads currently spend more time on childcare than ever before, while moms continue to devote the same number of hours to childcare each day as they did in the 1960s. |
| | D) | Momshave decreased the number of hours they spend on childcare, while dads have increased the number of hours they devote to childcare, leading to a shrinking of the gap since the 1960s. Multiple-choice questions: |
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| 52 | |
Mackie covers several reasons that cultures give for practicing female genital cutting. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons covered by Mackie? |
| | A) | Tradition |
| | B) | pleasure |
| | C) | Marriageability |
| | D) | None of the above |
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| 53 | |
According to the Mackie article, by percentages (see Table 1), _____ has the lowest occurrence of FGC and _____ has the highest occurrence. |
| | A) | Central African Republic; Ivory Coast |
| | B) | Egypt; Ivory Coast |
| | C) | Central African Republic; Egypt |
| | D) | Ivory Coast; Egypt |
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| 54 | |
What is one main reason Mackie gives for the underreporting of complications of circumcision? |
| | A) | Women have no practical way to report complications |
| | B) | Women have no comparison group and do not recognize complications for what they are |
| | C) | Women do not receive adequate treatment when they do report complications, so it is often easier to remain silent |
| | D) | There are no complications |
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| 55 | |
According to the Family Research Council, abstinence-only-until-marriage programs are more effective than comprehensive programs for all of the following reasons, except: |
| | A) | there is justification for it in both the Old and New Testaments in the Bible. |
| | B) | research shows that the drop in teen birth rates was due to sexual abstinence. |
| | C) | they focus on teaching young people character education and self-control. |
| | D) | teens themselves say they want to be taught abstinence. |
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| 56 | |
The Family Research Council considers all of the following to be successful abstinence-only-until-marriage programs, except: |
| | A) | Choosing the Best. |
| | B) | Operation Keepsake. |
| | C) | Teen-Aid. |
| | D) | Be Proud, Be Responsible. |
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| 57 | |
Several abstinence-only-until-marriage programs incorporate "virginity pledges" into their programs. What does the Family Research Council maintain that the research says about virginity pledges? |
| | A) | teens who take these pledges are 34% less likely to have sex before marriage |
| | B) | teens who take these pledges are 75% less likely to have sex before marriage |
| | C) | teens who do NOT take these pledges are 50% more likely to identify as lesbian or gay. |
| | D) | adults who did NOT take these pledges as teenagers are 90% more likely to have an extra-marital affair. Multiple-choice questions: |
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| 58 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the forms of power that Sheff argues is linked to a woman’s sexual subjectivity? |
| | A) | The power to appropriate sexuality |
| | B) | Reward power |
| | C) | Coercive power |
| | D) | Athletic power |
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| 59 | |
Which of the following, according to Sheff, is NOT one of the areas in which polyamorous women feel their roles are expanding through their participation in these different types of relationships? |
| | A) | Gender roles |
| | B) | Family and monogamous culture |
| | C) | Sexual roles |
| | D) | Community activism roles |
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| 60 | |
The author notes that many variables may influence the success of polyamorous relationships. Which of the following does Sheff NOT highlight as a benefit that many of the women in her analysis had before they entered into their polyamorous relationships? |
| | A) | Extensive educational background |
| | B) | Financial resources |
| | C) | Race privileges |
| | D) | Class privileges |
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