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| 1 | |
What area(s) of the brain become affected by drug use? |
| | A) | brain stem |
| | B) | limbic system |
| | C) | cerebral cortex |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 2 | |
Satel and Lilienfeld believe that individuals with drug addiction are: |
| | A) | choosing to continue with their behaviors if the calculated benefits are low. |
| | B) | helpless to change their addiction behaviors. |
| | C) | able to alter a behavior by considering likely consequences of continued addiction. |
| | D) | both A and C are correct. |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following is NOT a main argument Jones and his colleagues make against past behavioral genetic studies of homosexuality? |
| | A) | In the monozygotic twins studies, actual sample sizes were small and potentially biased. |
| | B) | In the monozygotic twins studies, there were no control groups. |
| | C) | samples were recruited using methods that were likely to produce a biased sample inclined to favor genetic explanations of sexual orientation. |
| | D) | All of the above are arguments Jones et al. made against past behavioral genetic studies on homosexuality. |
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| 4 | |
According to Rahman, empirical studies have reliably demonstrated that homosexual men have a greater number of older brothers than heterosexual men do. This phenomenon is called: |
| | A) | the fraternal birth order (FBO) effect. |
| | B) | the maternal immunity (MI) hypothesis. |
| | C) | the older brother predisposition (OBP) effect. |
| | D) | the prenatal androgen phenomenon (PAP). |
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| 5 | |
Why is it impossible, according to Gantt and Melling, for scientists to be fully objective when drawing conclusions from data? |
| | A) | Because, whether they acknowledge it or not, scientists always have a personal agenda that they are trying to further by conducting research. |
| | B) | Because scientists must unavoidably have a conceptual framework that guides their method and the interpretation of their data, which biases their findings. |
| | C) | Because data are inherently biased. |
| | D) | Because the scientific method is a bias that few acknowledge. |
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| 6 | |
About which of the following points would the authors of the two articles DISAGREE? |
| | A) | Evolutionary psychology has come under major scrutiny by academics of various disciplines. |
| | B) | Evolutionary psychology is an explanatory framework that has implications for explaining all psychological phenomena. |
| | C) | Evolutionary psychology is not driven by a particular ideology, but by a motive to increase understanding of the natural world. |
| | D) | The Standard Social Science model is not the ideal framework for understanding human psychology. |
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| 7 | |
Haeffel, et al., refers to the "college sophomore problem." What is this problem? |
| | A) | Sophomores are at the biggest risk for dropping out of college. |
| | B) | Most research is done on American college students (sophomores). |
| | C) | Most college sophomores are too immature to do serious psychology. |
| | D) | Most psychology studies have researchers too inexperienced to be valid. |
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| 8 | |
According to Haeffel, et al., basic psychological research can apply to real world cases such as: |
| | A) | Clinical myopia. |
| | B) | Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. |
| | C) | The Abu Ghraib prison scandal and terrorism. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 9 | |
The Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology (EBPP) critiques the methodology of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) for relying too heavily on: |
| | A) | case studies. |
| | B) | psychological assessment. |
| | C) | randomized controlled trials. |
| | D) | qualitative research. |
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| 10 | |
Compared to ESTs, EBPP is: |
| | A) | the more comprehensive concept. |
| | B) | the more narrow concept. |
| | C) | fundamentally the same as ESTs. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 11 | |
Vohs and Schooler found that exposure to a passage stating humans had no free will lead to students: |
| | A) | embracing science as the best explanation for human behavior. |
| | B) | increase their altruistic behaviors. |
| | C) | cheat, lie, and steal more. |
| | D) | have no changes in behavior when tested against a control. |
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| 12 | |
Nehmias draws a distinction between libertarian and compatibilist versions of free will. The key difference is that: |
| | A) | libertarian free will is scientifically valid while compatibilist free will cannot actually exist. |
| | B) | libertarian powers require an "indeterministic" human agent while compatiblist powers such as rational choice can be explained by deterministic causes. |
| | C) | libertarian free will exists apart from the human agent while compatibilist free will is an integrated part of an individual's choices. |
| | D) | libertarians believe the federal government should not make laws regarding an individuals' free will, compatibilists believe that the government should work with individuals on creating fair laws. |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following statements would both sets of authors AGREE with? |
| | A) | Narcissism has generally been increasing over time in the American young adult population since the 1970s. |
| | B) | The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) is a valid instrument for measuring whether or not narcissism is more prevalent in today's college students than college students of previous generations. |
| | C) | Using aggregate data from a large number of non-probability samples is a sound method for drawing conclusions about populations. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 14 | |
From the Egos Inflating Over Time article, what is the term used to describe samples of individuals who are of the same age but are from different generations? |
| | A) | Birth cohorts. |
| | B) | Age cohorts. |
| | C) | Cross-temporal samples. |
| | D) | Cross-variable samples. |
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| 15 | |
What did Donchi and Moore discover about the importance males placed on online friendships in relation to their well-being in their study? |
| | A) | The association between these two variables was strong and significant in the positive direction. |
| | B) | Importance placed on online friendships was negatively correlated with well-being in males. |
| | C) | No relationship was found between the importance males placed on online friendships and their sense of well-being. |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following was NOT a construct/facet of loneliness used to measure participants' loneliness in the Donchi and Moore study? |
| | A) | Social loneliness. |
| | B) | Emotional loneliness. |
| | C) | Perceived loneliness. |
| | D) | Loneliness as a global, unidimensional construct. |
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| 17 | |
In the social comparison anagram experiment: |
| | A) | happy people responded differently than unhappy people when exposed to a slower confederate. |
| | B) | happy people responded differently than unhappy people when exposed to a faster confederate. |
| | C) | happy people tried to help when exposed to a slower confederate. |
| | D) | B & C. |
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| 18 | |
The "hedonic treadmill" refers to: |
| | A) | the idea that people continue to pursue happiness, but they will never get there. |
| | B) | the idea that people tend to return to a set point level of happiness regardless of circumstances. |
| | C) | the idea that people's happiness is 50% genetically determined. |
| | D) | the belief that one will be considerably happier after a major positive life change, such as winning the lottery. |
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| 19 | |
The articles in this issue indicate that Locke and Mayer, et. al., would agree that: |
| | A) | the ability to read the emotions of others is a specific type of intelligence. |
| | B) | the ability to discriminate between emotions is not intelligence, but a learned skill. |
| | C) | popular media definitions of EI make unwarranted claims. |
| | D) | b and c |
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| 20 | |
Locke's article indicates that: |
| | A) | highly motivated people can increase their intelligence. |
| | B) | people who are high in EI are generally highly motivated. |
| | C) | motivation can compensate for lack of intelligence. |
| | D) | highly motivated people are usually highly intelligent. |
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| 21 | |
What is a major challenge to establishing causality with research on abortion? |
| | A) | Most abortions are done in secret, without the knowledge of scientists. |
| | B) | Intention of pregnancy cannot be statistically controlled for. |
| | C) | Most research ignores abortions' effect on men. |
| | D) | It is unethical to randomly assign women to conceive and then terminate or deliver an unintended pregnancy. |
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| 22 | |
Coleman et al. identified several variables that differentiated women who had aborted from women who had not. Women who aborted were more likely to: |
| | A) | be white and unemployed. |
| | B) | be free of sexual abuse, be currently married. |
| | C) | be older, more educated, working. |
| | D) | live in larger households, generally free of major life stressors. |
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| 23 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the three subtypes of ADHD? |
| | A) | Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type. |
| | B) | Predominantly inattentive type. |
| | C) | Predominantly spontaneous type. |
| | D) | Combined type. |
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| 24 | |
In the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA) cited in the National Institute of Mental Health article, what did the researchers find in regards to the effectiveness of different treatments for ADHD? |
| | A) | Behavioral treatment and routine community treatment were more effective than medication management alone. |
| | B) | Medication management was usually more effective than the combined treatment in the areas of anxiety and oppositionality. |
| | C) | Long-term combination treatments (medication management and behavioral therapy) and medication management alone were more effective than intensive behavioral treatment. |
| | D) | Routine community treatments were usually more effective than long-term combination treatments. |
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| 25 | |
The Gonzales and Hancock study concludes that Facebook is beneficially to a user because: |
| | A) | Facebook provides an opportunity to make many social connections. |
| | B) | a Facebook user's self-selected profile information will attract others. |
| | C) | viewing one's own self-selected profile information increases self-esteem. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 26 | |
In the Gonzales and Hancock study, participants rated their self-esteem highest when: |
| | A) | they viewed and made changes to their own profiles for the duration of the study. |
| | B) | they viewed the profiles of Facebook friends. |
| | C) | they made supportive comments to friends. |
| | D) | friends posted supportive comments on their Facebook walls. |
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| 27 | |
A primary reason why many psychologist believe that the Dodo hypothesis is false stems from: |
| | A) | not combining various treatments for various disorders in the research. |
| | B) | reported measures that do not show the efficacy of treatments for specific disorders. |
| | C) | efficacy results that are reported without using meta-analysis as a research method. |
| | D) | a lack of representative efficacy trials. |
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| 28 | |
The Dodo hypothesis proposes that |
| | A) | the effects of psychotherapy are due to common factors. |
| | B) | technique does not significant when considering psychotherapy's effectiveness. |
| | C) | common factors and technique together account for how effective therapy is. |
| | D) | both a and b are correct. |
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| 29 | |
According to MacDonald and Webb, psychotherapists open the door to syncretism by choosing to: |
| | A) | align with one theory or model. |
| | B) | not think about what position they will take. |
| | C) | take an intentional eclectic or integration stance. |
| | D) | rejecting eclectic and single-theory approaches in favor of creating their own theory. |
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| 30 | |
Carter states that theoretical integration is problematic if it: |
| | A) | provides procedures for integrating diverse perspectives. |
| | B) | is associated with a single theoretical model. |
| | C) | becomes its own model. |
| | D) | becomes contextually applicable. |
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| 31 | |
Which of the following is NOT a reason that Costanzo, Gerrit and Lykes call for a cessation of the use of torture in interrogations? |
| | A) | Torture results in long-term negative consequences for the mental health of both survivors and perpetrators of torture. |
| | B) | The use of torture as an interrogation device is contrary to ethical standards of conduct for psychologists and is in violation of international law. |
| | C) | Torture, although quite effective for extracting reliable information from enemies, damages the reputation of the United States and creates hostility toward U.S. troops and citizens. |
| | D) | The use of torture undermines the credibility of the United States when it argues for international human rights. |
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| 32 | |
According to Costanzo, Gerrity and Lykes, what does research indicate about trained interrogators? |
| | A) | Overall, trained interrogators are able to detect deception in suspects much better than an average person can. |
| | B) | Specialized training in interrogation techniques increases the confidence of interrogators in their abilities to detect lying, but does not actually improve their ability to do so. |
| | C) | Some research suggests that interrogators have an increased tendency to believe that others are telling them the truth. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 33 | |
Which of the following statements would both Buss and Buller AGREE on? |
| | A) | The data collected by evolutionary psychologists in regard to female mating preferences can be interpreted in multiple ways. |
| | B) | Evolutionary psychologists have devoted much of their research efforts to investigating female mating preferences. |
| | C) | Women show a robust preference for high-status males. |
| | D) | A younger, successful, high-status female actress marrying an older, high-status, wealthy male actor would be an example of evolutionary mating preferences manifest in women today. |
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| 34 | |
David Buller mentions a study done by Townsend and Levy on Female mating preferences, which included models wearing different level SES costumes (including a low SES Burger King costume).Which of the following is proposed by Buller as a possible alternative to Townsend and Levy's interpretation of the results of their study? |
| | A) | Women have an evolved preference for men of high status and resources. |
| | B) | Women prefer men who are more physically attractive. |
| | C) | People prefer mates of comparable status. |
| | D) | a and b |
| | E) | b and c |
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| 35 | |
Carnes suggests that all of the following factors may be associated with sexual addiction except: |
| | A) | A high incidence of depression and suicide. |
| | B) | Extreme disruption of family, including battering, sexual abuse, and financial distress. |
| | C) | A diminished desire to engage in social activities. |
| | D) | The presence of high-risk and dangerous behaviors including self-harm. |
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| 36 | |
Carnes states that the goal of treatment for sexual addiction is: |
| | A) | Sexual aversion. |
| | B) | Healthy sexuality. |
| | C) | Recovery from all addictions. |
| | D) | Celibacy. |
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