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| 1 | |
Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., who believes that we need a common American identity, notes that all of the following are included in Irving Howe's list of figures central to American culture except |
| | A) | Homer. |
| | B) | the Bible. |
| | C) | Confucius. |
| | D) | Shakespeare. |
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| 2 | |
Michael Walzer, who does not believe that we need a common American identity, asserts that the group that comes closest to getting the "new order" right is the |
| | A) | nationalists. |
| | B) | nativists. |
| | C) | American communitarians. |
| | D) | cultural pluralists. |
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| 3 | |
In an effort to address the problem of illegal immigration from Latin America into the United States, President Bush has favored: |
| | A) | encouraging local law enforcement to demand proof of citizenship in all encounters. |
| | B) | cutting off diplomatic relationships with Latin American governments. |
| | C) | an open amnesty program for illegal immigrants. |
| | D) | a guest worker program for immigrants that could eventually lead to citizenship. |
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| 4 | |
Peter Brimelow, who does not believe that immigration contributes to a better America, characterizes current U.S. immigration policy as: |
| | A) | sensible, despite some problems. |
| | B) | Adolf Hitler’s posthumous revenge on America. |
| | C) | generally unfair to Asians and Hispanics, who represent the only desirable immigrants. |
| | D) | insufficient with regard to immigrating homosexuals and criminals. |
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| 5 | |
Charles A. Gallagher, who believes that recent immigration trends challenge existing ideas of America's white identity, found all of the following conclusions in his study of Asians and blacks except |
| | A) | Asians start out with much more than blacks, which aids their upward mobility. |
| | B) | whites view Asians as model minorities driven to assimilate. |
| | C) | Asians are more accepted by whites because their clothing is "nonthreatening." |
| | D) | more Asians than blacks make attempts to "fit in." |
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| 6 | |
Ellis Cose, who does not believe that recent immigration trends challenge existing ideas of America's white identity, contends that America's "cult of whiteness" is about |
| | A) | hair texture. |
| | B) | skin color. |
| | C) | where the line is drawn between those who could be admitted to the mainstream and those who could not. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 7 | |
Carlos Fuentes, who believes that today's immigration debate is anti-Latino (racist), recalls studying as a child in America and reading in the encyclopedia that one reason for Mexican poverty is the predominance of |
| | A) | anti-Mexican racism. |
| | B) | laziness. |
| | C) | racial inferiority. |
| | D) | refusal to assimilate. |
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| 8 | |
According to Samuel P. Huntington, who does not believe that today's immigration debate is anti-Latino (racist), polls in the 1990s revealed that the least important factor in changing Americans' opinion about immigration was |
| | A) | way of life. |
| | B) | economic concerns. |
| | C) | culture. |
| | D) | crime. |
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| 9 | |
According to Herbert Blumer, who believes that race prejudice is a product of group position, the subordinate racial group is |
| | A) | an abstract image. |
| | B) | a negative image. |
| | C) | an objective image. |
| | D) | a subjective image. |
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| 10 | |
With regard to learning prejudice, Gordon W. Allport, who does not believe that race prejudice is a product of group position, asserts that after a period of total rejection, what sets in is a stage of |
| | A) | overgeneralization. |
| | B) | apathy. |
| | C) | differentiation. |
| | D) | acceptance. |
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| 11 | |
Beverly Daniel Tatum, who believes that minorities engage in self-segregation, suggests ways in which black students cope with their "blackness," including all of the following except |
| | A) | adopting oppositional identity. |
| | B) | engaging in racelessness. |
| | C) | rejecting black culture. |
| | D) | becoming an emissary. |
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| 12 | |
Peter Beinart, who does not believe that minorities engage in self-segregation, asserts that for conservatives, multiculturalism is about |
| | A) | a chance to be free from racial oppression. |
| | B) | money. |
| | C) | religion. |
| | D) | political power. |
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| 13 | |
Ward Connerly, who believes that the emphasis on a color-blind society is an answer to racism, states that he is preparing to place the Racial Privacy Initiative (RPI) before California voters that would prohibit governments in California from classifying individuals by |
| | A) | color. |
| | B) | ethnicity. |
| | C) | national origin. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 14 | |
Which one of the following comments might Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, who does not believe that the emphasis on a color-blind society is an answer to racism, hear as a reflection of his view of "racism lite"? |
| | A) | God placed minorities in the world in a servile position. |
| | B) | Minorities are behind because they don't work hard enough. |
| | C) | Interracial marriage is just wrong. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 15 | |
With regard to what to do about racism in the future, Paul Kivel, who believes that white skin privilege still exists in American society, would advise |
| | A) | blacks and whites to work together to eliminate it. |
| | B) | blacks not to dwell on it. |
| | C) | whites to talk about it. |
| | D) | blacks to deny it. |
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| 16 | |
Tim Wise, who does not believe that white skin privilege still exists in American society, concludes that whites in every generation have thought that the problem with racism was |
| | A) | the fault of blacks themselves. |
| | B) | able to be solved by civil rights legislation. |
| | C) | more about politics than human rights. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 17 | |
According to Derrick Bell, who believes that racism is a permanent feature of American society, before the Brown era, blacks |
| | A) | did not need to know the difference between friend and foe. |
| | B) | were more discriminated against. |
| | C) | comprised the group most victimized by discrimination. |
| | D) | knew who their enemies were. |
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| 18 | |
Dinesh D'Souza, who does not believe that racism is a permanent feature of American society, sees racism as |
| | A) | an opinion. |
| | B) | a sin. |
| | C) | a character flaw. |
| | D) | a tool of government. |
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| 19 | |
Scott Johnson, who believes that racial profiling is a defensible public policy, finds anti-profilers' campaigns against law enforcement "bizarre" because |
| | A) | they give law enforcement the impression of weakness. |
| | B) | causing police to fear bad arrest data will cause them to perform their jobs more poorly. |
| | C) | they prevent police from using racial profiling as a tool, which may make police officers decide that minorities are not worth the trouble to protect. |
| | D) | minorities are vastly more likely to be victims of crimes. |
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| 20 | |
According to David A. Harris, who does not believe that racial profiling is a defensible public policy, Robert Wilkins, while traveling back from a funeral with his family, was stopped for |
| | A) | having too many passengers in the car. |
| | B) | fitting a written profile by Maryland State Police. |
| | C) | a broken taillight. |
| | D) | suspicion of drug trafficking. |
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| 21 | |
What Adolph Reed and Stephen Steinberg, who believe that Hurricane Katrina exposed racism in New Orleans, find most sinister about "moving to opportunity" programs is that they |
| | A) | create new ghettoes. |
| | B) | are sanctioned by some of the most prominent names in social science. |
| | C) | give the government an excuse not to provide benefits to the poor. |
| | D) | are enacted in places where blacks occupy valuable real estate. |
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| 22 | |
Shelby Steele, who does not believe that Hurricane Katrina exposed racism in New Orleans, believes that to erase the inferiority that oppression left blacks with, blacks first have to |
| | A) | challenge the feeling of inferiority. |
| | B) | acknowledge the inferiority to themselves. |
| | C) | break the cycle of poverty. |
| | D) | deny that black inferiority exists. |
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| 23 | |
The U.S. federal government created the reservation system for Native Americans in order to: |
| | A) | protect Native cultures. |
| | B) | allow autonomous, tribal self-rule. |
| | C) | clear areas of land for white settlement. |
| | D) | end violent conflicts between various tribes. |
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| 24 | |
Indian reservations, Frank Pommersheim explains, are often described as islands of: |
| | A) | poverty. |
| | B) | lawlessness. |
| | C) | sacred beauty. |
| | D) | separateness from the rest of the country. |
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| 25 | |
Gary Orfield and Susan E. Eaton, who believe that America's schools and neighborhoods are resegregated, contend that segregation efforts were hampered in the North because |
| | A) | "Yankees" are more resistant to change than Southerners. |
| | B) | manpower was concentrated in the South. |
| | C) | Northern schools were more likely to comprise larger school districts. |
| | D) | complex school policies meant it took years to prove guilt. |
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| 26 | |
According to Ingrid Gould Ellen, who does not believe that America's schools and neighborhoods are resegregated, the best theory for why some mixed neighborhoods remain integrated is that |
| | A) | there has been a decrease in race prejudice. |
| | B) | residential decisions are shaped by racial attitudes. |
| | C) | communities are more stable when black and white resident have similar incomes. |
| | D) | neighborhoods with fewer minority residents are more likely to be stable. |
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| 27 | |
The outcomes of bilingual education programs, as explained by Kendra Hamilton, are often jeopardized by the: |
| | A) | size of bilingual classes. |
| | B) | variety of native languages students bring with them. |
| | C) | outdated textbooks students are forced to use. |
| | D) | poor quality of the instruction. |
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| 28 | |
Rosalie Pedalino Porter, who does not believe that bilingual education programs help non-English-speaking children succeed, states that most parents of English-limited students think their children should be: |
| | A) | taught primarily in their native language. |
| | B) | taught subjects in English. |
| | C) | taught about their native culture. |
| | D) | both a and c. |
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| 29 | |
Walter Benn Michaels believes that the emphasis on diversity and race obscures the scientific reality that: |
| | A) | individuals are far more diverse genetically than race alone would indicate. |
| | B) | there really is only a single race, to which all people belong. |
| | C) | age and gender are far more meaningful distinctions than race. |
| | D) | all people have unique strengths and weaknesses. |
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| 30 | |
A critical orientation towards diversity has arisen with the post-Civil Rights era and the rise of: |
| | A) | strong partisan ideology. |
| | B) | anti-immigrant sentiment. |
| | C) | educational standards and testing. |
| | D) | conservative ideology among a larger segment of the public. |
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| 31 | |
For David A. Bell, who believes that Asian Americans are a model minority, the most spectacular development with regard to Asian Americans is their entry into |
| | A) | the health field. |
| | B) | the U.S. stock market. |
| | C) | white-collar professions. |
| | D) | universities. |
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| 32 | |
Frank H. Wu, who does not believe that Asian Americans are a model minority, maintains that the model minority myth should be rejected because it |
| | A) | is a gross simplification that should not be used for understanding 10 million people. |
| | B) | conceals within it an invidious statement about African Americans. |
| | C) | is abused both to deny racial discrimination and to turn Asian Americans into a racial threat. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 33 | |
White Americans tend to view the controversy over Latin American immigration in terms of all of the following except: |
| | A) | identity politics. |
| | B) | increased crime. |
| | C) | religious challenges. |
| | D) | welfare dependency. |
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| 34 | |
In his article, Douglas P. Woodward has found that African American workers have suffered economic losses in South Carolina as a result of Latin American immigration in all of the following areas except: |
| | A) | healthcare. |
| | B) | construction. |
| | C) | animal slaughtering. |
| | D) | landscaping. |
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| 35 | |
According to William G. Bowen and Neil L. Rudenstine, who believe that race should be included among the many factors considered for admission to selective colleges, a group that is more advantaged in the admissions process than are minority candidates is |
| | A) | students that add geographic diversity to the student body. |
| | B) | children of alumni. |
| | C) | recruited athletes. |
| | D) | students who have overcome special obstacles. |
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| 36 | |
Roger Clegg, who does not believe that race should be included among the many factors considered for admission to selective colleges, contends that the more the use of racial preferences is made public, the |
| | A) | less prevalent such practices will become. |
| | B) | less discriminating such practices will become. |
| | C) | more secretive colleges and universities will become. |
| | D) | more such practices will be challenged legally. |
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| 37 | |
Robert Staples, who believes that affirmative action is necessary to achieve racial equality in the United States today, asserts that most of the benefits of affirmative action programs go to |
| | A) | black females. |
| | B) | black males. |
| | C) | white females. |
| | D) | white males. |
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| 38 | |
Roger Clegg, who does not believe that affirmative action is necessary to achieve racial equality in the United States today, asserts that there is a collision between law and common practice in higher education at the employment process stage of |
| | A) | posting job notices. |
| | B) | offering graduate fellowships. |
| | C) | defining the applicant pool. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 39 | |
Critical to the process of underdevelopment of black America, says Robert L. Allen, who believes that now is the time for reparations for African Americans, was |
| | A) | a lack of educational equality. |
| | B) | the role of the state. |
| | C) | Virginia landholders' need for cheap labor. |
| | D) | Democratic party politics. |
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| 40 | |
The editors of The Economist, who do not believe that now is the time for reparations for African Americans, the legal idea of a crime against humanity |
| | A) | is unconstitutional. |
| | B) | is unenforceable at the state level. |
| | C) | was invented decades after slavery was banned in America. |
| | D) | has little to do with slavery, as slaves were not considered human. |
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