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| 1 | |
According to Francesca T. Grifo, the United States has enjoyed prosperity and health because of its strong and sustained commitment to: |
| | A) | Christian morality. |
| | B) | government policies that support business. |
| | C) | independent science. |
| | D) | all the above. |
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| 2 | |
According to Francesca T. Grifo, scientific input to the government __________ in public policy decisions. |
| | A) | is rarely the only factor |
| | B) | should be the chief factor |
| | C) | should be outweighed by presidential priorities |
| | D) | is never much of a factor |
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| 3 | |
According to J. Scott Turner, ID proponents claim that a better explanation than Darwinism for the origin and evolution of life must involve: |
| | A) | God. |
| | B) | some kind of designing intelligence. |
| | C) | a thorough understanding of genetics. |
| | D) | natural selection. |
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| 4 | |
According to J. Scott Turner, to most people it seems self-evident that: |
| | A) | the world is a designed place. |
| | B) | living things evolve. |
| | C) | there is no god. |
| | D) | Christian dogma belongs in public schools. |
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| 5 | |
According to Lawrence Lessig, the innovation and explosive growth of the Internet are directly linked to: |
| | A) | the arrival of broadband connectivity. |
| | B) | the end-to-end principle. |
| | C) | the recognition that consumers have a right to access content of their choice. |
| | D) | the recognition that consumers should be free to attach personal devices of their choice. |
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| 6 | |
According to Lawrence Lessig, a net neutrality law should prevent service providers from: |
| | A) | discriminating among content providers according to the nature of their content. |
| | B) | erecting toll booths in Internet cafes. |
| | C) | charging consumers according to the nature of the content they wish access to. |
| | D) | taking sides in political debates. |
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| 7 | |
According to Roger Angel, if disastrous climate change driven by global warming becomes likely (or even in progress), then ______________ will become an emergency priority. |
| | A) | drastically reducing emissions of greenhouse gases |
| | B) | adding sulfate to the stratosphere |
| | C) | reducing heat input to the Earth |
| | D) | putting reflective spacecraft in orbit |
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| 8 | |
According to Roger Angel, the yearly cost of the orbiting
"sunshade" project he analyzes would be about: |
| | A) | $1000 billion. |
| | B) | $100 billion. |
| | C) | $100 million. |
| | D) | $10 million. |
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| 9 | |
According to Iain Murray, the arguments of anti-nuclear activists Revolve around which of the following propositions? |
| | A) | Nuclear power plants are dangerous because they can blow up or melt down. |
| | B) | Nuclear waste is extremely and persistently dangerous. |
| | C) | Nuclear power and nuclear weapons are intrinsically linked. |
| | D) | All the above. |
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| 10 | |
According to Iain Murray, the statement that low doses of radiation are a hazard to human health is: |
| | A) | very well documented. |
| | B) | mere assumption. |
| | C) | an overstatement. |
| | D) | an understatement. |
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| 11 | |
According to David L. Bodde, which of the following is NOT among the three chief alternative engine technologies for future automobiles? |
| | A) | internal combustion engines |
| | B) | hybrid-electric engines |
| | C) | hydrogen-fuel cell engines |
| | D) | all-electric engines |
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| 12 | |
According to David L. Bodde, a key marketplace barrier unique to hydrogen vehicles is: |
| | A) | available supplies of fuel. |
| | B) | safety. |
| | C) | fuel-production technology. |
| | D) | air pollution. |
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| 13 | |
According to Michael Meyer, who thinks population decline will lessen the quality of life for people, the factor that is shaping the future of the human population is: |
| | A) | people are having more and more children. |
| | B) | people have stopped having children. |
| | C) | people are having fewer and fewer children. |
| | D) | people are living longer. |
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| 14 | |
According to Michael Meyer, who thinks population decline will lessen the quality of life for people, fertility rates are declining and after about 2050: |
| | A) | population will begin to drop rapidly. |
| | B) | population will level off. |
| | C) | population growth will increase faster than ever. |
| | D) | people will be extinct. |
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| 15 | |
According to George Louis Carlo and Martin Schram, a cause-effect linkage between cell phones and cancer is strengthened by: |
| | A) | biological explanation for the effect. |
| | B) | agreement across several studies. |
| | C) | exposure preceding illness. |
| | D) | variation in risk with variation in exposure. |
| | E) | all the above. |
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| 16 | |
According to George Louis Carlo and Martin Schram, the best way to describe the link between cell phones and cancer is: |
| | A) | definite, strong cause-effect connection. |
| | B) | the beginnings of an alarming picture. |
| | C) | no sign of a cause-effect connection at all. |
| | D) | just enough hint of a cause-effect link to justify further research. |
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| 17 | |
According to Anne Platt McGinn, the malaria death toll rivals that of AIDS but: |
| | A) | much more money is dedicated to this disease. |
| | B) | the disease receives much less attention from politicians and researchers. |
| | C) | it is not preventable. |
| | D) | it is constantly in the news. |
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| 18 | |
According to Anne Platt McGinn, the preferred approach to malaria control is: |
| | A) | killing the mosquitoes that carry the parasite. |
| | B) | killing the parasite once it infects humans. |
| | C) | keeping the parasite from infecting mosquitoes. |
| | D) | keeping mosquitoes from biting people. |
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| 19 | |
According to John Balbus, et al., who favor careful, early risk assessment, the development and commercialization of nanotechnology: |
| | A) | is being held back by demands for risk assessment and government regulation. |
| | B) | has many manufacturers worried about the future survival of their industries. |
| | C) | is progressing faster than efforts to understand safety implications. |
| | D) | is spurring the rapid development of government regulations. |
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| 20 | |
According to John Balbus, et al., who favor careful, early risk assessment, when particles of material are reduced in size to the nanoscale, the following property(ies) may change, perhaps drastically: |
| | A) | surface chemistry. |
| | B) | chemical reactivity. |
| | C) | electrical conductivity. |
| | D) | all the above. |
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| 21 | |
According to Henry I. Miller and Gregory Conko, genetic engineering can help prevent illness due to food contamination by: |
| | A) | fumonisin. |
| | B) | ergot fungus. |
| | C) | mercury. |
| | D) | E. coli bacteria. |
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| 22 | |
According to Henry I. Miller and Gregory Conko, in 1999 the Gerber foods company announced that its baby food products would no longer contain any genetically modified ingredients because: |
| | A) | pro-breast-feeding activists exerted pressure. |
| | B) | anti-GM activists exerted pressure. |
| | C) | GM ingredients had caused disease and created legal liability. |
| | D) | government regulators insisted. |
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| 23 | |
According to J. Anthony Tyson, the most efficient tool for comprehensive NEO detection and tracking is: |
| | A) | sensitive radar equipment on satellites. |
| | B) | an International Space Patrol (ISP). |
| | C) | moon-based telescopes. |
| | D) | ground-based optical surveys. |
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| 24 | |
According to J. Anthony Tyson, large telescopes are required to locate NEOs because: |
| | A) | there are so many NEOs out there that only a wide fiend of view can get the job done in reasonable time. |
| | B) | a typical 140-meter NEO appears very faint in a telescope view. |
| | C) | large telescopes provide room for more astronomers to work at the same time. |
| | D) | Congress would never fund a small telescope. |
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| 25 | |
Radio astronomer and SETI researcher Seth Shostak, who believes we must maintain the search for ET, thinks that with reasonably projected improvements in detection technology, we: |
| | A) | are unlikely to detect extraterrestrial intelligent signals. |
| | B) | are bound to attract extraterrestrial attention and visits. |
| | C) | will abandon SETI because of the rising expense. |
| | D) | are likely to detect extraterrestrial signals within a few decades. |
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| 26 | |
According to Seth Shostak, a reasonable (conservative) estimate of the number of extraterrestrial signal sources or transmitters is: |
| | A) | 10 – 100. |
| | B) | 100 - 1,000. |
| | C) | 1,000 - 10,000. |
| | D) | 10,000 - 1,000,000. |
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| 27 | |
According to Neil deGrasse Tyson, the chief driver for large expensive projects such as manned space exploration is NOT: |
| | A) | the celebration of royal or religious power |
| | B) | the pursuit of national destiny |
| | C) | war |
| | D) | greed |
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| 28 | |
According to Neil deGrasse Tyson, attempts to foretell the future come in two flavors: doubt and delirium. "Delirium," as he uses the word, is most akin to: |
| | A) | schizophrenia |
| | B) | delusions |
| | C) | excessive optimism |
| | D) | excessive pessimism |
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| 29 | |
According to Christof Koch and Giulio Tononi, what kind of phenomenon is human consciousness? |
| | A) | spiritual |
| | B) | biological |
| | C) | natural |
| | D) | artificial |
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| 30 | |
According to Christof Koch and Giulio Tononi, human consciousness does NOT require what part(s) of the human brain? |
| | A) | the cerebellum |
| | B) | the cerebral cortex |
| | C) | the thalamus |
| | D) | the hypothalamic goiter |
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| 31 | |
According to Amitai Etzioni, the relationship between technology and privacy is best viewed as: |
| | A) | occasion for alarm because surveillance technologies threaten the end of privacy. |
| | B) | a nonissue. |
| | C) | occasion for alarm because privacy concerns are holding back technological development. |
| | D) | an arms race. |
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| 32 | |
According to Amitai Etzioni, many people tend not to mind personal data collection as long as they feel informed about the collector, the possible gains or repercussions of releasing the information, and the safety measures put into place. These people are known as: |
| | A) | privacy pragmatists. |
| | B) | privacy fundamentalists. |
| | C) | privacy liberals. |
| | D) | privacy unconcerned. |
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| 33 | |
According to Brendan Rapple, digital full-text databases such as ECCO are: |
| | A) | freely available via Google. |
| | B) | so expensive that only wealthy schools can afford them. |
| | C) | affordable for individual scholars. |
| | D) | available via Yahoo but not Google. |
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| 34 | |
According to Brendan Rapple, Google's adding millions of library books to its searchable database should result in: |
| | A) | people looking for information getting more quality hits. |
| | B) | the destruction of copyright. |
| | C) | increased income for libraries. |
| | D) | increased income for publishers. |
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| 35 | |
According to John J. Miller, the target attacked by terrorists on September 7, 2005, was: |
| | A) | the World Trade Center. |
| | B) | the New York Stock Exchange. |
| | C) | the Life Sciences Research company. |
| | D) | Columbia University. |
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| 36 | |
According to John J. Miller, animal rights terrorism includes such tactics as: |
| | A) | property destruction. |
| | B) | physical assaults. |
| | C) | harassment of animal researchers and their associates. |
| | D) | all the above. |
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| 37 | |
Julian Savulescu lists twelve arguments in favor of human reproductive cloning. Which of the following is not among the twelve? |
| | A) | It enhances freedom to make personal reproductive choices. |
| | B) | It allows eugenic selection. |
| | C) | It can be socially useful to clone important people. |
| | D) | It can provide human cells or tissue for transplant. |
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| 38 | |
According to Julian Savulescu, the need for cells, tissues, and organs for transplantation: |
| | A) | is already adequately met by voluntary donations. |
| | B) | could be adequately met if U.S. law permitted "harvesting" of condemned prisoners. |
| | C) | is adequately met at present but the demand is expected to rise. |
| | D) | is met very poorly at present, and the shortfall in organ supply is getting worse. |
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| 39 | |
According to Ralph Oman, in the debate over whether NIH should be able to require researchers to put their reports in PubMed Central, three key questions must be answered. Which of the following is not among those questions? |
| | A) | What policy will result in the broadest dissemination of high quality, peer-reviewed scholarly articles? |
| | B) | What policy will result in the greatest income to authors? |
| | C) | Is the NIH correct in its assumption that the STM publishers will continue to publish their journals even if they lose 50 percent of their paid subscriptions? |
| | D) | Is it fair for the U.S. government to appropriate the value-added contributions of the private STM publishers? |
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| 40 | |
According to Ralph Oman, open access publishing will in time: |
| | A) | destroy the market for scientific, technical, and medical journals. |
| | B) | strengthen the market for scientific, technical, and medical journals. |
| | C) | destroy the research enterprise. |
| | D) | invalidate the concept of peer review. |
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| 41 | |
According to M. J. McNamee and S. D. Edwards, Francis Fukuyama has called transhumanism: |
| | A) | the wave of the future. |
| | B) | the world's most dangerous idea. |
| | C) | inevitable. |
| | D) | a threat to sustainable development. |
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| 42 | |
According to M. J. McNamee and S. D. Edwards, advocates of "strong transhumanism" see themselves as engaged in a project aimed at: |
| | A) | overcoming the limits of human nature. |
| | B) | immortality. |
| | C) | space colonization. |
| | D) | making The Matrix real. |
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