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| 1 | |
According to Oscar Handlin, who believes that historical truth is absolute and knowable, the historian's commitment to the value of objectivity in reconstructing the human past is a product of the |
| | A) | Enlightenment. |
| | B) | ancient Greeks. |
| | C) | Middle Ages. |
| | D) | late twentieth century. |
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| 2 | |
According to William H. McNeill, who does not believe that historical truth is absolute, historians should develop a history that |
| | A) | emphasizes the distinctions between "us" and "them." |
| | B) | is ecumenical and which identifies the triumphs and tribulations of humanity as a whole. |
| | C) | is unique to a single national group. |
| | D) | ignores human diversity. |
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| 3 | |
According to Colin G. Calloway, who believes that disease was the key factor in the depopulation of Native Americans, |
| | A) | Indian doctors possessed traditional healing cures that provided protection against new diseases introduced by Europeans. |
| | B) | Europeans were adversely effected by diseases they contracted from Native Americans. |
| | C) | Native Americans possessed immunological resistance to European diseases. |
| | D) | From the moment of European arrival in the New World, Native Americans were doomed to a devastating depopulation as a consequence of the introduction of European diseases. |
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| 4 | |
According to David S. Jones, who does not believe that disease was the key factor in the depopulation of Native Americans, |
| | A) | Indians were not affected by European diseases at all. |
| | B) | Native Americans carried similar biological immunities as the white colonists. |
| | C) | depopulation was the by-product of several factors, including poverty and malnutrition, that produced mental and physical stress on indigenous peoples. |
| | D) | None of the above |
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| 5 | |
According to Carol Karlsen, who believes that the Salem witchcraft hysteria was caused by a fear of women, |
| | A) | Anne Hutchinson was the first woman in Massachusetts accused of witchcraft. |
| | B) | the accusations of witchcraft were made primarily by middle-class males. |
| | C) | the belief that women were evil existed at the core of Puritan culture. |
| | D) | religion played no role in the witchcraft hysteria. |
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| 6 | |
According to Mary Beth Norton, who does not believe that the Salem witchcraft hysteria was caused by a fear of women, |
| | A) | the tensions in Salem were a product of colonial conflict with England. |
| | B) | the events in Salem were grounded in frontier disputes with Native Americans and the French in northern New England. |
| | C) | conflicts between residents of Salem Town and Salem Village. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 7 | |
Nathan Hatch, who believes that the American Revolution did produce a Christian nation, argues that |
| | A) | the Constitution of the United States was based on Christian principles. |
| | B) | evangelical Christianity reinforced the democratic impulses of the new nation. |
| | C) | the Founding Fathers actively promoted adherence to Christianity. |
| | D) | the new government of the United States was a theocracy. |
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| 8 | |
Jon Butler says that revolutionary America was not a "Christian nation" because |
| | A) | the revolutionary leaders of the country were atheists. |
| | B) | God was never mentioned in the Declaration of Independence or the Constitution of the United States. |
| | C) | most Americans opposed a Christian national identity enforced by law or governmental action. |
| | D) | the majority of Americans were not Christians. |
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| 9 | |
According to John P. Roche, who believes that the Founding Fathers were democratic reformers, the primary motive for writing the Constitution was |
| | A) | political. |
| | B) | social. |
| | C) | economic. |
| | D) | military. |
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| 10 | |
Howard Zinn, who does not believe that the Founding Fathers were democratic reformers, contends that they were actually |
| | A) | seasoned statesmen. |
| | B) | narrow-minded politicians motivated only by local issues. |
| | C) | elitists motivated by their own economic concerns. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 11 | |
Drew McCoy, who considers James Madison an effective wartime president, says that Madison |
| | A) | was a man of integrity who displayed bravery in confronting both his domestic detractors and the nation’s military foes. |
| | B) | dramatically expanded the power of the wartime presidency. |
| | C) | supported repressive legislation to stifle his opponents. |
| | D) | prevented the British from invading Washington, D.C. |
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| 12 | |
Donald Hickey, who does not consider James Madison an effective wartime president, claims that Madison |
| | A) | lied to the American people about the reasons for going to war against England. |
| | B) | failed to provide bold and vigorous leadership. |
| | C) | sought financial support from Federalists to pursue the war. |
| | D) | should have declared war on France, not England. |
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| 13 | |
According to Professor Wilentz, the 1828 presidential election |
| | A) | led to the development of the two-party system of the 1830s. |
| | B) | was not as important as the 1840 presidential election in attracting a large number of voters to the polls. |
| | C) | was fought over distinct ideological issues. |
| | D) | pointed out weaknesses in the manner in which we elect our presidents. |
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| 14 | |
According to Professor McCormick, the 1828 presidential election |
| | A) | led to the development of the two-party system of the 1830s. |
| | B) | was not as important as the 1840 presidential election in attracting a large number of voters to the polls. |
| | C) | was fought over distinct ideological issues. |
| | D) | pointed out weaknesses in the manner in which we elect our presidents. |
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| 15 | |
According to Professor Lerner, when women entered the factory in the 1830s, the gap between middle class and working class women |
| | A) | narrowed. |
| | B) | widened. |
| | C) | remained the same. |
| | D) | did none of the above. |
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| 16 | |
According to Professor Dublin, the women who worked in the Lowell textile mills |
| | A) | developed a sense of community among themselves. |
| | B) | were individualists with little sense of community. |
| | C) | believed that eventually they would get married. |
| | D) | both a and c |
| | E) | both b and c |
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| 17 | |
According to C. Vann Woodward, who believes that John Brown was an irrational terrorist, Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia |
| | A) | encouraged northern abolitionists to plan other armed assaults against slavery. |
| | B) | incited slaves to rebel throughout Virginia. |
| | C) | was denounced by most northern intellectuals. |
| | D) | was a tragic and dismal failure. |
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| 18 | |
According to David S. Reynolds, who does not believe that John Brown was an irrational terrorist, Brown was committed to |
| | A) | anarchy. |
| | B) | producing a civil war between the North and the South. |
| | C) | strengthening the institution of slavery in the South. |
| | D) | creating a democratic society that assigned full rights to all. |
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| 19 | |
According to Charles B. Dew, who believes that slavery was the key issue in the sectional conflict leading to the Civil War, bases his conclusion on the speeches and letters of |
| | A) | Jefferson Davis. |
| | B) | Abraham Lincoln. |
| | C) | southern secession commissioners. |
| | D) | Frederick Douglass. |
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| 20 | |
According to Joel H. Silbey, who believes that slavery was not the key issue in the sectional conflict leading to the Civil War, historians have _____________________ of the Civil War. |
| | A) | too often blamed blundering politicians as the chief cause |
| | B) | neglected local ethnocultural issues as a cause |
| | C) | accused southern slaves themselves for the start |
| | D) | stressed local issues as more important than national issues as causes |
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| 21 | |
According to Stephen B. Oates, who believes that Abraham Lincoln was the individual most responsible for freeing the slaves, agrees with Vincent Harding that southern slaves |
| | A) | were waiting for Lincoln to free them. |
| | B) | paid no attention to the Emancipation Proclamation. |
| | C) | were engaged in self-liberation. |
| | D) | preferred bondage to freedom. |
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| 22 | |
According to Vincent Harding, who does not believe that Abraham Lincoln freed the slaves, African Americans participated in an effort to abolish slavery in all of the following ways except |
| | A) | volunteering for service to the Union. |
| | B) | engaging in massive insurrections. |
| | C) | fleeing the plantations for Union lines. |
| | D) | encouraging slaves to leave their masters. |
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| 23 | |
George M. Fredrickson, who argues that Radical Reconstruction failed as a result of racism, focuses his attention on white commitments, North and South, to |
| | A) | provide full equality for former slaves. |
| | B) | support the doctrine of white supremacy. |
| | C) | the Ku Klux Klan. |
| | D) | the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments. |
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| 24 | |
Heather Cox Richardson, who does not believe that Reconstruction failed as a result of racism, argues instead that Reconstruction ideals fell victim to |
| | A) | the real limitations of African Americans to contribute to the national economy. |
| | B) | the violence of the Ku Klux Klan. |
| | C) | the lack of commitment by the national government to voting rights for blacks. |
| | D) | a national commitment to the free-labor ideology that prevented the central government from legislating rights for African Americans that other citizens had acquired through hard work. |
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