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| 1 | |
According to Oscar Handlin, who believes that historical truth is absolute and knowable, the historian's commitment to the value of objectivity in reconstructing the human past is a product of the |
| | A) | Enlightenment. |
| | B) | ancient Greeks. |
| | C) | Middle Ages. |
| | D) | late twentieth century. |
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| 2 | |
According to William H. McNeill, who does not believe that historical truth is absolute, historians should develop a history that |
| | A) | emphasizes the distinctions between "us" and "them." |
| | B) | is ecumenical and which identifies the triumphs and tribulations of humanity as a whole. |
| | C) | is unique to a single national group. |
| | D) | ignores human diversity. |
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| 3 | |
Gavin Menzies, who argues that the Chinese discovered America, says that |
| | A) | these Chinese discoverers left no evidence of their contact. |
| | B) | these Chinese explorers built a palace in honor of their emperor along the coast of Nova Scotia. |
| | C) | the California coastline is full of evidence of these Chinese voyages. |
| | D) | these explorers established permanent residence along the Sacramento River. |
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| 4 | |
Robert Finlay, who insists that the Chinese did not discover America, says that |
| | A) | the Chinese did not have any navy at the time of their alleged discovery. |
| | B) | Columbus was aware of these Chinese voyages. |
| | C) | the voyages described by Menzies were confined to South America and did not extend to the area that is now the continental United States. |
| | D) | all of the evidence presented by Menzies for these Chinese fleets is baseless. |
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| 5 | |
According to Colin G. Calloway, who believes that disease was the key factor in the depopulation of Native Americans, |
| | A) | Indian doctors possessed traditional healing cures that provided protection against new diseases introduced by Europeans |
| | B) | Europeans were adversely effected by diseases they contracted from Native Americans |
| | C) | Native Americans possessed immunological resistance to European diseases |
| | D) | From the moment of European arrival in the New World, Native Americans were doomed to a devastating depopulation as a consequence of the introduction of European diseases |
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| 6 | |
According to David S. Jones, who does not believe that disease was the key factor in the depopulation of Native Americans, |
| | A) | Indians were not affected by European diseases at all |
| | B) | Native Americans carried similar biological immunities as the white colonists |
| | C) | Depopulation was the by-product of several factors, including poverty and malnutrition, that produced mental and physical stress on indigenous peoples |
| | D) | None of the above |
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| 7 | |
According to Carol Karlsen, who believes that the Salem witchcraft hysteria was caused by a fear of women, |
| | A) | Anne Hutchinson was the first woman in Massachusetts accused of witchcraft |
| | B) | the accusations of witchcraft were made primarily by middle-class males |
| | C) | the belief that women were evil existed at the core of Puritan culture |
| | D) | religion played no role in the witchcraft hysteria |
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| 8 | |
According to Laurie Winn Carlson, who does not believe that the Salem witchcraft hysteria was caused by a fear of women, the tensions in Salem were a product of |
| | A) | colonial conflict with England |
| | B) | frontier disputes with Native Americans and the French in northern New England |
| | C) | conflicts between residents of Salem Town and Salem Village |
| | D) | an unrecognized epidemic of encephalitis |
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| 9 | |
According to Thomas Kidd, who believes that there was a Great Awakening in mid-eighteenth-century America, this series of religious revivals |
| | A) | took place only in New England |
| | B) | inspired the outbreak of the American Revolution |
| | C) | had no impact in Pennsylvania |
| | D) | gave birth to American evangelicalism |
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| 10 | |
Jon Butler, who does not believe that there was a Great Awakening in mid-eighteenth-century America, concludes that historians should |
| | A) | place more emphasis on the Great Awakening as the key to the Revolution. |
| | B) | abandon the term Great Awakening altogether. |
| | C) | stress the importance of the Enlightenment to the Revolution. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 11 | |
Neo-Whig historians believe that the major causes of the American Revolution were |
| | A) | military. |
| | B) | political and ideological. |
| | C) | social and economic. |
| | D) | none of the above. |
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| 12 | |
Strict constructionist interpretations of the American Revolution argue for |
| | A) | violent political and military changes of government. |
| | B) | deep societal changes. |
| | C) | revolutionary changes in transportation and communication. |
| | D) | revolutionary changes in religious beliefs. |
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| 13 | |
According to John P. Roche, who believes that the Founding Fathers were democratic reformers, the primary motive for writing the Constitution was |
| | A) | political. |
| | B) | social. |
| | C) | economic. |
| | D) | military. |
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| 14 | |
Howard Zinn, who does not believe that the Founding Fathers were democratic reformers, contends that they were actually |
| | A) | seasoned statesmen. |
| | B) | narrow-minded politicians motivated only by local issues. |
| | C) | elitists motivated by their own economic concerns. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 15 | |
The modern American monetary system was devised by |
| | A) | Alexander Hamilton |
| | B) | Thomas Jefferson |
| | C) | John Adams |
| | D) | George Washington |
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| 16 | |
The origins of the dollar lies in the _______ word for valley. |
| | A) | English |
| | B) | Dutch |
| | C) | French |
| | D) | German |
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| 17 | |
According to Robert Remini, who believes that Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy benefited Native Americans, Jackson did all of the following as president EXCEPT |
| | A) | appoint pro-removal officials to his administration. |
| | B) | seek Congressional approval for removal. |
| | C) | promise the Indians land and self-government. |
| | D) | support forced removal of the Indians from their homelands. |
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| 18 | |
According to Alfred Cave, who does not believe that Jackson's removal policy benefited Native Americans, Jackson |
| | A) | expected the states to extend land rights to the Indians. |
| | B) | attempted to protect Indians from speculators and swindlers. |
| | C) | refused to intervene to protect Cherokee self-government from actions taken by the State of Georgia. |
| | D) | supported the nation's prior treaty agreements with Native Americans. |
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| 19 | |
By the 1830s, according to Professor Gerda Lerner, women were able to become |
| | A) | lawyers. |
| | B) | doctors. |
| | C) | business managers. |
| | D) | none of the above. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 20 | |
According to Professor Nancy Cott, the changed role of "a separate sphere" for women in the 1830s |
| | A) | improved the status of women. |
| | B) | diminished the status of women. |
| | C) | both improved and diminished the status of women. |
| | D) | did none of the above. |
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| 21 | |
According to Mark Edward Lender and James Kirby Martin, who believe that antebellum temperance reform was motivated primarily by religious moralism, the event that most clearly stimulated this effort was |
| | A) | the Second Great Awakening. |
| | B) | John Brown's raid. |
| | C) | the War of 1812. |
| | D) | The inauguration of Andrew Jackson. |
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| 22 | |
According to John Rumbarger, who does not believe that antebellum temperance reform was motivated by religious moralism, the key objective of temperance reform was to |
| | A) | eradicate all the distilleries in the United States. |
| | B) | subjugate the immigrant Catholic population. |
| | C) | enhance the status of women. |
| | D) | increase worker productivity. |
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| 23 | |
Which one of the following terms best expresses the belief that the North American continent would become American territory? |
| | A) | Monroe Doctrine |
| | B) | Manifest Destiny |
| | C) | "Fifty-four-forty or fight" |
| | D) | "Remember the Alamo" |
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| 24 | |
According to Nugent, the Mexican War was caused by |
| | A) | Mexican soldiers stationing their troops on territory between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers. |
| | B) | American soldiers occupying the territory between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers. |
| | C) | American soldiers commencing fire on Mexican soldiers in the disputed area. |
| | D) | Mexican soldiers commencing fire on American soldiers in the disputed area. |
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| 25 | |
According to James N. Gilbert, who believes that John Brown was an irrational terrorist, Brown's actions |
| | A) | were no worse than those undertaken by other abolitionists. |
| | B) | were not comparable to those of modern day terrorists. |
| | C) | conform to modern definitions of terrorism and are comparable to recent acts of terrorism in the United States. |
| | D) | were consistent to later strategies adopted in the civil rights movement. |
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| 26 | |
According to Scott John Hammond, who does not believe that John Brown was a terrorist, Brown's ideas |
| | A) | conformed with the basic principles of America's founders. |
| | B) | were those of a madman. |
| | C) | were never transformed into action. |
| | D) | are fully consistent with those of the Taliban. |
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| 27 | |
Charles B. Dew, who believes that slavery was the key issue in the sectional conflict leading to the Civil War, bases his conclusion on the speeches and letters of |
| | A) | Jefferson Davis |
| | B) | Abraham Lincoln |
| | C) | southern secession commissioners |
| | D) | Frederick Douglass |
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| 28 | |
According to Marc Egnal, who believes that slavery was not the key issue in the sectional conflict leading to the Civil War, citizens in the Deep South states |
| | A) | were united in their support for secession. |
| | B) | opposed Jefferson Davis's presidency of the Confederacy. |
| | C) | who held slaves unanimously favored secession. |
| | D) | were divided over the wisdom of secession. |
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| 29 | |
According to Alan T. Nolan, who believes that Robert E. Lee is overrated as a general, Lee was nevertheless a brilliant |
| | A) | field commander. |
| | B) | grand strategist. |
| | C) | politician. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 30 | |
According to Gary W. Gallagher, who does not believe that Robert E. Lee is overrated as a general, Lee was a brilliant |
| | A) | strategist. |
| | B) | field commander. |
| | C) | both a and b |
| | D) | neither a nor b |
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| 31 | |
According to Philip Paludan, who believes that Abraham Lincoln was America's greatest president, Lincoln faced greater challenges than any other President of the United States in order to |
| | A) | strengthen the Republican Party. |
| | B) | maintain slavery where it existed. |
| | C) | punish southern secessionists. |
| | D) | protect and defend the Constitution. |
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| 32 | |
According to Melvin E. Bradford, who does not believe that Lincoln was America's greatest president, Lincoln |
| | A) | abused his presidential authority and engaged in misconduct. |
| | B) | should be congratulated for freeing the slaves. |
| | C) | was the person most responsible for the outbreak of the Civil War. |
| | D) | held the same views of slavery as did Jefferson Davis. |
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| 33 | |
George M. Fredrickson, who argues that Radical Reconstruction failed as a result of racism, focuses his attention on white commitments, North and South, to |
| | A) | provide full equality for former slaves |
| | B) | support the doctrine of white supremacy |
| | C) | the Ku Klux Klan |
| | D) | the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments |
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| 34 | |
Heather Cox Richardson, who does not believe that Reconstruction failed as a result of racism, argues instead that Reconstruction ideals fell victim to |
| | A) | the real limitations of African Americans to contribute to the national economy |
| | B) | the violence of the Ku Klux Klan |
| | C) | the lack of commitment by the national government to voting rights for blacks |
| | D) | a national commitment to the free-labor ideology that prevented the central government from legislating rights for African Americans that other citizens had acquired through hard work |
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