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1
LeeAnna Keith, who argues that Radical Reconstruction failed as a result of racism, says that the siege at Colfax Courthouse was brought on by white desires to
A)establish a biracial democracy in Louisiana.
B)reinstitute the slave system in the South.
C)protect themselves from African American attacks on white women.
D)uphold the doctrines of white supremacy and home rule.
2
Heather Cox Richardson, who does not believe that Reconstruction failed as a result of racism, argues instead that Reconstruction ideals fell victim to
A)the real limitations of African Americans to contribute to the national economy.
B)the violence of the Ku Klux Klan.
C)the lack of commitment by the national government to voting rights for blacks.
D)a national commitment to the free-labor ideology that prevented the central government from legislating rights for African Americans that other citizens had acquired through hard work.
3
Edward Ayers, who agrees that a "New South" did emerge in the wake of Reconstruction, concludes that
A)southern industrialization was even more successful than northern industrialization.
B)Charleston, South Carolina was the most heavily industrialized New South city.
C)southern industrial development made impressive strides after Reconstruction and touched the lives of millions of people living in the region.
D)black southerners benefitted from industrial growth more than their white counterparts.
4
James Moore Tice, who does not believe that a "New South" emerged after Reconstruction, insists that
A)the Republican Party continued to dominate the state governments of the South even after Reconstruction.
B)former Whigs controlled most of the southern state governments.
C)the "Redeemers" abandoned their antebellum rural traditions.
D)after Reconstruction, agriculturally-oriented elites dominated the governments of the New South just as they had in the antebellum period.
5
According to Professor Howard Zinn, the late nineteenth century men of big business were:
A)"robber barons."
B)entrepreneurial statesmen.
C)organizational geniuses.
D)crisis managers.
E)both b and c.
6
According to business writer John Steele Gordon, the late nineteenth century men of big business were:
A)"robber barons."
B)entrepreneurial statesmen.
C)organizational geniuses.
D)crisis managers.
E)both b and c.
7
According to Carl N. Degler, who believes that American workers in the Gilded Age were conservative capitalists, the event that led to the demise of the Knights of Labor was the
A)railroad strike of 1877.
B)Haymarket Square Riot of 1886.
C)Homestead Steel Strike of 1892.
D)Pullman Car Strike of 1894.
8
According to Herbert G. Gutman, who does not believe that American workers in the Gilded Age were conservative capitalists, traditional labor history gives a distorted picture of the worker because it
A)discusses only the Knights of Labor union movement.
B)discusses only the American Federation of Labor.
C)fails to discuss the socialist and anarchist movements.
D)fails to discuss nonunion workers.
9
According to Oscar Handlin, who believes that nineteenth-century immigrants to the United States were "uprooted" from their Old World cultures, life in the United States:
A)was exactly what the immigrants had anticipated when they left their homelands.
B)created as much alienation for the immigrants as their native land.
C)prevented immigrants from quickly assimilating to American mores.
D)was so hostile that immigrants quickly returned to their homelands.
10
According to Mark Wyman, who does not believe that late-nineteenth-century immigrants were "uprooted" from their Old World cultures, a majority of these immigrants:
A)quickly forgot their Old World customs.
B)rapidly embraced their adopted country.
C)quickly learned to speak and write English.
D)fully expected to return home after acquiring wealth in the United States.
11
According to Richard Hofstadter, the Populists were irrational reactionaries, who supported:
A)democracy through cooperative effort.
B)the belief in a conspiracy of the international money power.
C)the growth of industry at the expense of farmers.
D)reforms suggested by William McKinley.
12
According to Charles Postel, who does not believe the Populists were irrational reactionaries, Populism:
A)represented the premodern and republican past.
B)opposed the advent of the modern market economy.
C)held unrealistic goals.
D)provided an impetus for modernizing processes in the form of Progressive era legislation.
13
According to T.H. Watkins, Gifford Pinchot was a
A)radical conservationist.
B)rabid scientific conservationist
C)believer that lumber companies should manage the forests.
D)both a utilitarian conservationist and a preservationist.
14
President Theodore Roosevelt was a
A)utilitarian conservationist.
B)preservationist.
C)big game hunter.
D)all of the above.
15
Before he became president, Woodrow Wilson spent most of his life as a:
A)lawyer.
B)politician.
C)teacher.
D)businessman.
16
Before he became President, Wilson had been:
A)president of Princeton University.
B)Governor of Virginia.
C)Governor of New Jersey.
D)both a and b.
E)both a and c.
17
Gilman Ostrander, who argues that the decade of the 1920s was an era of social and cultural rebellion, says that the decade following World War I represented
A)a return to the social climate of the 1880s.
B)no change in the status of American women.
C)the first experiment in mass leisure.
D)a period of economic collapse and disillusionment with American capitalism.
18
David Shannon, who argues that the social and cultural changes of the 1920s were merely superficial, argues that the chief characteristic of the decade was
A)the Great Depression.
B)economic prosperity.
C)the improved status of women.
D)Political domination by the Democratic Party.
19
According to Roger Biles, who contends that the New Deal was an effective answer to the Great Depression, the power of the national government during the New Deal:
A)greatly increased.
B)slightly increased.
C)stayed the same.
D)was used to socialize the economy.
20
According to Biles, Franklin D. Roosevelt:
A)intellectually understood Keynesian economics.
B)deliberately tried to enact Keynesian unbalanced budgets to increase spending and promote recovery.
C)resisted Keynesian formulas for pump priming the budget in order to bring about economic recovery.
D)none of the above.
21
After Pearl Harbor, according to Richard Dalfiume, who believes that World War II marked a watershed for the modern civil rights movement, African Americans
A)took an isolationist position toward the fighting in Europe.
B)strongly sympathized with the Japanese.
C)held the attitude that favorable changes would result for blacks as a consequence of the conflict.
D)secretly hoped for a German victory over the United States.
22
After Pearl Harbor, according to Harvard Sitkoff, who does not believe that World War II marked a watershed for the modern civil rights movement, African Americans
A)strongly supported the Allied war effort.
B)remained just as vigorous in their demands for a desegregated military.
C)sided covertly with the Japanese.
D)denounced the "Double V" campaign.
23
According to Professors Robert James Maddox and Richard B. Frank,
A)Truman dropped the Atomic bomb for the military reasons of shortening the war and avoiding a landed invasion.
B)Truman dropped the Atomic bomb for the political reasons of keeping the Russians out of the Pacific War and making them "more manageable" in negotiating the post-war settlements in Eastern Europe.
C)dropping the Atomic bomb was unnecessary because Russia's entrance into the Pacific War caused the Japanese to surrender.
D)the Japanese were ready to surrender even before the Atomic bombs were dropped and the Russians declared war against Japan.
24
According to revisionist historians, such as Professor Gar Alperovitz,
A)Truman dropped the Atomic bomb primarily for the military reasons of shortening the war and avoiding a landed invasion.
B)Truman dropped the Atomic bomb primarily for the political reasons of keeping the Russians out of the Pacific War and making them "more manageable" in negotiating post-war settlements in Eastern Europe.
C)dropping the Atomic bomb was unnecessary because Russia's entrance into the Pacific War caused the Japanese to surrender.
D)the Japanese were ready to surrender even before the Atomic bombs were dropped and the Russians declared war against Japan.
25
According to Professor Offner most of the blame for the Cold War was:
A)caused by Stalin.
B)caused by Truman.
C)caused by both sides.
D)an inevitable force of history.
26
According to Professor Gaddis most of the blame for the Cold War was:
A)caused by Stalin.
B)caused by Truman.
C)caused by both sides.
D)an inevitable force of history.
27
The 1960 presidential campaign may have contributed to the Cuban Missile Crisis because:
A)Candidate Kennedy criticized Eisenhower's administration for allowing Castro to come to power.
B)Candidate Kennedy complained that Cuba already had too many missiles that needed to be removed.
C)Candidate Nixon accused Kennedy of being soft on communism and for being sympathetic to the new Castro regime in Cuba.
D)Candidate Nixon threatened to use nuclear missiles against Cuba in order to remove Castro.
28
Kennedy inherited from his predecessors President Eisenhower.
A)No major foreign policy problems
B)A potential showdown in Berlin with the Russians.
C)Hostile relations in Cuba.
D)Both b and c.
29
According to Terry Anderson, who believes that the activism of the 1960s produced a better nation, the most successful social movement of the decade was
A)the civil rights movement.
B)the antiwar movement.
C)the women's liberation movement.
D)the environmental movement.
30
According to Peter Clecak, who does not think that the activism of the 1960s produced a better nation, the utopian goals of sixties radicals were made impossible by the activists'
A)youth.
B)overtly optimistic enthusiasm and energy.
C)unwavering commitment to collectivist rhetoric.
D)inability to break away from attachments to individualism.
31
After World War II, North Vietnam:
A)was controlled by the United States.
B)was controlled by the Japanese.
C)was engaged in a civil war against the control of the French.
D)was engaged in a civil war against the control of Nationalist China.
32
In 1954 at the Geneva Conference:
A)Vietnam was unified.
B)Vietnam was partitioned with communist China controlling the North and France in control of the South.
C)Vietnam was partitioned with communist China in control of the North and the United States in control of the South.
D)Vietnam was partitioned with a communist government in the North under Ho Chih Minh and a non-communist government in the South with its capital in Saigon.
33
According to F. Carolyn Graglia, who believes that the women's liberation movement has been harmful to American women, women's place should be at:
A)home.
B)work.
C)both home and work.
D)child care centers.
34
According to Sara M. Evans, who does not believe that the women's liberation movement has been harmful to American women, the movement was first reincarnated in the 1960s by the:
A)National Women's Suffrage Association.
B)National Commission of the Status of Women.
C)National Organization for Women (NOW).
D)both b and c.
35
According to political journalist Thomas Byrne Edsall political power in the 1980s shifted to the
A)lower class.
B)lower middle class.
C)lower middle and upper middle class.
D)upper middle and upper class.
36
The 1980s has been referred to as
A)the me decade.
B)the my decade.
C)the women's decade.
D)the multicultural decade.





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