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| 1 | |
According to Stephen Oppenheimer, who believes that Homo sapiens originated in Africa, all humans today can be traced back to a woman who lived approximately __________ years ago. |
| | A) | 25 million |
| | B) | 5 million |
| | C) | 1 million |
| | D) | 150,000 |
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| 2 | |
Wolpoff and Caspari, who do not believe that Homo sapiens originated in Africa, use as their primary tools in the human evolution debate: |
| | A) | fossilized remains and artifacts. |
| | B) | mitochondrial DNA. |
| | C) | a molecular clock model. |
| | D) | theories established by Darwin more than 100 years ago. |
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| 3 | |
According to Chester G. Starr, who believes that Sumerian Civilization was exclusively male- dominated, the Sumerians called themselves: |
| | A) | fertile crescent dwellers. |
| | B) | black-headed people. |
| | C) | ideograms. |
| | D) | people between the rivers. |
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| 4 | |
According to Samuel Noah Kramer, who does not believe that Sumerian Civilization was exclusively male-dominated, Enheduanna was: |
| | A) | a priestess and a poet. |
| | B) | a warrior queen. |
| | C) | a shrewd businesswoman. |
| | D) | a famous athlete. |
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| 5 | |
According to Ivan Van Sertima, who believes that African sources did influence Olmec civilization, that civilization was the ______ in Mesoamerica. |
| | A) | first |
| | B) | most warlike |
| | C) | most cultured |
| | D) | most artistic |
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| 6 | |
According to Viera, Ortiz de Montellano, and Barbour, who believe that Olmec civilization developed on its own, Van Sertima claims that the Nubian rulers of Egypt were assisted by the ______ in their travels to Mesoamerica. |
| | A) | Hittites |
| | B) | Greeks |
| | C) | Phoenicians |
| | D) | Celt-Iberians |
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| 7 | |
According to N.G.L. Hammond, who believes that Alexander's reputation is merited, Alexander's treatment of "exiles" who had deserted his army was: |
| | A) | cruel and vindictive. |
| | B) | an act of statesmanship. |
| | C) | befitting of the crime they committed. |
| | D) | too lenient. |
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| 8 | |
According to Ian Worthington, who feels that Alexander does not merit his exalted historical reputation, claims that those who consider him to be "great": |
| | A) | place too much emphasis on Alexander's military conquests. |
| | B) | fail to consider his roles as king, commander, and statesman. |
| | C) | both a and b. |
| | D) | neither a not b. |
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| 9 | |
According to Karen L. King, who believes Christianity liberated women, Christians in the earliest days of their religion met for worship: |
| | A) | in pagan temples. |
| | B) | in Roman basilicas. |
| | C) | in people's private homes. |
| | D) | out of doors. |
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| 10 | |
According to Lisa Bellan-Boyer, who does not believe Christianity liberated women, the early Christian Church restricted women's full participation in order to: |
| | A) | please Jewish leaders. |
| | B) | please Christian men. |
| | C) | fit into accepted Muslim social conventions. |
| | D) | fit into the honor/shame system in the Greco-Roman world. |
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| 11 | |
According to Antonio Santosuosso, who believes that internal political and military problems caused Rome's fall, the Roman Empire came to its official end with the: |
| | A) | sack of Rome by Alaric in 410 A.D. |
| | B) | dividing of the Empire by Diocletian. |
| | C) | defeat of the Romans by the Goths at the battle of Adrianople in 376 A.D. |
| | D) | deposition of Romulus Augustus by the Vandals in 476 A.D. |
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| 12 | |
According to Peter Heather, who believes the Huns' invasion of Europe and its consequences were responsible for the fall of Rome, the ethnic roots of the Huns were: |
| | A) | Iranian. |
| | B) | Mongol. |
| | C) | Turkic. |
| | D) | Indian. |
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| 13 | |
During the Nika rebellion of 532, Paolo Cesaretti, who believes the Byzantine Empire benefited from the rule of Justinian and Theodora, portrays Theodora as: |
| | A) | cowardly. |
| | B) | courageous. |
| | C) | apathetic. |
| | D) | absent from the negotiations. |
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| 14 | |
Procopius, who does not believe the Byzantine Empire benefited from the rule of Justinian and Theodora, describes the royal couple as: |
| | A) | flawed human beings who tried their best. |
| | B) | concerned always for the good of the empire. |
| | C) | friends who cared only for their private goals. |
| | D) | apathetic rulers who were interested only in each other. |
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| 15 | |
According to David Drew, who believes that environmental were responsible for the Maya collapse, the collapse: |
| | A) | occurred gradually over a long period of time. |
| | B) | had little precedence in world history. |
| | C) | was predictable based on previous civilization collapses. |
| | D) | worsened because of the actions of the religious leaders. |
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| 16 | |
Payson Sheets, who does not believe that environmental factors were responsible for the Maya collapse, emphasizes _________ as responsible for the Maya collapse. |
| | A) | severe droughts |
| | B) | earthquakes |
| | C) | slave revolts |
| | D) | wars and their consequences |
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| 17 | |
According to Arthur Jones, who thinks the Crusades can be
considered a Christian jihad, the Crusades of the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries can be seen as a clash of: |
| | A) | political systems. |
| | B) | religions. |
| | C) | civilizations. |
| | D) | cultures. |
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| 18 | |
Jonathan Phillips, who does not think the Crusades can be considered a Christian jihad, believes all but which of the following were motivations for Crusaders: |
| | A) | Hatred of Muslims. |
| | B) | Hope for remission of sins. |
| | C) | Desire for wealth or land. |
| | D) | A family tradition of pilgrimage. |
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| 19 | |
Mehdi Nakosteen, who believes that the modern university has its roots in the Islamic world, argues that Greek and Persian learning was maintained during the Middle Ages in: |
| | A) | Africa. |
| | B) | Asia. |
| | C) | the Islamic world. |
| | D) | Europe. |
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| 20 | |
Walter Ruegg, who does not believe that the modern university has its roots in the Islamic world, cites the influence of ___________ in its creation. |
| | A) | medieval guilds |
| | B) | conversational societies |
| | C) | papal Christianity |
| | D) | the law courts |
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| 21 | |
Margaret L. King, who believes that women and men benefitted equally from the Renaissance, focuses her research on women's: |
| | A) | sex roles. |
| | B) | educational opportunities. |
| | C) | legal progress. |
| | D) | consciousness of themselves. |
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| 22 | |
Joan Kelly-Gadol, who does not believe women and men benefitted equally from the Renaissance, focuses her research on women's: |
| | A) | sex roles. |
| | B) | educational opportunities. |
| | C) | legal progress. |
| | D) | consciousness of themselves. |
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| 23 | |
Winston L. King, who finds Zen to be the primary shaper of the warrior code of the Japanese samurai, credits which of the following with uniting Zen and the samurai? |
| | A) | Honganji Buddhism |
| | B) | Eisai, a Tendai monk |
| | C) | Armand-Jean Cardinal Richelieu |
| | D) | The Noh play |
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| 24 | |
Catharina Blomberg, who does not find Zen to be the primary shaper of the warrior code of the Japanese samurai, believes all but which of the following to be influences? |
| | A) | Zen |
| | B) | Confucianism |
| | C) | Taoism |
| | D) | Shinto |
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| 25 | |
Nicholas Kristof, who believes that China's worldview was the main reason for the cancellation of its maritime programs during the Ming Dynasty, states that for the last several 1000 years, it would have seemed far likelier that: |
| | A) | China would be more isolated than it is today. |
| | B) | Chinese or Indians would dominate the world by 2000. |
| | C) | China would have become more western than they are. |
| | D) | communism would not become part of China's worldview. |
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| 26 | |
Bruce Swanson, who emphasizes multiple factors as responsible for China's cessation of its maritime efforts, sees China's historical interest in sea power as: |
| | A) | a temporary aberration which ended during the Ming Dynasty. |
| | B) | constantly supported by the Chinese court Confucian scholars. |
| | C) | part of the strong influence of the maritime spirit on China. |
| | D) | an impractical scheme supported by Ming Emperor Yongle. |
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| 27 | |
According to Robert Royal, who believes that Columbus's New World discoveries had a positive effect on world history, the world we know began: |
| | A) | during the Italian Renaissance. |
| | B) | in the fifteenth century. |
| | C) | with the settlement of North America. |
| | D) | as a result of the Industrial Revolution. |
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| 28 | |
Gabriel Garcia Marquez, who believes that Columbus's voyages did not have a positive effect on world history, is a citizen of the Latin American country of: |
| | A) | Argentina. |
| | B) | Venezuela. |
| | C) | Barbados. |
| | D) | Colombia. |
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| 29 | |
Robert Kolb, who believes that Martin Luther's reforms improved the lives of European Christians, calls him: |
| | A) | the first and best humanist. |
| | B) | a prophetic teacher and hero. |
| | C) | more forward thinking than Erasmus of Rotterdam. |
| | D) | very out of sync with his own times, but a true revolutionary. |
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| 30 | |
Hans Kung who does not believe that Martin Luther's reforms improved the lives of European Christians, notes that religion by region resulted in: |
| | A) | a much appreciated religious freedom for ordinary Christians. |
| | B) | increased power for local religious authorities. |
| | C) | the predominance of state over church in ways that proved unhealthy for both. |
| | D) | a stalemate between church and state that was never resolved. |
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| 31 | |
Anne Llewellyn Barstow, who believes that the witch hunts were misogynistic, states that a typical witch in the era covered was: |
| | A) | female. |
| | B) | old. |
| | C) | unattractive. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 32 | |
According to Robin Briggs, who does not believe that the witch hunts were misogynistic, approximately __________ percent of those accused of witchcraft and executed were men. |
| | A) | 20 percent |
| | B) | 30 percent |
| | C) | 10 percent |
| | D) | 50 percent |
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| 33 | |
According to Edward Grant, who believes that the Scientific Revolution was revolutionary, all of the following made this revolution possible, except: |
| | A) | the translation of Greco-Arabic science manuscripts. |
| | B) | the formation of the medieval university. |
| | C) | the Renaissance. |
| | D) | the emergence of a class of theologian-natural philosophers. |
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| 34 | |
Steven Shapin, who does not believe that the Scientific Revolution was revolutionary, argues that the phrase "Scientific Revolution" was coined in the: |
| | A) | seventeenth century. |
| | B) | eighteenth century. |
| | C) | nineteenth century. |
| | D) | twentieth century. |
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| 35 | |
According to William H. McNeill, who believes that the rise of the West defined the modern world, which one of the following dates marks the advent of the modern era? |
| | A) | 1400 |
| | B) | 1500 |
| | C) | 1600 |
| | D) | 1700 |
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| 36 | |
According to Philip D. Curtin, who does not believe the West defined the modern world, territorial empire and large scale true colonization flourished: |
| | A) | as early as 1500. |
| | B) | shortly after the Napoleonic wars. |
| | C) | as a result of Columbus's voyages to the New World. |
| | D) | in the late nineteenth century. |
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| 37 | |
Retha Warnicke, who believes that gender did affect Elizabeth's reign, states that by its end her success: |
| | A) | significantly changed attitudes about women rulers. |
| | B) | paved the way for another successful woman ruler. |
| | C) | was viewed as an exception to appropriate practices. |
| | D) | led to religious revolt in England. |
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| 38 | |
Susan Doran, who believes that gender played a lesser role in Elizabeth's reign, evaluates her rule by calling her a: |
| | A) | feminist icon. |
| | B) | woman who proved an exceptional women could rule. |
| | C) | ruler who gave men too much power over her. |
| | D) | queen who excelled in foreign matters but not domestic ones. |
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| 39 | |
Paul Cartledge, who thinks the Spartan idea of freedom was compromised, quotes Critias as saying that among the Spartans could be found: |
| | A) | the most free people in Greece. |
| | B) | the most unfree people in Greece. |
| | C) | the most free people in the Greece and the most unfree. |
| | D) | neither the most free nor the most unfree people in Greece. |
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| 40 | |
Byron Farwell, who finds the Spartan idea of freedom less compromised explains that on the last day of the battle the Spartans: |
| | A) | freed the Helots who fought with them. |
| | B) | knew they could not win and prepared to die fighting. |
| | C) | Both a and b are true. |
| | D) | Neither a nor b is true. |
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