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| 1 | |
The core principle of globalization, according to the IMF staff, is the: |
| | A) | protection of intellectual property. |
| | B) | free exchange of ideas and culture. |
| | C) | unhindered exchange of international goods and services. |
| | D) | commitment of governments to greater openness and transparency. |
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| 2 | |
The push to reduce trade barriers after World War II was an effort by nations to: |
| | A) | prevent future wars. |
| | B) | undertake the massive reconstruction effort needed after the war. |
| | C) | share new technologies for the good of humanity. |
| | D) | enable their corporations to become multinational institutions. |
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| 3 | |
According to Julia Galeota, who believes that globalization threatens cultural diversity, recently U.S. corporations have developed an even more successful global strategy, which is pitching |
| | A) | a "cool" image. |
| | B) | diversity. |
| | C) | democratic ideals. |
| | D) | prosperity. |
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| 4 | |
Philippe Legrain, who does not believe that globalization threatens cultural diversity, insists that globalization can free people from |
| | A) | language barriers. |
| | B) | the clutches of poverty. |
| | C) | the tyranny of geography. |
| | D) | the boredom of cultural uniformity. |
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| 5 | |
Through history, authoritarian rulers of various types have wielded political power and the economy of their lands were a means of increasing their: |
| | A) | dominance over other realms. |
| | B) | military strength, to protect their holdings. |
| | C) | sense of authority. |
| | D) | personal wealth. |
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| 6 | |
Robert B. Reich argues that the political influence of global corporations has resulted in: |
| | A) | dangerous instability in the world. |
| | B) | the voices of average citizens becoming lost. |
| | C) | increased focus on hardships worldwide. |
| | D) | governments undertaking military actions to protect their profits. |
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| 7 | |
At the founding of the United States, leaders such as Thomas Jefferson warned that the United States should avoid international involvement because: |
| | A) | it could weaken the country's commitment to democracy. |
| | B) | too many would–be immigrants could arrive. |
| | C) | the new country was too weak to take on major European challengers. |
| | D) | it would be expected to participate in European wars. |
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| 8 | |
According to Ivan Eland, candidates from both parties would have the United States play a larger role in the affairs of all of the following countries except: |
| | A) | Zimbabwe. |
| | B) | Palestine. |
| | C) | Myanmar. |
| | D) | Pakistan. |
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| 9 | |
When Mikhail S. Gorbachev assumed leadership of the Soviet Union in 1985, the country's economy was faltering due to over–centralization and: |
| | A) | business corruption. |
| | B) | a rapidly increasing population. |
| | C) | huge expenditures on military forces. |
| | D) | a lack of adequate natural resources. |
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| 10 | |
As reported by Tucker Herbert and Diane Raub, Russia's foreign policy towards its neighbors is often characterized as: |
| | A) | cold and distant. |
| | B) | domineering and brusque. |
| | C) | paternalistic and kind. |
| | D) | businesslike and formal. |
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| 11 | |
China's power compared to Europe's began to ebb at the time of the: |
| | A) | Crusades. |
| | B) | Industrial Revolution. |
| | C) | French Revolution. |
| | D) | overthrow of the last Chinese emperor. |
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| 12 | |
As Communist China began to build up its strength, it first turned its attention to: |
| | A) | economic power. |
| | B) | establishing diplomatic relations throughout Asia. |
| | C) | cultural exports. |
| | D) | military power. |
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| 13 | |
P.J. Berlyn, who believes that it would be an error to establish a Palestinian state, includes all of the following in a list of "bad arguments" supporting the creation of a state of Palestine except that it will: |
| | A) | bring about peace and stability to the Middle East. |
| | B) | balance the current economic inequalities between the states. |
| | C) | end Israel's occupation of Palestinian territory. |
| | D) | rectify a historic injustice to the Arabs. |
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| 14 | |
Rosemary E. Shinko, who does not believe that it would be an error to establish a Palestinian state, argues that all states are: |
| | A) | manmade creations. |
| | B) | reflective of the conditions that led to their rise. |
| | C) | a political creation of men and women. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 15 | |
In August 1990, when Iraq invaded Kuwait, President George H. W. Bush sent U.S. troops to the region in order to protect: |
| | A) | Saudi Arabia. |
| | B) | Jordan. |
| | C) | Israel. |
| | D) | Egypt. |
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| 16 | |
The most significant indication of the war–weariness of the general Iraqi people, as described by Lawrence Wilkerson, can be seen in the: |
| | A) | decline of formal insurgent groups. |
| | B) | eagerness of citizens to participate in elections. |
| | C) | exodus of more than 2 million Iraqis into Jordan and Syria. |
| | D) | increase in the number of English speakers in the country. |
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| 17 | |
Until recently, the United States has thought its greatest enemy in the Western Hemisphere was the leader of: |
| | A) | Colombia. |
| | B) | Brazil. |
| | C) | Argentina. |
| | D) | Cuba. |
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| 18 | |
During Hugo Chavez' time in the military, he came to believe that the two main political parties in Venezuela were dominated by: |
| | A) | foreign interests. |
| | B) | wealthy elites. |
| | C) | foreign–educated intellectuals. |
| | D) | corrupt politicians. |
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| 19 | |
Peacekeeping efforts in Sudan undertaken by the African Union and the United Nations have so far proven insufficient for all of the following reasons except that: |
| | A) | there are too few peacekeepers. |
| | B) | the peacekeepers are inadequately equipped. |
| | C) | some African nations have been actively working against the AU. |
| | D) | their ability to operate is too limited by agreements with the Sudanese government. |
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| 20 | |
The "Plan B" proposed for Sudan, as Susan E. Rice explains, could begin with the United States blocking revenue gained through: |
| | A) | oil exports. |
| | B) | cotton exports. |
| | C) | foreign aid assistance. |
| | D) | mineral exports. |
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| 21 | |
One important sign of the WTO's importance to global trade is that: |
| | A) | nearly all countries are either members or seeking to join the organization. |
| | B) | smaller agreements between individual countries are generally modeled on WTO rules. |
| | C) | all countries are generous in meeting their financial obligations to the organization. |
| | D) | few countries have tried to challenge any of the organization's practices or rules. |
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| 22 | |
Peter F. Allgeier notes that the country that has brought the greatest number of dispute–settlement cases to the WTO is: |
| | A) | France. |
| | B) | Mexico. |
| | C) | Israel. |
| | D) | the United States. |
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| 23 | |
One substantial reason why foreign direct investment has increased in the United States while U.S. investment has declined overseas is that the: |
| | A) | regulatory climate in the United States is perceived as weak. |
| | B) | value of the U.S. dollar has declined relative to other currencies. |
| | C) | United States has encouraged foreign investment. |
| | D) | returns in the United States are perceived as more secure than elsewhere. |
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| 24 | |
The exchange–rate provisions of the 1988 Omnibus Trade Bill require the Treasury Department to identify and report to Congress those countries: |
| | A) | believed to be manipulating their currencies in order to gain trade advantages. |
| | B) | with weak business regulations. |
| | C) | that create artificial barriers to investment by the United States. |
| | D) | seeking to obtain control of major U.S. industries. |
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| 25 | |
Opposition to immigrants is highest among respondents to a recent survey living in: |
| | A) | Western Europe. |
| | B) | Latin America. |
| | C) | Asia. |
| | D) | sub–Saharan Africa. |
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| 26 | |
Undocumented immigration, according to Dan Siciliano, has been the result of the U.S. immigration system's failure to: |
| | A) | work with other agencies to track visa recipients. |
| | B) | respond effectively to labor demands. |
| | C) | punish illegal immigrants sufficiently that others are deterred. |
| | D) | patrol U.S. borders effectively. |
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| 27 | |
A clear motivation for Iran's desire to develop nuclear weapons was the: |
| | A) | founding of Israel. |
| | B) | enmity of the United States. |
| | C) | desire to enter the international community on an elevated footing. |
| | D) | use of chemical weapons by Iraq during a lengthy war with Iran. |
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| 28 | |
According to Christopher Hemmer, the United States has all of the following key strategic interests in the Persian Gulf except: |
| | A) | promoting democracy throughout the region. |
| | B) | maintaining the flow of oil onto world markets. |
| | C) | preventing any hostile state from dominating the region. |
| | D) | minimizing any terrorist threat from the region. |
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| 29 | |
During the Cold War, the United States and Soviet Union signed the Anti–Ballistic Missile Treaty, mainly because: |
| | A) | neither side trusted the other not to launch a nuclear attack. |
| | B) | both were trying to find some common ground in spite of the hostilities. |
| | C) | the allies of each side were nervous about the proposed anti– missile systems. |
| | D) | these systems seemed technically unfeasible and too costly. |
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| 30 | |
In his approach to the ballistic missile defense system, President Clinton: |
| | A) | tried to kill off the program. |
| | B) | allotted little funding to continue the program. |
| | C) | pushed for an early test date. |
| | D) | proposed working with NATO allies to complete the project. |
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| 31 | |
The frequency of UN peacekeeping missions has risen sharply since the end of the Cold War because: |
| | A) | the United States and Russia are no longer willing to undertake unilateral action. |
| | B) | many former Soviet states have become destabilized. |
| | C) | the United States and Soviet Union frequently used their veto powers to oppose missions during the Cold War. |
| | D) | more states have joined the United Nations, which has increased the funding available for these missions. |
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| 32 | |
The largest debtor to the United Nations in terms of peacekeeping payments is currently: |
| | A) | China. |
| | B) | Russia. |
| | C) | Israel. |
| | D) | the United States. |
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| 33 | |
When the United States first supported the formation of the ICC, it favored a court that would hear cases: |
| | A) | strictly concerning genocide. |
| | B) | referred by the U.N. Security Council. |
| | C) | concerning conflicts within states. |
| | D) | concerning countries that did not have democratic government structures. |
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| 34 | |
The Rome Statute has granted the ICC jurisdiction over all of the following crimes except: |
| | A) | genocide. |
| | B) | crimes against humanity. |
| | C) | war crimes. |
| | D) | cruel and unusual punishment. |
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| 35 | |
The Bush Administration classified the individuals held at Guantanamo Bay as "enemy combatants" because they: |
| | A) | refused to provide any formal identification. |
| | B) | are not members of a formal military organization. |
| | C) | represented dozens of different countries. |
| | D) | might not be guilty of any hostile actions against the United States. |
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| 36 | |
The core reason for holding individuals suspected of terrorism indefinitely without trial, according to Kate Martin, is that: |
| | A) | few countries will be willing to take back their citizens after their U.S. incarceration. |
| | B) | the outcome of the war is uncertain. |
| | C) | classified information might be revealed during a trial. |
| | D) | the military wanted to use interrogation techniques that might constitute torture. |
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| 37 | |
In earlier decades, far less carbon dioxide was retained in the atmosphere because: |
| | A) | normal wind patterns dissipated it. |
| | B) | the world's oceans were able to absorb it. |
| | C) | other gases would bond with it. |
| | D) | plant photosynthesis could keep up with the level of gas. |
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| 38 | |
The current public fear over global warming, as Senator Inhofe explains, is driven by evidence based on: |
| | A) | untested computer models. |
| | B) | past estimates of global temperatures. |
| | C) | sampling from the polar ice caps. |
| | D) | unsubstantiated anecdotes. |
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| 39 | |
Harold Hongju Koh, who believes that the United States should ratify the Convention to Eliminate All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, reports that with regard to education, CEDAW: |
| | A) | mandates abolition of single–sex education. |
| | B) | requires parties to take appropriate measures to eliminate stereotyped concepts of men's and women's roles. |
| | C) | advocates censorship of textbooks containing egregious stereotypes of men and women. |
| | D) | may disrupt educational tradition in countries like the United States. |
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| 40 | |
Grace Melton Smith, who does not believe that the United States should ratify the Convention to Eliminate All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, characterizes the actions of the CEDAW as: |
| | A) | provocative. |
| | B) | careless. |
| | C) | persuasive. |
| | D) | bullying. |
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| 41 | |
William J. Perry, who believes that President Barack Obama's strategic nuclear–arms–control policy is sound, points out that the President intends for the United States to move forward with the European missile–defense system as long as: |
| | A) | there is so little left to do to complete it. |
| | B) | the United States has a military presence in Iraq. |
| | C) | Israel concurs. |
| | D) | an Iranian missile threat persists. |
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| 42 | |
Keith B. Payne, who does not believe that President Barack Obama's strategic nuclear–arms–control policy is sound, contends that the discussion of the specific numeric limitations of an agreement should only follow the conclusions of the: |
| | A) | START negotiations. |
| | B) | Nuclear Posture Review. |
| | C) | SLBM talks. |
| | D) | SALT I &II Analysis. |
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