 | Chapter Outline (See related pages)
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce- Urban Government
- The Organization of Crafts and Trades
- Commercial Institutions
- Urban Life
|
 |  |  | II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions- England and the Development of Parliament
- France and the Consolidation of Rule
- The Holy Roman Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
|
 |  |  | III. Government in the East- The Byzantine Empire
- The Mongols
- Muscovite Russia
|
 |  |  | IV. The Papacy and the Church- The Papacy
- Lay Religious Observance
|
 |  |  | V. Learning and Literature- Philosophy
- Dante
|
|