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| 1 | |
Renaissance Humanism emphasized all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | reading Classical writings in the original Latin and Greek. |
| | B) | developing the ability to speak and write eloquently. |
| | C) | rejecting religious rituals, institutions, and beliefs. |
| | D) | pursuing perfection through moral philosophy. |
| | E) | an appreciation and understanding of ancient writings. |
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| 2 | |
Petrarch felt that the ultimate importance of studying the ancients was that it would enable people to |
| | A) | write and speak in a more refined and eloquent way. |
| | B) | escape from the misery of the present into an imagined past. |
| | C) | imitate them, and thereby become more virtuous. |
| | D) | understand the full richness and diversity of the human past. |
| | E) | conduct more informed debate in order to rediscover ancient truths. |
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| 3 | |
Boccaccio's masterpiece, The Decameron, is notable because |
| | A) | it served as a Humanist "guidebook" to proper behavior. |
| | B) | it was the first epic poem written since the ancient Greeks. |
| | C) | it was the first translation of Greek poetry into Latin prose. |
| | D) | it retold the stories of the glories of ancient Rome. |
| | E) | it portrayed ordinary characters and dealt frankly with the subject of sex, creating new aims in western literature. |
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| 4 | |
As Humanism spread, it had an impact as all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | an educational system stressing knowledge useful for members of the social elite. |
| | B) | a literary movement that reshaped the form and content of virtually all genres. |
| | C) | a body of knowledge and manners that served to distinguish the upper classes. |
| | D) | a political philosophy that caused the decline of despotism and rise of democracy. |
| | E) | a system of viewing history analytically, drawing inspiration from ancients such as Livy. |
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| 5 | |
The neoplatonists changed Humanism by emphasizing all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | the study of Greek. |
| | B) | the philosophy of Plato. |
| | C) | pursuit of personal perfection. |
| | D) | the value of the contemplation of beauty. |
| | E) | the irreconcilability of divergent truths. |
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| 6 | |
Masaccio, Donatello, and Brunelleschi found inspiration for their works in the city of |
| | A) | Rome. |
| | B) | Florence. |
| | C) | Venice. |
| | D) | Padua. |
| | E) | Naples. |
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| 7 | |
The High Renaissance |
| | A) | was defined by a single man of overpowering genius, Leonardo da Vinci. |
| | B) | saw the steady decline of the artistic trends begun the previous century. |
| | C) | brought to a climax the artistic trends begun a century before. |
| | D) | saw a shift in cultural initiative from artists to writers and philosophers. |
| | E) | focused exclusively on new forms in painting. |
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| 8 | |
Raphael was a master of perspective. Which of the four masters of High Renaissance art was known for his portraiture? |
| | A) | Masaccio |
| | B) | Leonardo |
| | C) | Michelangelo |
| | D) | Donatello |
| | E) | Titian |
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| 9 | |
How did people view earlier artists such as Masaccio differently than Leonardo and other High Renaissance artists? |
| | A) | Earlier artists were essentially seen as craftsmen whereas later artists were viewed as greatly prized members of society with high status. |
| | B) | Earlier artists were valued primarily for their depictions of religious images whereas later artists were prized as recorders of everyday life. |
| | C) | Earlier artists were considered to occupy the lowest rungs of society whereas later artists were increasingly viewed as skilled craftsmen. |
| | D) | Earlier artists were valued primarily by the nobility, their primary patrons whereas later artists relied almost exclusively upon the Church for patronage. |
| | E) | Earlier artists were valued primarily for their depictions of everyday life whereas later artists were prized for their inspirational religious works. |
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| 10 | |
Northern culture differed from Italian because |
| | A) | the percentage of townspeople was far lower in the North. |
| | B) | the plague was more severe in the North. |
| | C) | malnutrition stunted Northerners' intellects. |
| | D) | northern society was highly urbanized. |
| | E) | cities rather than princely courts dominated the area. |
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| 11 | |
Around 1500, northern Europe contained the chief center of |
| | A) | architecture. |
| | B) | music. |
| | C) | painting. |
| | D) | sculpture. |
| | E) | poetry. |
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| 12 | |
The chief change in late medieval Scholasticism was |
| | A) | a rejection of rational thought as a means of achieving useful knowledge. |
| | B) | a renewed commitment to complete Aquinas' fusion of faith and reason. |
| | C) | a focus on the way we describe things rather than on the reality of things. |
| | D) | a growing skepticism that we can know anything about the material world. |
| | E) | a focus on returning to the Bible as the true source of useful knowledge. |
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| 13 | |
Marsilius of Padua based his critique of Church power on |
| | A) | the nominalist position that reality is made up of discrete objects, not embracing universals. |
| | B) | the humanist position that people should cultivate their virtue in imitation of classical models. |
| | C) | Wycliff's criticism of the Church's remoteness from ordinary people and its dependence on Rome. |
| | D) | the neoplatonist view that every being in the universe except God is impelled to seek perfection. |
| | E) | Hus's position that priests were not a holy and privileged group within the Church. |
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| 14 | |
The popes responded to their financial problems with all of the following measures EXCEPT |
| | A) | collecting as a special tax one-third to one-half of an appointee's first year salary. |
| | B) | selling dispensations from the normal requirements of canon law. |
| | C) | selling indulgences, remissions of the temporal punishment for sin. |
| | D) | drastically reducing papal expenses by adopting a cult of virtuous poverty. |
| | E) | claiming the income from vacant offices and sometimes even selling offices while the officeholders were alive. |
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| 15 | |
By the end of the Great Schism |
| | A) | the papacy had regained its undisputed control of the Church. |
| | B) | the dominance of Church councils was firmly established. |
| | C) | the trinity of three popes had come to be accepted. |
| | D) | the College of Cardinals agreed to only elect Italian popes. |
| | E) | everyone in Europe had been excommunicated. |
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| 16 | |
What was the goal of the conciliarists? |
| | A) | They wanted the supremacy of the College of Cardinals confirmed in a papal decree. |
| | B) | They wanted a new constitution which would confirm the supremacy of a general council, which would limit the pope's authority. |
| | C) | They wanted to form a council consisting of all the heads of state in Europe, which the College of Cardinals would consult in choosing new popes. |
| | D) | They wanted to establish yearly councils which would advise the pope of any potential problems within Europe, with hopes of avoiding another schism. |
| | E) | They wanted to insure that only Italian popes would be elected, specifically to exclude the possibility of the election of a French pope who might return to Avignon. |
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| 17 | |
Late medieval mysticism emphasized |
| | A) | fasting, pilgrimages, and other ritual acts. |
| | B) | the interior experience of communion with God. |
| | C) | logical proofs of God's necessary existence. |
| | D) | rejection of the Church hierarchy and beliefs. |
| | E) | a strict adherence to the devotia moderna. |
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| 18 | |
Lay piety involved all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | increased participation by women in religion. |
| | B) | an emphasis on charity and good works. |
| | C) | greater dependence on clerical intercession with God. |
| | D) | simplicity and humility in imitation of Christ. |
| | E) | the primacy of the state of one's soul over acts of piety. |
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| 19 | |
Both Wycliff and Hus emphasized all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | the corruption of the Church. |
| | B) | the ultimate authority of the Bible. |
| | C) | the invalidity of the sacraments. |
| | D) | the community of all the faithful. |
| | E) | a disbelief in the special power of priests. |
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| 20 | |
Ultimately the Hussites |
| | A) | did establish a special church, but further demands for reform were rejected. |
| | B) | disbanded after Hus's execution. |
| | C) | joined with other reformers who continued to fight unabated until combining forces with Martin Luther one hundred years later. |
| | D) | united the nobility of Europe to oppose the power of the Church. |
| | E) | united with the Lollard's |
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