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| 1 | |
Philip II of Spain dominated the second half of the sixteenth century because of his |
| | A) | insatiable quest for military glory. |
| | B) | determination to defeat the enemies of Catholicism. |
| | C) | goal of securing Spanish dominance of Europe. |
| | D) | desire to restore the empire of his father, Charles V. |
| | E) | opportune alliance with the English. |
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| 2 | |
England's victory over the Spanish Armada accomplished all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | preventing an invasion of England by Spanish troops. |
| | B) | enabling England to continue supporting the Dutch rebels. |
| | C) | sparking rebellions in Portugal, Catalonia, Naples, and Sicily. |
| | D) | sealing the fate of Spain's Catholic allies in the French Civil War. |
| | E) | destroying more than half of the Spanish fleet. |
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| 3 | |
The Dutch revolt was all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | a national struggle against a foreign overlord. |
| | B) | a religious struggle between Protestants and Catholics. |
| | C) | the first major victory in Europe by subjects resisting their monarch's authority. |
| | D) | the first of the religious wars to end with a treaty ensuring tolerance for both confessions. |
| | E) | an opportunity for the English to project power onto the continent of Europe. |
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| 4 | |
All of the following were issues in the French Civil War EXCEPT |
| | A) | Philip II's desire to draw France into his dynastic empire. |
| | B) | the struggle between the Protestants and the Catholics. |
| | C) | the rivalry of the Guise and the Bourbon families. |
| | D) | the reassertion of autonomy by the great nobles. |
| | E) | a series of weak kings after the death of Henry II. |
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| 5 | |
All of the following were true of the combatants in the Thirty Years' War EXCEPT |
| | A) | the Habsburgs sought to defeat Protestantism and establish control over the Holy Roman Empire. |
| | B) | the German Catholics sought to advance their religion while avoiding Habsburg domination. |
| | C) | the German Protestants sought to defend their religion and avoid Habsburg domination. |
| | D) | the Swedes, Spanish, and French sought to keep the Empire weak to enhance their own relative strength. |
| | E) | the French king, who was Catholic, joined with the Protestants to undermine Habsburg power. |
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| 6 | |
The Peace of Westphalia was important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT |
| | A) | it ended the anarchy in Germany. |
| | B) | it secured Spanish control of Holland. |
| | C) | it formalized the fragmentation of Germany. |
| | D) | it laid the groundwork for international relations for the next century. |
| | E) | for the first time it gathered all of the participants in the Thirty Years' War rather than the usual practice of bringing two or three belligerents. |
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| 7 | |
The primary cause of the military revolution was |
| | A) | gunpowder. |
| | B) | pikemen. |
| | C) | sieges. |
| | D) | discipline. |
| | E) | better armor. |
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| 8 | |
Between 1550 and 1700, the size of the leading army in Europe increased |
| | A) | from 40,000 to 60,000 men. |
| | B) | from 40,000 to 100,000 men. |
| | C) | from 40,000 to 200,000 men. |
| | D) | from 40,000 to 400,000 men. |
| | E) | from 40,000 to 125,000 men. |
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| 9 | |
The growth of the military caused all of the following to increase EXCEPT |
| | A) | the size of the government bureaucracy needed to support the military. |
| | B) | the amount of taxes needed to support the military. |
| | C) | the amount of damage done by soldiers to the areas they were stationed. |
| | D) | the elaboration of military command and administrative structures. |
| | E) | the first conscription decrees. |
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| 10 | |
All of the following social groups were centers of opposition to the English monarch EXCEPT |
| | A) | the Puritans. |
| | B) | the gentry. |
| | C) | common lawyers. |
| | D) | the merchants. |
| | E) | the nobility. |
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| 11 | |
The Petition of Rights called for and end to all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | imprisonment without cause shown. |
| | B) | the king's right to dissolve Parliament. |
| | C) | taxation without Parliament's consent. |
| | D) | martial law in peacetime. |
| | E) | the billeting of troops among civilians. |
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| 12 | |
The major factions in the English Civil War included all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | royalists, who supported the king once the Grand Remonstrance was passed. |
| | B) | Presbyterians, Puritans who wanted a centrally organized, Calvinist Church. |
| | C) | Lutherans, who wanted to make the original Protestantism as the state religion. |
| | D) | independents, Puritans who wanted each congregation to rule itself. |
| | E) | Scots, who were allied with the Puritans and had a strictly organized Calvinist system. |
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| 13 | |
The English Civil War ended with the Restoration of the Stuart dynasty because |
| | A) | the people had never supported revolution and turned on the Puritans once Cromwell was dead. |
| | B) | the rebels were unable to create viable permanent structures. |
| | C) | Parliament realized that it had acted illegally and wanted to restore the rule of law. |
| | D) | royalists were able to infiltrate the parliamentary government and stage a bloodless coup. |
| | E) | French Catholics invaded and placed the Stuarts back on the throne. |
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| 14 | |
Henry IV's accomplishments included all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | creating religious peace by converting to Catholicism while guaranteeing the rights of the Protestants. |
| | B) | reestablishing the authority of the king by buying off the nobility and the principal bureaucrats. |
| | C) | establishing the notion that the government had primary responsibility to foster economic development. |
| | D) | leading the French intervention in the Holy Roman Empire that frustrated Habsburg designs. |
| | E) | mollifying the nobility of the sword with places on his Council of Affairs. |
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| 15 | |
Cardinal Richelieu accomplished all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | reducing the independence of the traditional nobles. |
| | B) | establishing the intendents as dominant officials in the provinces. |
| | C) | destroying the Huguenots' independent military and political power. |
| | D) | leading the French to final victory in the Thirty Years' War. |
| | E) | acting as the head and representative of the "army of royal servants." |
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| 16 | |
The growth of royal power in France caused discontent in all of the following groups EXCEPT |
| | A) | peasants, who objected to the increasingly onerous taxes. |
| | B) | officials, who wanted to retain and expand their traditional prerogatives. |
| | C) | merchants, who opposed the heavy hand of government regulation. |
| | D) | nobles, who resisted the crowns' reduction of their traditional autonomy. |
| | E) | Huguenots, who were still smarting from the abolition of the Edict of Nantes. |
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| 17 | |
The Fronde failed because of |
| | A) | Spanish intervention. |
| | B) | the lack of military skill among the lower classes. |
| | C) | the perfidy of the nobles. |
| | D) | the prestige of the king. |
| | E) | the disunity of the rebels. |
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| 18 | |
Spain suffered from all of the following problems in the mid-seventeenth century EXCEPT |
| | A) | the wealth from America had been squandered on wars rather than invested in economic development. |
| | B) | the bureaucracy was inefficient and dominated by Castilians, who were resented in other provinces. |
| | C) | devastating plagues reduced the population by 40%, from 10 million to 6 million people. |
| | D) | foreign enemies had invaded the country and seized its most valuable territories. |
| | E) | government action was overly centralized and agonizingly slow. |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following was able to break away from the Spanish control during the revolts at mid-century? |
| | A) | Portugal |
| | B) | Catalonia |
| | C) | Sicily |
| | D) | Naples |
| | E) | Denmark |
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| 20 | |
The primary constitutional struggle in the United Provinces was between |
| | A) | the House of Orange, backed by the rural provinces, and the merchant oligarchy that controlled Holland. |
| | B) | the House of Orange, backed by the merchant oligarchy in Holland, and the rural provinces. |
| | C) | the Protestant northern provinces and the Catholic southern ones. |
| | D) | the Protestant urban provinces and the Catholic rural ones. |
| | E) | two factions within the House of Orange and merchant oligarchy. |
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