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| 1 | |
The Thermidorian reaction involved all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | the fall from power and execution of Robespierre. |
| | B) | the end of the Terror and the "white terror" against the radicals. |
| | C) | the end of the Revolution and restoration of the monarchy. |
| | D) | the reversal of egalitarian political policies and social mores. |
| | E) | the establishment of a five-man executive known as the directory. |
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| 2 | |
The Directory tried to ground itself in the support of the political |
| | A) | right, the ultraroyalists and moderate royalists hoping for restoration. |
| | B) | center, the well-to-do citizens who wanted to conserve the accomplishments of 1789 to 1791. |
| | C) | left, the neo-Jacobins who wanted to preserve the gains of 1793 without the Terror. |
| | D) | far left, Gracchus Babeuf's collectivist followers who hoped to move the Revolution even farther. |
| | E) | clergy, in the hopes of bringing the Church in as an honest broker. |
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| 3 | |
Napoleon's political stature grew because of all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | his brilliant military and diplomatic successes in northern Italy. |
| | B) | the dependence of the unpopular Directory on military success. |
| | C) | his personal charisma and talent in manipulating people. |
| | D) | the success of his military expedition to Egypt. |
| | E) | his personal negotiation of the Treaty of Campo Formio. |
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| 4 | |
The "revisionists" enlisted Napoleon in the conspiracy that ended in the Brumaire coup because |
| | A) | they recognized his genius and wanted to install him as dictator. |
| | B) | they hoped to use him as a figurehead since he was very popular. |
| | C) | they needed the full power of the army to avoid renewed civil war. |
| | D) | they feared that if they did not include him he would turn on them. |
| | E) | they had secret messages from him supporting the coup. |
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| 5 | |
The principles of the Revolution that Napoleon preserved included all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | disdain for the unjust and cumbersome institutions of Bourbon absolutism. |
| | B) | rejection of seigniorialism and traditional aristocratic privileges. |
| | C) | commitment to popular sovereignty and representative institutions. |
| | D) | promotion of rational institutions and equality of opportunity. |
| | E) | saving revolutionary gains through political centralization. |
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| 6 | |
The institutional initiatives that Napoleon implemented included all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | concentration of power into his own hands as First Consul, then Consul-for-Life, and finally Emperor. |
| | B) | subordination of local government to central control through appointed prefects, sub-prefects, and mayors. |
| | C) | conclusion of a Concordat with the Church ending some revolutionary measures but keeping state control. |
| | D) | restoration of the rule of law and the abolition of the institutions of police state set up by the Directory. |
| | E) | a Council of State that was comprised of experts who advised Napoleon, drafted legislation and monitored public officials. |
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| 7 | |
Napoleon favored the rule of "notables" (talented and wealthy men) through all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | appointing them to positions power. |
| | B) | allowing them to elect the experts who staffed the advisory Council of State. |
| | C) | creating a system of elite secondary schools to prepare future officials, engineers, and officers. |
| | D) | codifying patriarchy and the rights of property in the Napoleonic Code of civil law. |
| | E) | honoring them with distinctions such as the Legion of Honor. |
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| 8 | |
The Napoleonic Code established all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | equality before the law. |
| | B) | modern contractual notions of property. |
| | C) | freedom of worship. |
| | D) | the right to choose one's profession. |
| | E) | the right to organize unions and strike. |
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| 9 | |
Napoleon's victories over Austria in 1800 and 1805 established French dominance in |
| | A) | southern Germany and Italy. |
| | B) | Italy and Spain. |
| | C) | northern Germany and Poland. |
| | D) | the Netherlands and Britain. |
| | E) | the Low Countries. |
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| 10 | |
Napoleon's victory over Prussia in 1806 established French dominance in |
| | A) | Poland and Italy. |
| | B) | northern Germany and Russia. |
| | C) | southern Germany and Italy. |
| | D) | Italy and Spain. |
| | E) | northern Germany and Poland. |
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| 11 | |
Napoleon's campaigns against Russia in 1807 to 1808 resulted in |
| | A) | a crushing victory that gave France control of the Russian Empire. |
| | B) | a narrow victory that gave France control over Russia's western provinces. |
| | C) | an agreement that divided Europe into French and Russian spheres of influence. |
| | D) | a devastating defeat that was the beginning of the end for Napoleon. |
| | E) | a resurgence of Prussian militarism. |
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| 12 | |
Napoleon created the Continental System to cut off British trade with Europe because |
| | A) | Admiral Nelson's defeat of the French and Spanish navies at Trafalgar made an invasion impossible. |
| | B) | he calculated that it was the most cost-effective way to bring the British Empire to its knees. |
| | C) | he realized that protecting European industry would make it stronger than Britain's in the long run. |
| | D) | Alexander III persuaded him that their joint dominance of Europe would be secured by economic links. |
| | E) | it was central to the mercantilist economic theories that Napoleon instituted once he had power. |
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| 13 | |
The effects of Napoleon's economic war with Britain included all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | curtailing British business and sparking war-weariness and labor unrest. |
| | B) | provoking a British counter-blockade that cut Europe off from overseas. |
| | C) | alienating Napoleon's European subjects, who bore the brunt of the burden. |
| | D) | forcing Britain to come to terms in order to stave off an economic collapse. |
| | E) | leading the British to require that neutral ships stop at British ports and purchase a license and pay a tariff. |
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| 14 | |
Napoleon was able to insure a flow of new recruits to his army by all of the following means EXCEPT |
| | A) | assigning quotas to each department, which were then fulfilled by a lottery among all fit 19 year olds. |
| | B) | sending troops to sweep through areas with high levels of draft evasion to punish evaders' families. |
| | C) | calling up younger men and older men who had high lottery numbers during emergencies. |
| | D) | forcing satellite countries and allied nations to send men to join the French army during 1814. |
| | E) | having panels of doctors verify or reject claims for medical exemptions. |
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| 15 | |
French rule in Spain was resisted by all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | the Spanish army. |
| | B) | the Bourbon dynasty. |
| | C) | guerrilla bands. |
| | D) | an English army. |
| | E) | the Catholic monks. |
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| 16 | |
Of the 600,000 soldiers Napoleon led into Russia, he lost |
| | A) | less than 50,000. |
| | B) | around 100,000. |
| | C) | at least 250,000. |
| | D) | more than 500,000. |
| | E) | 150,000 |
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| 17 | |
Prussia built up its strength after the defeat of 1806 by all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | opening more high positions to non-nobles and reducing some noble privileges. |
| | B) | creating an army reserve to increase the number of men who could be mobilized. |
| | C) | establishing the concepts of citizenship, representation, and constitutional rule. |
| | D) | promoting the idea of a war of national liberation "With God for King and Fatherland." |
| | E) | negotiating alliances with other anti-French nations. |
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| 18 | |
Napoleon's legend rests on all of the following foundations EXCEPT |
| | A) | his dramatic and manifold achievements in government. |
| | B) | his self-conscious attempts to style his own image during his rule and in his memoirs. |
| | C) | the congruence of his life with the Romantic concepts of genius and heroism. |
| | D) | the fact that he was a nice guy. |
| | E) | his stunning battlefield prowess. |
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| 19 | |
With the fall of Paris in 1814, Napoleon abdicated the throne and was exiled to |
| | A) | Corsica. |
| | B) | Sicily. |
| | C) | London. |
| | D) | Rome. |
| | E) | Elba. |
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| 20 | |
The Argentine general who defeated the Spanish army and won independence for his country was |
| | A) | Simón Bolívar. |
| | B) | José de San Martín. |
| | C) | Ferdinand VII. |
| | D) | Cortes of Cádiz. |
| | E) | Baron Stein. |
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