 |
| 1 | |
What were the three unifying elements that held together the Roman Empire? |
| | A) | the figure of the emperor, the civil bureaucracy, and the army. |
| | B) | the civil bureaucracy, the priesthood, and the army. |
| | C) | the army, the priesthood, and the law. |
| | D) | the priesthood, the empire, and the civil bureaucracy. |
| | E) | the collection of taxes, the priesthood, and the figure of the emperor. |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
None of the Julio-Claudian emperors after Augustus were particularly distinguished, but they managed to |
| | A) | add extensive territories in the East. |
| | B) | preserve the empire in peace. |
| | C) | recast provincial administration. |
| | D) | restore power to the Senate. |
| | E) | return Rome to a republican form of government. |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
A key to stability during the reign of the "Five Good Emperors" was their practice of |
| | A) | involving the Praetorian Guard in the process of picking a successor. |
| | B) | insisting that the eldest son should succeed an emperor upon his death. |
| | C) | allowing the Senate to elect their successor before their death. |
| | D) | adopting a well-qualified leader as their son and successor. |
| | E) | disbanding the Senate if it questioned any imperial actions. |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
During the late Republic and early Empire, the economy was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | extraordinary prosperity. |
| | B) | the growth of towns in the West to rival those of the East. |
| | C) | the growth of commercial estates in place of small farms in Italy. |
| | D) | the growth of provincial areas in competition with Italy. |
| | E) | the centrality of agriculture as the basic support of the economy. |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
All of the following characterized society in the first centuries of the Roman Empire EXCEPT |
| | A) | exceptionally high living standards for the upper classes. |
| | B) | conditions for the urban workers far below those of the peasantry. |
| | C) | considerable social mobility. |
| | D) | a huge population dependent on public allotments of grain. |
| | E) | the gap between rich and poor was much wider in Rome than in Greece. |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
Permanent Roman contributions to Western Civilization included all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | a rich and complex system of civil law. |
| | B) | the extension of literature to the lower classes. |
| | C) | the use of arches and vaults on a large scale. |
| | D) | a system of roads across Western Europe. |
| | E) | the invention of concrete. |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
All of the following contributed to the period of crisis from 192 to 284 EXCEPT |
| | A) | economic decline. |
| | B) | debilitating wars along the frontiers. |
| | C) | the rise of Christianity. |
| | D) | the decline of efficient administration. |
| | E) | the rise of political gamblers or warlords to power. |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
Which of the following did the Roman slave system accomplish? |
| | A) | It provided a reliable work force with strong incentives to work hard. |
| | B) | It promoted technological innovation to replace human power with machinery. |
| | C) | It permitted a calculated use of labor in relation to land and capital. |
| | D) | It insured a reliable flow of replacement workers for the aging and the dead. |
| | E) | It freed up land for the colonates. |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
The government tried to reverse rural depopulation by all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | allowing foreigners to settle on unused land within the Empire. |
| | B) | attracting free Romans from the cities by offering land on good terms. |
| | C) | freeing large numbers of slaves and granting them farmsteads. |
| | D) | prohibiting farmers and their children from leaving their farm. |
| | E) | establishing colonates to attract freeborn farmers to rural areas. |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
Diocletian restored the stability of the Empire by doing all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | converting to Christianity. |
| | B) | sharing power with three other rulers. |
| | C) | establishing an authoritarian bureaucracy. |
| | D) | strengthening the tax system. |
| | E) | combating inflation by fixing maximum prices for nearly all goods and also fixing maximum wages. |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
By the end of Constantine's rule, all of the following were true EXCEPT |
| | A) | the capital had been moved to Byzantium, which came to be known as Constantinople. |
| | B) | the Roman army had ceased to be an effective force, since repeated defeats demoralized it. |
| | C) | the economy had become virtually stagnant, as the state tried to force people to produce. |
| | D) | government had become remote from the people, with the emperor insulated even from the court. |
| | E) | many of the customs of kneeling before the emperor and other marks of royalty became traditional and remained so in European monarchies. |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
All of the following are reasons given for the fall of the Western Empire EXCEPT |
| | A) | economic decline caused by the decline of trade and a labor shortage. |
| | B) | social decay caused by governmental regulation of productive people and support of unproductive ones. |
| | C) | cultural disillusionment as Romans satisfied with traditional religion rejected official Christianity. |
| | D) | geographic conditions that made it easier for invaders to move into the West than the East. |
| | E) | the weakening of the central government and the rise of self-sufficient local estates as the main economic and political units of Western Europe. |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
Christianity differed from all of the mystery religions because it |
| | A) | held out the promise of a blessed afterlife. |
| | B) | held its teachings to be a greater mystery than theirs. |
| | C) | involved initiation rites leading to an ecstatic experience of God. |
| | D) | called on its adherence to practice love and justice in their daily lives. |
| | E) | posited a god of light and a god of darkness. |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
The Jewish factions included all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | the Sadducees, formed of the landed aristocracy and the high priests. |
| | B) | the Pharisees, who were pious middle-class lay people. |
| | C) | the Essenes, ascetic priests who settled at Qumran. |
| | D) | the Maccabees, who were pious Jewish nationalists who fought a guerrilla war against the Romans. |
| | E) | the Eleusians, poor farmers awaiting the Messiah. |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
St. Paul's critical contribution to Christianity was |
| | A) | to end Jewish participation in the persecution of Christians. |
| | B) | to convert his fellow Pharisee to Christianity. |
| | C) | to show that Christianity was a direct continuation of Jewish traditions. |
| | D) | to open the religion to gentiles as well as Jews. |
| | E) | to unleash the forces of anti-Semitism in early Christian communities. |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
The development of Church government was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | the gradual exclusion of women. |
| | B) | the steady strengthening of the power of bishops. |
| | C) | the creation of a resilient institutional structure. |
| | D) | increasing exclusiveness towards potential converts. |
| | E) | the emergence of a systematic dogma. |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
The adoption of Christianity as the Empire's official religion resulted in |
| | A) | the use of government repression against the Church's opponents. |
| | B) | the end to religious persecution by the government. |
| | C) | a civil war between adherents of the old religion and the new. |
| | D) | the rapid collapse of the Western Empire. |
| | E) | the rise of a theocracy in the east. |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
The chief value of heresies to Christianity was that they |
| | A) | created alternative forms of the religion that helped it appeal to a broad range of people. |
| | B) | forced it to define its doctrines ever more clearly. |
| | C) | drew off people whose lacked a genuine commitment to the religion. |
| | D) | encouraged Christians to practice love and tolerance toward each other. |
| | E) | established a healthy theological competition within the Church. |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
The relationship between Christianity and pagan classical culture was that |
| | A) | Christians rejected any attempt to make use of pagan texts. |
| | B) | classical paganism gradually eroded belief in Christian revelation. |
| | C) | pagans refused to allow Christians to utilize their educational materials. |
| | D) | Christians used pagan texts as educational tools, thereby preserving them. |
| | E) | Christians synthesized pagan views with their own. |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
The Church fathers were important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT |
| | A) | they produced commentaries and histories that were models for future generations. |
| | B) | they refined the text of the Scriptures in light of the original Hebrew and translated them into Latin. |
| | C) | they accommodated the teachings of Christian morality to peoples' natural urges for sex and comfort. |
| | D) | they established the doctrine that the church was in spiritual matters above the government. |
| | E) | their efforts strengthened the ecclesiastical apparatus and brought stability to the Church. |
|
|
.