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| 1 | |
Heraclius accomplished all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | defeating the Persian Empire. |
| | B) | creating the system of themes. |
| | C) | resisting Moslem encroachments. |
| | D) | recapturing the Holy Cross. |
| | E) | rekindling imperial pride after a series of military disasters. |
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| 2 | |
The Byzantine Empire's government can best be characterized as |
| | A) | inefficient. |
| | B) | theocratic. |
| | C) | arbitrary. |
| | D) | democratic. |
| | E) | bureaucratic. |
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| 3 | |
The Eastern Church and the Roman Church differed in all of the following ways EXCEPT |
| | A) | their doctrines on the relationship between God, Christ, and the Holy Spirit. |
| | B) | the language used in the liturgy. |
| | C) | their desire to expand Christendom through missionary activity. |
| | D) | their relationships to civil authority. |
| | E) | the rules governing divorce. |
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| 4 | |
Byzantine missionaries had their greatest successes in converting the |
| | A) | Muslims. |
| | B) | Turks. |
| | C) | Greeks. |
| | D) | Persians. |
| | E) | Slavs. |
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| 5 | |
The theme system involved all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | paying soldiers and sailors by granting them their own farms. |
| | B) | putting a general in charge of civil administration. |
| | C) | letting farmers make decisions about common lands. |
| | D) | expanding the use of slaves and mercenary soldiers. |
| | E) | soldier-farmers fighting in their own theme armies to defend their lands. |
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| 6 | |
The single most important commodity produced by the Byzantine Empire was |
| | A) | wine. |
| | B) | spices. |
| | C) | furniture. |
| | D) | gold. |
| | E) | silk. |
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| 7 | |
Byzantine culture produced significant examples of all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | historical scholarship. |
| | B) | religious mosaics. |
| | C) | biblical commentaries. |
| | D) | scientific advances. |
| | E) | the preservation of classical Greek literature. |
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| 8 | |
The social transformations that weakened the Byzantine Empire included all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | the increasing power of local landlords. |
| | B) | the decline of the peasantry into serfdom. |
| | C) | the declining authority of the central government. |
| | D) | the growing power of the Church over lay society. |
| | E) | the disintegration of the theme system and the subsequent reduction in military manpower. |
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| 9 | |
The Arabs' were receptive to Muhammad's message because they |
| | A) | were hearty desert nomads, well adapted to their harsh environment. |
| | B) | lived between the stronger powers of Byzantium, Persia, and Abyssinia. |
| | C) | were already in a state of political and religious ferment. |
| | D) | were extremely spirited, tenacious, and formidable warriors. |
| | E) | had already tried and rejected Christianity. |
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| 10 | |
Ideas similar to which of the following religions are NOT found to any significant extent in Islam? |
| | A) | Christianity |
| | B) | Judaism |
| | C) | Zoroastrianism |
| | D) | Traditional Arab paganism |
| | E) | Hinduism |
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| 11 | |
Muhammad's leadership of Medina affected the nature of his teachings by |
| | A) | making him intolerant of Christians and Jews. |
| | B) | focusing him on problems of law and government. |
| | C) | convincing him that religion and secular affairs cannot be mixed. |
| | D) | introducing him to Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian beliefs. |
| | E) | making him recognize the need for a powerful church bureaucracy. |
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| 12 | |
The central tenet of Islam is |
| | A) | the divine nature of Muhammad. |
| | B) | the special destiny of the Arabs. |
| | C) | submission to the will of God. |
| | D) | the separate role of the clergy. |
| | E) | the belief in the resurrection of God's son. |
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| 13 | |
Islam was able to expand rapidly for all of the following reasons EXCEPT |
| | A) | the Arabs' mastery of desert warfare. |
| | B) | the religion's easily comprehended beliefs. |
| | C) | the divisions within Persia and Byzantium. |
| | D) | Muhammad's inspired military leadership. |
| | E) | Islam fused the once-contending Arab clans and tribes into a unified and dedicated force. |
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| 14 | |
The Arab conquests had the effect of |
| | A) | disrupting the civilizations they affected, leading to their gradual but permanent decline. |
| | B) | creating a new community bound by faith and language and distinguished by economic and cultural vigor. |
| | C) | creating a series of autonomous cultural areas bound by faith but united by little else. |
| | D) | transforming the civilizations they affected from cosmopolitan urban to insular rural societies. |
| | E) | embracing numerous economic systems. |
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| 15 | |
Medieval Islamic culture made significant advances in all of the following areas EXCEPT |
| | A) | archeology. |
| | B) | medicine. |
| | C) | mathematics. |
| | D) | philosophy. |
| | E) | astronomy. |
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| 16 | |
The resurgence of the West via the Islamic world was signified by all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | the beginning of the reconquest of Spain. |
| | B) | Christian successes in the Western Mediterranean. |
| | C) | the Seljuk capture of Baghdad. |
| | D) | the success of the First Crusade. |
| | E) | the rise of the Italians and other westerners to maritime and commercial dominance in the Mediterranean region. |
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| 17 | |
Charlemagne's success ultimately depended on |
| | A) | victory in war. |
| | B) | papal support. |
| | C) | his physical presence. |
| | D) | his deep learning. |
| | E) | his talents as a linguist. |
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| 18 | |
Charlemagne made his government effective by all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | capitalizing on his prestige as emperor. |
| | B) | traveling widely himself. |
| | C) | sending inspectors to scrutinize a county each year. |
| | D) | creating an elaborate bureaucracy. |
| | E) | promoting unity by standardizing weights, measures, and money. |
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| 19 | |
The Carolingian Renaissance accomplished all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | creating an improved handwriting for manuscripts. |
| | B) | establishing a new standard form of Latin. |
| | C) | standardizing religious texts. |
| | D) | creating an impressive array of monumental buildings. |
| | E) | the formation of an academy of scholars to discuss major intellectual issues. |
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| 20 | |
The Carolingian Empire began to decline when it ceased to expand because |
| | A) | the Byzantine Empire seized the opportunity to reassert itself at its expense. |
| | B) | the popes ceased to back it since it was no longer winning new converts to Christianity. |
| | C) | its constant wars had overtaxed its resources, crippling its economy. |
| | D) | it lost the ability to buy the aristocracy's loyalty with grants of new land. |
| | E) | of constant encroachments by Arab armies from the South. |
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