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| 1 | |
DNA fingerprinting is used |
| | A) | to provide a means of identifying identical DNA sequences. |
| | B) | as a forensics tool to provide evidence in a criminal case. |
| | C) | to identify genetic diseases. |
| | D) | to sequence fragments of DNA. |
| | E) | for all of the above. |
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| 2 | |
The most common host bacterium used in cloning is |
| | A) | E. coli. |
| | B) | S. aureus. |
| | C) | V. laevis. |
| | D) | A. tumefaciens. |
| | E) | B. thuringiensis. |
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| 3 | |
Fragments cut by most restriction endonucleases have |
| | A) | complementary double-stranded ends. |
| | B) | supplementary single-stranded ends. |
| | C) | double-stranded "sticky" ends. |
| | D) | complementary single-stranded ends. |
| | E) | double-stranded supplementary ends. |
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| 4 | |
Animals are not affected by Bt toxin in plant crops because |
| | A) | while it is toxic to insects, it is a normal metabolite for animals. |
| | B) | animals do not produce aromatic amino acids so Bt toxin cannot be incorporated into metabolic pathways. |
| | C) | it is destroyed by acids in the stomach. |
| | D) | animals lack the enzymes to convert it to the toxic form. |
| | E) | animals have the enzymes to convert it to a nontoxic substance. |
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| 5 | |
Which principle(s) allow gel electrophoresis to analyze DNA? |
| | A) | DNA is generally positively charged due to its nitrogenous bases so an electrical field forces it to move toward a negative pole. |
| | B) | Gravity. |
| | C) | The strong positive charges from the phosphate groups in the DNA backbone cause it to migrate toward the negative pole. |
| | D) | Diffusion. |
| | E) | The strong negative charges from the phosphate groups in the DNA backbone cause it to migrate toward the positive pole. |
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| 6 | |
Why is drug resistance useful in a gene construct intended to create a knockout breed of transgenic organism? |
| | A) | Damage to DNA is hard on the organism, so resistance to drugs and pathogens allow for more survivors of this rough treatment. |
| | B) | The genes which are removed through in vitro mutagenesis are usually involved in creating antibiotics. This drug resistance allows cells in which these genes are disrupted to still survive. |
| | C) | The new breeds of organism are of scientific interest only if they have new abilities as compared to the "normal" line from which they were derived. |
| | D) | Resistance to drugs is a function of being able to modify DNA quickly, so this allows faster formation of knockout lines. |
| | E) | Knockout lines are easily identified because when exposed to the drug, the nonrecombinant cells all die. |
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| 7 | |
Why is a subunit vaccine unlikely to cause infection from the original DNA donor (such as the herpes simplex virus) in a person being vaccinated? |
| | A) | Vaccines are all safe. |
| | B) | Because it's a subunit vaccine, the immune system of the person being inoculated is not involved. |
| | C) | Because of the precision with which transgenic viruses can be constructed, side effects from vaccination are unlikely. |
| | D) | DNA is not involved in making this vaccine, only proteins from the infectious agent. |
| | E) | Only a surface protein from the original infectious agent is involved, other genes involved in the infection cycle are carefully excluded. |
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| 8 | |
A considerable environmental concern about introduction of herbicide resistance into agricultural plants would be |
| | A) | that companies would not be able to keep up with the demand for the new variants because they are so popular. |
| | B) | because we understand so little about how a gene gives rise to a particular protein, we have no idea if introducing new genes into organisms will work or not. |
| | C) | introgression (horizontal transfer) of genes from agricultural varieties to wild plants would render commercial herbicides ineffective. |
| | D) | rapid mutation of the genomes of agriculturally important plants could threaten our food supply. |
| | E) | scientists have no evidence that an introduced gene will behave in any way similar to how it operated in the original organism. |
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| 9 | |
Why do bacterial cells contain restriction endonucleases? |
| | A) | They help identify mutated regions in the chromosome and initiate the excision repair pathway. |
| | B) | By selectively binding to particular nucleotide sequences that may appear in viral DNA, the cell can protect itself from infection. |
| | C) | These help the bacterium open up the DNA in their chromosomes so that transcription is easier. |
| | D) | They help the bacterium take up foreign DNA from their environment and combine it into their genome. |
| | E) | All of the above are reasons for bacteria to contain restriction endonucleases. |
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| 10 | |
How does a nucleic acid probe hybridize with a specific target sequence? |
| | A) | DNA-binding regions of the probe form motifs that can align along the major groove and "read" the appropriate sequence. |
| | B) | Probes will cut and integrate into specific regions of the DNA being analyzed, thereby marking the desired location. |
| | C) | Base-pairing between single-stranded probes and denatured target DNA allows them to anneal. |
| | D) | Reverse transcriptase amplifies the probe, which can then attract the target sequences from the DNA under analysis. |
| | E) | The probe integrate into non-coding regions during the process of splicing. |
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| 11 | |
Which technique will identify specific mRNA products? |
| | A) | Southern analysis |
| | B) | PCR |
| | C) | RFLP analysis |
| | D) | Northern analysis |
| | E) | Both 1 and 2 can be used to quantify gene expression. |
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| 12 | |
What would be one purpose of using an expression vector? |
| | A) | To see the effect of a gene product in an alternate location, or even a completely different species from which the gene was cloned. |
| | B) | The make many more copies of the cloned gene in order to get sufficient quantities for analysis. |
| | C) | To remove a particular gene from an organism in order to see how it operates without instructions from that particular locus. |
| | D) | All of the above are reasons for using an expression vector. |
| | E) | None of the above are reasons for using an expression vector. |
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| 13 | |
What is the basis for the efficacy of gene therapy? |
| | A) | It is cheap, because many viruses (each containing new genes) can be applied to many patients. |
| | B) | By adding new genes, the children of the treated individual will also be free of the disease. |
| | C) | DNA has a tendency to become replicated, so only a small dose can have a large impact on the treated individual. |
| | D) | Many genetic diseases arise because the individual lacks a particular gene. Gene therapy provides a "working copy" of the gene. |
| | E) | All of the above are bases for gene therapy effectiveness. |
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| 14 | |
"Golden rice" was created by |
| | A) | manipulating the genome of a commonly-grown agricultural species of plant. |
| | B) | introduction of DNA from both prokaryotes and other eukaryotes not closely related to the rice plant. |
| | C) | a public facility, and distributed without commercial restraints. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
| | E) | None of the above. |
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| 15 | |
In attempts to confer special characteristics upon plants, genetic engineers find Agrobacterium tumefaciens to be an effective vector for use with |
| | A) | corn. |
| | B) | rice. |
| | C) | wheat. |
| | D) | soybeans. |
| | E) | barley. |
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