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| 1 | |
What happens when an electron moves from a higher energy level orbital to a lower energy one? |
| | A) | Energy is released. |
| | B) | Energy is absorbed. |
| | C) | Another neutron is created in the nucleus. |
| | D) | The atom becomes a different element. |
| | E) | The atom emits the electron as radiation. |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following is (are) a criterion upon which the periodic table is organized? |
| | A) | Number of protons and repeating chemical properties. |
| | B) | Number of valence electrons and repeating chemical properties. |
| | C) | Number of neutrons and repeating chemical properties. |
| | D) | Number of electron orbitals and repeating chemical properties. |
| | E) | None of the above. |
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| 3 | |
Why do covalent bonds typically hold atoms together more tightly than ionic bonds under biological conditions? |
| | A) | Ionic bonds can only occur between metals and non-metals, and therefore aren't usually present in biological situations. |
| | B) | Ionic bonds are toxic to proteins. |
| | C) | You can have double covalent bonds, but not double ionic bonds, so covalent bonds provide more variety consistent with the structural demands required in biological systems. |
| | D) | Biological conditions are often aqueous, and the water would cause ionic bonds to dissociate. |
| | E) | Ions only form under extreme conditions not compatible with the cell's environment. |
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| 4 | |
Within a capillary tube, which forces cause the water to rise up within the tube's lumen (internal open space)? |
| | A) | Ionic bonding of individual water molecules provides energy for the water to move upwards. |
| | B) | The water molecules have a high specific heat capacity, so they absorb energy from the surroundings to move upwards. |
| | C) | Hydrogen bonding and gravity combine to force the water to move upwards. |
| | D) | Cohesion on the surface of the top of the water column pulls it upwards. |
| | E) | Adhesion to the walls of the tube cause the top surface to advance upward, and cohesion between the individual water molecules pull along the molecules beneath. |
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| 5 | |
Water behaves like most other molecules in all ways except that |
| | A) | It interacts strongly with other water molecules. |
| | B) | It can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas. |
| | C) | Its temperature correlates with how rapidly its individual molecules are moving. |
| | D) | As it freezes, its density decreases. |
| | E) | Its temperature increases when heat is applied, then holds the higher temperature after the heat source is no longer present. |
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