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| 1 | |
Viruses are not considered to be alive due to which of the following characteristics? |
| | A) | They consist only of DNA or RNA and protein. |
| | B) | They are not included in the taxonomic classification system. |
| | C) | They do not contain regulatory mechanisms. |
| | D) | They require a host cell to reproduce. |
| | E) | They lack structures to respond to their environments. |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following is NOT true of the kingdom Protista? |
| | A) | Organisms lack a nuclear envelope. |
| | B) | Organisms can be photosynthetic, heterotropic, or both. |
| | C) | Most organisms have a unicellular phase in their life cycles. |
| | D) | It consists of eukaryotic organisms. |
| | E) | Organisms have a cytoskeleton. |
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| 3 | |
What is one drawback from the Linnaean system for taxonomy? |
| | A) | All human-created systems are by nature based on highly artificial similarities. |
| | B) | There are few evolutionary connections between organisms within the various groups. |
| | C) | Evolutionary hypothesis are often mutually incompatible with each other, leading to confusion within Linnaean groups. |
| | D) | Many groups in the Linnaean system do not contain a common ancestor and all its descendants, which hides evolutionary connections. |
| | E) | The Linnaean system neglects most of the diversity seen in nature. |
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| 4 | |
What is the most likely origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria? |
| | A) | Serial endosymbiosis of first a heterotrophic bacterium, and then in plants, a subsequent acquisition of cyanobacteria. |
| | B) | Endosymbiosis of an ancestral prokaryote which diverged to form these organelles in a host which eventually gave rise to eukaryotes. |
| | C) | Uptake of DNA of eukaryotes from dead bacteria gave rise to new combinations, eventually forming these organelles through natural selection. |
| | D) | Ancestors to plants picked up a cyanobacterium which gave rise to chloroplasts. Animal ancestors did the same to a heterotrophic bacterium to establish mitochondria. |
| | E) | More than one of these answers is believed to be correct by most scientists. |
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| 5 | |
Of the organisms which are usually classified as protista, which one seems to share a common ancestor with members of the sponges? |
| | A) | Green algae |
| | B) | Fungi |
| | C) | Viridiplantae |
| | D) | Choanoflagellates |
| | E) | Any of the aerobic protists are considered candidates for this assignment. |
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| 6 | |
Why are land plants now considered members of the algal group Streptophyta, rather than their own kingdom? |
| | A) | Red algae are closely related to Chlorophyta, which confuses the determination of ancestral lineage. |
| | B) | Groups that include red algae and land plants are monophyletic as long as you don't include Chlorophyta. |
| | C) | Until molecular data were routinely included in cladistics, formation of groups was largely arbitrary. |
| | D) | Cell biology, biochemistry, and molecular systematics are providing consistent, clear evolutionary patterns upon which to base new evolutionary hypotheses. |
| | E) | All of the above make this new way of grouping more consistent with current data. |
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| 7 | |
Something can be considered alive if it clearly demonstrates at least ONE of the principle properties common to organisms. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
Which taxonomic category includes more creatures than an Order, but less than a Kingdom? |
| | A) | Genus |
| | B) | Species |
| | C) | Family |
| | D) | Class |
| | E) | Domain |
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| 9 | |
Why are the Archaea placed in a monophyletic category different that from Bacteria? |
| | A) | They have nuclei and membranous organelles. |
| | B) | They inhabit extreme environmental niches. |
| | C) | Although they are prokaryotes like true Bacteria, biochemically they are as different from them as animals are from bacteria. |
| | D) | According to cladistic analysis, Archaea seem to have branched off from animals. |
| | E) | With further research, we'll be able to more confidently place them in a category which includes members of the Bacteria domain. |
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| 10 | |
The Kingdom of Protista represents a monophyletic grouping. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 11 | |
Which classification group specific to plants includes the most members? |
| | A) | Charales |
| | B) | Viridiplantae |
| | C) | Streptophyta |
| | D) | Chlorophyta |
| | E) | Eukarya |
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| 12 | |
Segmentation arose |
| | A) | Once. |
| | B) | Twice. |
| | C) | Three times. |
| | D) | Four times. |
| | E) | More than four times. |
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| 13 | |
Hexapods (insects) with their six legs and terrestrial habitat are the closest relatives of |
| | A) | Myriopods. |
| | B) | Crustaceans. |
| | C) | Lophotrochozoans. |
| | D) | Mammals. |
| | E) | Ecdysozoans. |
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| 14 | |
The majority of mammals (over 90%) are |
| | A) | Eutherians. |
| | B) | Placental. |
| | C) | Monotremes. |
| | D) | Marcupials. |
| | E) | Both 1 and 2. |
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| 15 | |
The possibility exists that some adaptations to aquatic environments arose once in both elephants and |
| | A) | walruses. |
| | B) | pigs. |
| | C) | ducks. |
| | D) | mice. |
| | E) | hippos. |
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