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| 1 | |
Which of these facts about the spinal cord is (are) correct? |
| | A) | There are pairs of spinal nerves that exit the spinal cord. |
| | B) | The spinal cord extends inferiorly to the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra. |
| | C) | The spinal cord is anchored to the coccyx by the filum terminale. |
| | D) | Gray matter is superficial to the white matter of the spinal cord. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 2 | |
The most superficial of the meninges is the |
| | A) | arachnoid mater. |
| | B) | pia mater. |
| | C) | filum terminale. |
| | D) | dura mater. |
| | E) | conus medullaris. |
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| 3 | |
In a cross section of the spinal cord, the peripheral white portion consists of __________ forming nerve tracts, and the central gray portion consists of __________ , dendrites, and axons. |
| | A) | unmyelinated axons, neuron cell bodies |
| | B) | myelinated axons, sensory receptors |
| | C) | myelinated axons, neuron cell bodies |
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| 4 | |
The anterior (ventral) horn of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of |
| | A) | motor neurons to skeletal muscle. |
| | B) | sensory neurons. |
| | C) | association neurons. |
| | D) | motor neurons to the ANS. |
| | E) | the posterior funiculus. |
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| 5 | |
Sensory neurons entering the spinal cord |
| | A) | enter through the dorsal horn. |
| | B) | have their cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia. |
| | C) | travel through a spinal nerve. |
| | D) | synapse with an association neuron in the spinal cord. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 6 | |
The spinal nerves |
| | A) | contain sensory axons. |
| | B) | contain motor axons. |
| | C) | are formed from the convergence of dorsal and ventral roots. |
| | D) | exit the vertebral column via intervertebral foramina. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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| 7 | |
Given these components of a reflex:
1. association neuron
2. skeletal muscle
3. afferent neuron
4. efferent neuron
5. sensory receptor
Choose the sequence below that best represents the order followed in a reflex, from stimulus to response. |
| | A) | 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 |
| | B) | 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 |
| | C) | 5, 4, 3, 1, 2 |
| | D) | 5, 3, 1, 4, 2 |
| | E) | 5, 4, 1, 3, 2 |
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| 8 | |
Reflexes |
| | A) | are never homeostatic. |
| | B) | are automatic responses to a stimulus. |
| | C) | cannot be suppressed by higher brain functions. |
| | D) | are always simple pathways containing three neurons. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 9 | |
Stretch reflexes |
| | A) | cause muscles to contract in response to a stretching force being applied to them. |
| | B) | involve a sensory receptor (muscle spindle). |
| | C) | involve sensory neurons that directly synapse with motor neurons in the spinal cord. |
| | D) | help maintain posture. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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| 10 | |
A knee-jerk reflex is an example of the |
| | A) | crossed extensor reflex. |
| | B) | withdrawal reflex. |
| | C) | Golgi tendon reflex. |
| | D) | stretch reflex. |
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| 11 | |
The Golgi tendon reflex |
| | A) | involves the synapse of sensory neurons from the Golgi tendon organs with stimulating interneurons at the spinal cord. |
| | B) | prevents contracting muscles from applying excessive tension to tendons. |
| | C) | involves the stimulation of alpha neurons leading back to the muscles that are stretching tendons. |
| | D) | results in increased tension at tendons. |
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| 12 | |
The withdrawal reflex |
| | A) | includes the Golgi tendon organs. |
| | B) | includes the synapse of sensory neurons directly with alpha motor neurons. |
| | C) | helps to protect the body from painful stimuli. |
| | D) | is a response to increased tension at a tendon. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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| 13 | |
Which of these events occur when a person steps on a tack with their right foot? |
| | A) | The right foot is pulled away from the tack because of the Golgi tendon reflex. |
| | B) | The left leg is extended to support the body because of the stretch reflex. |
| | C) | The flexor muscles of the thigh contract, and the extensor muscles relax because of reciprocal innervation. |
| | D) | The extensor muscles of both thighs contract because of the crossed extensor reflex. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 14 | |
The connective tissue layer that surrounds a nerve fascicle is called the |
| | A) | endoneurium. |
| | B) | epineurium. |
| | C) | perineurium |
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| 15 | |
In the thoracic region, the ventral rami of spinal nerves form __________ ; elsewhere the ventral rami form __________ . |
| | A) | intercostal nerves, plexuses |
| | B) | dorsal nerves, ganglia |
| | C) | ventral nerves, splanchnic nerves |
| | D) | plexuses, dermatomes |
| | E) | ganglia, phrenic nerves |
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| 16 | |
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves innervate |
| | A) | anterior neck muscles. |
| | B) | deep back muscles. |
| | C) | intercostal muscles. |
| | D) | muscles of the upper limb. |
| | E) | plexuses. |
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| 17 | |
Damage to the dorsal root of a spinal nerve results in |
| | A) | loss of motor control. |
| | B) | loss of parasympathetic function. |
| | C) | loss of sensory input. |
| | D) | both a and b |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 18 | |
In spinal cord injury |
| | A) | there may be loss of sensation and motor functions. |
| | B) | classification is done according to the vertebral level at which the injury occurred, the extent of the cord damage, and the mechanism of the injury. |
| | C) | there is primary and secondary damage. |
| | D) | treatment may include the use of steroids to decrease total damage. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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| 19 | |
The numbers of spinal nerves correspond to the number of vertebrae in each region of the spine except for |
| | A) | cervical. |
| | B) | lumbar. |
| | C) | sacral. |
| | D) | thoracic. |
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| 20 | |
The plexus that originates from C1-C4 is the |
| | A) | brachial plexus. |
| | B) | cervical plexus. |
| | C) | lumbar plexus. |
| | D) | sacral plexus. |
| | E) | coccygeal plexus. |
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| 21 | |
Given the following structures from the brachial plexus:
1. ventral rami
2. chords
3. divisions
4. branches
5. trunks
What is the correct sequence of structures emerging from the brachial plexus? |
| | A) | 5,4,1,2,3 |
| | B) | 1,4,3,2,5 |
| | C) | 1,5,3,2,4 |
| | D) | 2,3,5,1,4 |
| | E) | 1,5,4,2,3 |
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| 22 | |
The plexus that originates from spinal nerves C5-T1 is the |
| | A) | brachial plexus. |
| | B) | cervical plexus. |
| | C) | lumbar plexus. |
| | D) | sacral plexus. |
| | E) | coccygeal plexus. |
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| 23 | |
Which of these nerves innervates the deltoid muscle and provides sensory input from the shoulder? |
| | A) | axillary nerve |
| | B) | median nerve |
| | C) | musculocutaneous nerve |
| | D) | radial nerve |
| | E) | ulnar nerve |
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| 24 | |
Which of these nerves provides cutaneous innervation to the posterior surface of the arm and forearm, and the lateral two-thirds of the dorsum of the hand? |
| | A) | axillary nerve |
| | B) | median nerve |
| | C) | musculocutaneous nerve |
| | D) | radial nerve |
| | E) | ulnar nerve |
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| 25 | |
Which of these nerves provides cutaneous innervation to the lateral side of the forearm? |
| | A) | axillary nerve |
| | B) | median nerve |
| | C) | musculocutaneous nerve |
| | D) | radial nerve |
| | E) | ulnar nerve |
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| 26 | |
The __________ nerves originate from spinal nerves C3-C5 and innervate the diaphragm. |
| | A) | brachial |
| | B) | median |
| | C) | phrenic |
| | D) | radial |
| | E) | vagus |
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| 27 | |
Loss of ability to extend the arm, forearm, and hand indicates damage to what nerve? |
| | A) | axillary nerve |
| | B) | median nerve |
| | C) | musculocutaneous nerve |
| | D) | radial nerve |
| | E) | ulnar nerve |
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| 28 | |
This nerve, commonly called the "funny bone," passes behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus; it is the |
| | A) | axillary nerve. |
| | B) | median nerve. |
| | C) | musculocutaneous nerve. |
| | D) | radial nerve. |
| | E) | ulnar nerve. |
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| 29 | |
Which nerve innervates most of the flexor muscles of the forearm and the muscles of the the ulnar area of the hand? |
| | A) | axillary nerve |
| | B) | median nerve |
| | C) | musculocutaneous nerve |
| | D) | radial nerve |
| | E) | ulnar nerve |
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| 30 | |
A man suffers a shoulder injury, and as a result has very little strength when he tries to flex his forearm. The nerve most likely damaged is the |
| | A) | axillary nerve |
| | B) | median nerve |
| | C) | musculocutaneous nerve |
| | D) | radial nerve |
| | E) | ulnar nerve |
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| 31 | |
The plexus that originates from spinal nerves L1-L4 is the |
| | A) | cervical plexus. |
| | B) | brachial plexus. |
| | C) | lumbar plexus. |
| | D) | sacral plexus. |
| | E) | coccygeal plexus. |
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| 32 | |
Major nerves that exit the lumbosacral plexus and enter the lower limb include |
| | A) | obturator. |
| | B) | femoral. |
| | C) | tibial. |
| | D) | common fibular. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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| 33 | |
From which plexus does the ischiadic (sciatic) nerve originate? |
| | A) | brachial plexus |
| | B) | cervical plexus |
| | C) | coccygeal plexus |
| | D) | myenteric plexus |
| | E) | lumbosacral plexus |
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| 34 | |
Which of these nerves supplies muscles that adduct the thigh? |
| | A) | common fibular nerve |
| | B) | femoral nerve |
| | C) | obturator nerve |
| | D) | sural nerve |
| | E) | coccygeal plexus |
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| 35 | |
After suffering nerve damage, an accident victim is unable to flex his right thigh, or extend his right leg. The nerve most likely damaged is the |
| | A) | common fibular nerve. |
| | B) | femoral nerve. |
| | C) | obturator nerve. |
| | D) | tibial nerve. |
| | E) | coccygeal plexus. |
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| 36 | |
The ischiadic nerve is really two nerves, the tibial nerve and the |
| | A) | common fibular nerve. |
| | B) | femoral nerve. |
| | C) | obturator nerve. |
| | D) | coccygeal plexus. |
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| 37 | |
The nerve that innervates the hamstring muscles and posterior leg muscles is the |
| | A) | common fibular nerve. |
| | B) | femoral nerve. |
| | C) | obturator nerve. |
| | D) | tibial nerve. |
| | E) | coccygeal plexus. |
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| 38 | |
The medial and lateral plantar nerves, and the sural nerve are all branches of the |
| | A) | common fibular nerve. |
| | B) | femoral nerve. |
| | C) | obturator nerve. |
| | D) | tibial nerve. |
| | E) | coccygeal plexus. |
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| 39 | |
The anterior and lateral muscles of the leg and foot are innervated by the |
| | A) | common fibular nerve. |
| | B) | femoral nerve. |
| | C) | obturator nerve. |
| | D) | tibial nerve. |
| | E) | coccygeal plexus. |
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| 40 | |
Which plexus supplies motor innervation to the muscles of the pelvic floor and sensory cutaneous innervation to the skin over the coccyx? |
| | A) | cervical plexus |
| | B) | brachial plexus |
| | C) | lumbosacral plexus |
| | D) | coccygeal plexus |
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