Multiple Choice Quiz 1


1	Atoms are the smallest particles of any ________ carrying all the properties of that element.
	A)	molecule
	B)	macromolecule
	C)	element
	D)	metal



2	In a normal situation all atoms are
	A)	positively charged
	B)	electrically neutral
	C)	negatively charged
	D)	electrically insignificant



3	Electrons in the atom are the
	A)	moving particles in the orbits surrounding the nucleus
	B)	unwanted particles
	C)	heavy particles residing in the nucleus
	D)	subatomic particles that only have negative charges



4	Which one among the following is found in atoms of all elements EXCEPT for hydrogen?
	A)	electron
	B)	proton
	C)	nucleus
	D)	neutron



5	When different forms for the same atom exist due to the difference in the number of neutrons, they are known as
	A)	atoms
	B)	isotopes
	C)	neutrons
	D)	molecules



6	Which statement among the following is true?
	A)	Electrons are largely responsible for the weight of the atom.
	B)	Protons could easily move from one atom to other for the formation of molecules.
	C)	Depending on the number of electrons, they are moving in multiple orbits or shells.
	D)	Neutrons are another name for protons.



7	The capability of any atom (other than inert elements) to react or to form any molecule depends on the
	A)	number of electrons
	B)	number of protons
	C)	number of neutrons
	D)	total number of protons and electrons



8	For the formation of molecules, ___________ is involved.
	A)	mutual bonding
	B)	chemical reaction
	C)	chemical bonding
	D)	sharing of protons



9	From the periodic table what information about an element could be found?
	A)	number of electrons
	B)	number of protons
	C)	number of neutrons
	D)	all of the above information is available



10	An element has 7 electrons, 7 protons, and 7 neutrons, what will be the atomic weight of that element?
	A)	7
	B)	14
	C)	21
	D)	0



11	Atomic number of an element is determined by the
	A)	number of neutrons
	B)	position of electrons
	C)	number of protons
	D)	total number of electrons and protons


12	A covalent bond is characterized by
	A)	sharing electrons by the atoms
	B)	sharing electrons by one atom and gaining electrons by the other
	C)	the attractive force between oppositely charged atoms
	D)	involvement of too many different forces



13	At present how many elements are known?
	A)	32
	B)	125
	C)	500
	D)	108



14	Which of the following best describes a proton?
	A)	A proton has one positive charge, mass of one unit and found in nucleus.
	B)	A proton has negative charge, mass of one unit and found in nucleus.
	C)	A proton has one negative charge, no mass and found in nucleus.
	D)	A proton can have both positive and negative charge and found in nucleus.



15	When an atom is electrically charged (either positive or negative), it is known as a(n)
	A)	molecule
	B)	radiation
	C)	ion
	D)	element



16	In ionic bonding
	A)	only non-polar molecules are involved
	B)	a "sea of electrons" is formed
	C)	electrons are transferred from one atom to another
	D)	two hydrogen atoms share one pair of electrons



17	Peptide bonds are found in all the molecules of
	A)	carbohydrates
	B)	organic compounds
	C)	lipids
	D)	proteins



18	The four most abundant elements in the human body are
	A)	carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and iron
	B)	carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
	C)	calcium, hydrogen, sodium, and potassium
	D)	carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and zinc


19	The hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a molecule of water are held together by a(an) __________ bond.
	A)	polar covalent
	B)	ionic
	C)	peptide
	D)	hydrogen



20	Which statement about hydrogen bonding is true?
	A)	Hydrogen bond is formed by sharing electrons between atoms.
	B)	Hydrogen bond also requires formation of ions.
	C)	Hydrogen bond is a weak force between atoms in a molecule but is of enormous importance in physiology.
	D)	Hydrogen bond is nothing but a different form of hydrogen ion.



21	Bonding is necessary for the formation of
	A)	molecules
	B)	ionic radiation
	C)	elements
	D)	atoms



22	A molecule is said to be _______ when it gains one or more electrons.
	A)	a free radical
	B)	electrified
	C)	oxydized
	D)	reduced



23	When two atoms are held together because their valence electrons orbit around both of them, they are united by a(n) ________ bond.
	A)	ionic
	B)	hydrogen
	C)	covalent
	D)	electron



24	The complex and unique three-dimensional structure of a protein molecule is maintained largely by __________ bonds.
	A)	electrovalent
	B)	covalent
	C)	ionic
	D)	hydrogen



25	The molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₆ means it has the following constituents
	A)	one hydrogen and two oxygen atoms
	B)	one carbon, one hydrogen and one oxygen atoms
	C)	six carbon, twelve hydrogen and six oxygen atoms
	D)	one carbon, two hydrogen and one oxygen atoms



26	When molecules are formed by sharing electrons equally, those molecules are called
	A)	salt molecules
	B)	polar covalent
	C)	non-polar covalent
	D)	macromolecules



27	Which of the following statements about molecules is true?
	A)	When two or more atoms bond, they form a new structure called a molecule.
	B)	Molecules have to be formed by atoms of same type of elements.
	C)	Molecules have to be formed by atoms of different type of elements.
	D)	All of the above statements are false.



28	Which one among the following expresses the chemical formula of glucose?
	A)	C₆H₆O₆
	B)	C₆H₁₂O₆
	C)	CO₂H₂O
	D)	C⁶H¹²O⁶



29	Small molecules combine to form
	A)	atoms
	B)	atomic molecules
	C)	macromolecules
	D)	micromolecules



30	An example of macromolecules in our body includes
	A)	nucleic acids
	B)	proteins
	C)	carbohydrates and lipids
	D)	all of the above



31	If there are two lines connecting the atoms in any molecule, those double lines represent a(an)
	A)	single bond
	B)	double bond
	C)	ionic bond
	D)	no relation



32	Which statement about solubility of a compound is TRUE?
	A)	Compounds are always solid and cannot be dissolved in any solution.
	B)	Solubility properties of compounds are completely unknown.
	C)	Compounds are always liquid and can be dissolved in any solution.
	D)	Compounds, depending on their structure, could be water-soluble or fat-soluble.



33	Tissues can suffer extensive damage from ________________, due to the lack of antioxidants in the body.
	A)	free radicals
	B)	free electrolytes
	C)	free energy
	D)	a pH imbalance



34	A(n) _______ reaction is one in which two or more smaller molecules with low free energy are combined into a larger molecule with greater free energy.
	A)	endergonic
	B)	exergonic
	C)	synthesis
	D)	decomposition



35	An oxidizing agent _______ the molecule it oxidizes.
	A)	increases the size of
	B)	adds H or H₂ to
	C)	adds electrons to
	D)	reduces the free energy of



36	A reduction reaction is always accompanied by
	A)	an oxidation reaction
	B)	decomposition
	C)	some energy release
	D)	huge nuclear decay



37	Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?
	A)	Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide.
	B)	Sucrose is chemically broken down to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose.
	C)	Sodium chloride is dissolved in water.
	D)	Several dipeptide chains are formed from digestion of a long polypeptide chain.



38	Physical and chemical changes occurring in the body are defined as
	A)	metabolism.
	B)	a synthesis reaction.
	C)	a decomposition reaction.
	D)	digestion.


39	The reaction Na + Cl → NaCl is an example of a(n) _________ reaction.
	A)	exchange
	B)	synthesis
	C)	decomposition
	D)	catalyzed



40	The most penetrating and harmful type of ionizing radiation produced by uranium and plutonium is _________ radiation.
	A)	gamma
	B)	alpha
	C)	ultraviolet
	D)	beta



41	Which of the following general equations depicts an exchange reaction?
	A)	AB→ A + B
	B)	A + B → AB
	C)	AB + CD → AC + BD
	D)	AB → A^– + B +



42	Catabolism is a collective term for all the body's _______ reactions.
	A)	endergonic
	B)	decomposition
	C)	reduction
	D)	synthesis



43	If an atom has 3 electrons in its second shell and its first shell is filled, it will tend to
	A)	lose 3 electrons from its second shell
	B)	lose all of the electrons from its first shell
	C)	lose all of the electrons from its first and second shells
	D)	gain 2 electrons in its second shell



44	Electrolytes are substances that
	A)	form covalent bonds with water.
	B)	ionize when dissolved in water.
	C)	cannot conduct electricity in solution.
	D)	are not found in the human body in any appreciable amounts.



45	Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for
	A)	release of energy
	B)	digestion of food products
	C)	growth of body parts
	D)	neutralization of acids by buffers



46	Which of the following reactions represents a decomposition reaction?
	A)	A + B → C + D
	B)	A + B → AB
	C)	AB → A + B
	D)	C + D → AB



47	A chemical reaction in which pairs of two different molecules trade positions with one another is called __________.
	A)	decomposition
	B)	exchange
	C)	reversible
	D)	synthesis



48	Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
	A)	synthesis reaction - two reactants combine to form a larger product
	B)	decomposition reaction - large reactant broken into smaller products
	C)	oxidation - gain of electrons
	D)	dehydration reaction - water is a product of the reaction



49	Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions?
	A)	temperature
	B)	concentration of reactants
	C)	presence of catalysts
	D)	all of these will influence the rate of chemical reactions



50	Energy stored in ATP is a form of _________ energy.
	A)	mechanical
	B)	chemical
	C)	potential
	D)	heat



51	A base is defined as a chemical that
	A)	accepts H⁺
	B)	releases H⁺
	C)	releases H₂O
	D)	accepts OH^–


52	A solution that resists changes in pH when H⁺ or OH^– ions are added to it, is called a(n)
	A)	buffer
	B)	base
	C)	alkali
	D)	neutral solution


53	When hydrogen ion concentration increases, pH
	A)	increases
	B)	decreases
	C)	doesn't change
	D)	changes to neutral


54	The pH is a scale that measures the
	A)	concentration of hydrogen ions in solution
	B)	amounts of salts dissolved in water
	C)	number of hydroxyl ions in water
	D)	strength of an electrical current carried by a solution


55	A(n) _____________ solution contains equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions.
	A)	acidic
	B)	basic
	C)	alkaline
	D)	neutral


56	Normal blood pH is maintained within a range of
	A)	7.35 - 8.5
	B)	7.35 - 7.45
	C)	4.5 - 5.5
	D)	1 - 14



57	The activity of enzymes depends on the optimum pH. What is the optimum pH for the enzyme pepsin secreted from the stomach?
	A)	12 - 14
	B)	0 - 7
	C)	1.5 - 2
	D)	7.35 - 7.45



58	Substances formed by the reaction between an acid and a base are known as
	A)	buffers
	B)	salts
	C)	compounds
	D)	macromolecules



59	Which one among the following is an example of a salt?
	A)	calcium carbonate
	B)	sodium chloride
	C)	magnesium sulfate
	D)	all of the above are examples of salt



60	Lemon juice and vinegar are__________ in nature.
	A)	basic
	B)	salts
	C)	acidic
	D)	neutral


61	Which one among the following has a major role in our body structure?
	A)	calcium carbonate
	B)	sodium chloride
	C)	magnesium sulfate
	D)	all of the above



62	When a solute is dissolved in any solvent, the resulting mixture is called
	A)	a(n) solute
	B)	decomposed
	C)	a(n) solution
	D)	a(n) alcohol



63	Inorganic substances dissolve in water or react with water to release ions. Thus they are known as
	A)	salts
	B)	electrolytes
	C)	bases
	D)	inorganic compounds



64	Inorganic compounds do not contain which of the following bonds?
	A)	carbon and hydrogen
	B)	nitrogen and hydrogen
	C)	oxygen and hydrogen
	D)	carbon and sulfur



65	Most metabolic reactions occur in
	A)	alcohol
	B)	blood
	C)	carbon dioxide
	D)	water



66	To maintain homeostasis which of the following conditions are necessary?
	A)	Electrolytic imbalance is necessary.
	B)	Water volume has to be very low.
	C)	Electrolyte balance is key for maintaining homeostasis.
	D)	There should not be any formation of ions.



67	Which statement regarding the role of water in the body is true?
	A)	Water can absorb and transport heat.
	B)	Water is the most abundant compound in the body.
	C)	Water carries nutrients as well as waste materials.
	D)	All of the above statements are true regarding the role of water in the body.



68	Some inorganic compounds like __________mostly known as harmful are also required for some of the vital body functions.
	A)	NO and CO
	B)	H₂O and CO₂
	C)	NaCl and PO₄
	D)	NH₄ and O₂



69	Carbon dioxide in our body is present
	A)	after the reaction occurs to synthesize protein
	B)	as a genetic factor
	C)	as a result of respiration
	D)	as a necessary compound for our body structure



70	Saline given to a patient to avoid dehydration is a solution of
	A)	sodium chloride
	B)	carbon dioxide
	C)	oxygen in water
	D)	sodium bicarbonate



71	Substances dissolved in the liquid portion of a solution are called the
	A)	solutes
	B)	solvents
	C)	catalysts
	D)	osmoles



72	Organic compounds are those that always contain
	A)	carbon and oxygen
	B)	carbon and hydrogen
	C)	hydrogen and oxygen
	D)	sulfur and phosphorus



73	Carbohydrates are also known as
	A)	harmful chemicals
	B)	primary source of energy
	C)	necessary components for protein formation
	D)	unsaturated compounds



74	A simple carbohydrate is characterized by
	A)	having a molecular formula of C₆H₁₂O₆
	B)	being a building block of nucleic acids
	C)	having several polypeptide chains joined together
	D)	having too many double bonds



75	There are four vital organic compounds in the human body; those are
	A)	carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
	B)	proteins, cholesterol, hydrocarbons, and sodium chloride
	C)	carbohydrate, protein, plastic, and nucleic acid
	D)	sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, calcium carbonate, phospholipid



76	A major function of Deoxyribo Nucleic Acids (DNA) is that DNA
	A)	helps in the synthesis of varieties of nucleic acids
	B)	is important in building muscles
	C)	stores genetic information
	D)	is important in building carbohydrates



77	Which of the following statements about lipids is true?
	A)	Lipids are insoluble in water.
	B)	Cholesterol and fats are different varieties of lipids.
	C)	Fat molecules contain C, H, and O, but the proportion of oxygen is much smaller than in carbohydrates.
	D)	All of the above statements are true about lipids.



78	A general characteristic of nucleic acids is that they are
	A)	very small, simple molecules
	B)	a combination of inorganic and organic compound
	C)	all composed of building blocks called nucleotides
	D)	a type of inorganic compound



79	A protein can become denatured when
	A)	bonds between C-O are broken
	B)	weak hydrogen bonds are broken
	C)	peptide bonds are broken
	D)	none of the above



80	Which of the following statements about proteins is true?
	A)	Proteins are necessary for body structure and they serve as energy sources, and chemical messengers.
	B)	Proteins are made up with C, H, O, and N, and sometimes S.
	C)	They can act as enzymes.
	D)	All of the above statements are about proteins.



81	Which of the following is an organic compound?
	A)	hydrochloric acid (HCl)
	B)	salt (NaCl)
	C)	glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
	D)	water (H₂O)



82	The molecule used most frequently by cells as a fuel belongs to which of the following groups?
	A)	prostaglandins
	B)	carbohydrates
	C)	nucleic acids
	D)	steroids



83	Proteins are composed of building blocks called
	A)	triacylglycerols
	B)	phospholipids
	C)	amino acids
	D)	monosaccharides


84	The primary structure of a protein is determined by the
	A)	number of polypeptide chains in the molecule
	B)	sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
	C)	folded, helical nature of the molecule
	D)	the number of polypeptide and hydrogen bonds



85	Carbohydrates contain units known as
	A)	phosphate groups
	B)	monosaccharides
	C)	amino acids
	D)	steroids



86	Which of the following is mismatched?
	A)	cholesterol — nucleic acid
	B)	enzyme — protein
	C)	ribose — RNA
	D)	triglycerol — fat



87	Which of the following is a source of nitrogen for the body?
	A)	carbohydrates
	B)	water
	C)	proteins
	D)	glucose



88	Which of the following would be classified as a lipid?
	A)	cholesterol—a steroid
	B)	alanine—an amino acid
	C)	starch—a polysaccharide
	D)	catalase—an enzyme



89	Adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain are held together by _________ bonds.
	A)	hydrogen
	B)	ionic
	C)	Van der Waals
	D)	peptide



90	Hemoglobin in the red blood cells is formed by the ____________ structure of protein.
	A)	primary
	B)	quaternary
	C)	secondary
	D)	tertiary



91	How many strands of nucleic acids are there in a DNA molecule?
	A)	10
	B)	5
	C)	4
	D)	2


92	A(n) _______ is any chemical that easily donates electrons to other chemicals.
	A)	oxidizing agent
	B)	reducing agent
	C)	catalyst
	D)	reactant

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