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| 1 | |
The fibrous pericardium |
| | A) | is in contact with the heart. |
| | B) | is a serous membrane. |
| | C) | is also known as the epicardium. |
| | D) | forms the outer layer of the pericardial sac. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 2 | |
Which of these structures returns blood to the right atrium? |
| | A) | coronary sinus |
| | B) | inferior vena cava |
| | C) | superior vena cava |
| | D) | both b and c |
| | E) | all of the above |
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| 3 | |
The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the |
| | A) | aortic semilunar valve. |
| | B) | pulmonary semilunar valve. |
| | C) | tricuspid valve. |
| | D) | bicuspid (mitral) valve. |
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| 4 | |
The papillary muscles |
| | A) | are attached to chordae tendineae. |
| | B) | are found in the atria. |
| | C) | contract to close the foramen ovale. |
| | D) | are attached to the semilunar valves. |
| | E) | surround the openings of the coronary arteries. |
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| 5 | |
Given these blood vessels:
1. aorta
2. inferior vena cava
3. pulmonary trunk
4. pulmonary vein
Choose the arrangement that lists the vessels in the order a red blood cell would encounter them in going from the systemic veins back to the systemic arteries. |
| | A) | 1,3,4,2 |
| | B) | 2,3,4,1 |
| | C) | 2,4,3,1 |
| | D) | 3,2,1,4 |
| | E) | 3,4,2,1 |
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| 6 | |
Which of these does not correctly describe the skeleton of the heart? |
| | A) | electrically insulates the atria from the ventricles |
| | B) | provides a rigid source of attachment for the cardiac muscle |
| | C) | functions to reinforce or support the valve openings |
| | D) | is composed mainly of cartilage |
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| 7 | |
The bulk of the heart wall is |
| | A) | epicardium. |
| | B) | pericardium. |
| | C) | myocardium. |
| | D) | endocardium. |
| | E) | exocardium. |
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| 8 | |
Muscular ridges on the interior surface of the auricles are called |
| | A) | trabeculae carneae. |
| | B) | crista terminalis. |
| | C) | musculi pectinati. |
| | D) | endocardium. |
| | E) | papillary muscles. |
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| 9 | |
Cardiac muscle has |
| | A) | sarcomeres. |
| | B) | a sarcoplasmic reticulum. |
| | C) | transverse tubules. |
| | D) | many mitochondria. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 10 | |
Action potentials pass from one cardiac muscle cell to another |
| | A) | through gap junctions. |
| | B) | by a special cardiac nervous system. |
| | C) | because of the large voltage of the action potentials. |
| | D) | because of the plateau phase of the action potentials. |
| | E) | by neurotransmitters. |
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| 11 | |
During the transmission of action potentials through the conducting system of the heart, there is a temporary delay at the |
| | A) | bundle branches. |
| | B) | Purkinje fibers. |
| | C) | AV node. |
| | D) | SA node. |
| | E) | AV bundle. |
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| 12 | |
Given these structures of the conduction system of the heart:
1. atrioventricular bundle
2. AV node
3. bundle branches
4. Purkinje fibers
5. SA node
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order an action potential passes through them. |
| | A) | 2,5,1,3,4 |
| | B) | 2,5,3,1,4 |
| | C) | 2,5,4,1,3 |
| | D) | 5,2,1,3,4 |
| | E) | 5,2,4,3,1 |
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| 13 | |
Purkinje fibers |
| | A) | are specialized cardiac muscle cells. |
| | B) | conduct impulses much more slowly than ordinary cardiac muscle. |
| | C) | conduct action potentials through the atria. |
| | D) | connect between the SA node and the AV node. |
| | E) | ensure that ventricular contraction starts at the base of the heart. |
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| 14 | |
T waves on an ECG represent |
| | A) | depolarization of the ventricles. |
| | B) | repolarization of the ventricles. |
| | C) | depolarization of the atria. |
| | D) | repolarization of the atria. |
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| 15 | |
Which of these conditions observed in an electrocardiogram suggests that the AV node is not conducting action potentials? |
| | A) | complete lack of the P wave |
| | B) | complete lack of the QRS complex |
| | C) | more QRS complexes than P waves |
| | D) | a prolonged PR interval |
| | E) | P waves and QRS complexes are not synchronized |
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| 16 | |
The greatest amount of ventricular filling occurs during |
| | A) | the first one-third of diastole. |
| | B) | the middle one-third of diastole. |
| | C) | the last one-third of diastole. |
| | D) | ventricular systole. |
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| 17 | |
While the semilunar valves are open during a normal cardiac cycle, the pressure in the left ventricle is |
| | A) | greater than the pressure in the aorta. |
| | B) | less than the pressure in the aorta. |
| | C) | the same as the pressure in the left atrium. |
| | D) | less than the pressure in the left atrium. |
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| 18 | |
The pressure within the left ventricle fluctuates between |
| | A) | 120 and 80 mm Hg. |
| | B) | 120 and 0 mm Hg. |
| | C) | 80 and 0 mm Hg. |
| | D) | 20 and 0 mm Hg. |
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| 19 | |
Blood flows neither into nor out of the ventricles during |
| | A) | the period of isovolumic contraction. |
| | B) | the period of isovolumic relaxation. |
| | C) | diastole. |
| | D) | systole. |
| | E) | both a and b. |
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| 20 | |
Stroke volume is the |
| | A) | amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. |
| | B) | difference between end-diastolic and end-systolic volume. |
| | C) | difference between the amount of blood pumped at rest and that pumped at maximum output. |
| | D) | amount of blood pumped from the atria into the ventricles. |
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| 21 | |
Cardiac output is defined as |
| | A) | blood pressure times peripheral resistance. |
| | B) | peripheral resistance times heart rate. |
| | C) | heart rate times stroke volume. |
| | D) | stroke volume times blood pressure. |
| | E) | blood pressure minus peripheral resistance. |
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| 22 | |
Pressure in the aorta is at its lowest |
| | A) | at the time of the first heart sound. |
| | B) | at the time of the second heart sound. |
| | C) | just before the AV valves open. |
| | D) | just before the semilunar valves open. |
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| 23 | |
Just after the dicrotic notch on the aortic pressure curve, |
| | A) | the pressure in the aorta is greater than the pressure in the left ventricle. |
| | B) | the pressure in the left ventricle is greater than the pressure in the aorta. |
| | C) | the pressure in the left atrium is greater than the pressure in the left ventricle. |
| | D) | the pressure in the left atrium is greater than the pressure in the aorta. |
| | E) | blood pressure in the aorta is 0 mm Hg. |
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| 24 | |
The "lubb" sound (first heart sound) of the heart is caused by the |
| | A) | closing of the AV valves. |
| | B) | closing of the semilunar valves. |
| | C) | blood rushing out of the ventricles. |
| | D) | filling of the ventricles. |
| | E) | ventricular contraction. |
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| 25 | |
Increased venous return results in |
| | A) | increased stroke volume. |
| | B) | increased cardiac output. |
| | C) | decreased heart rate. |
| | D) | both a and b. |
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| 26 | |
Parasympathetic nerve fibers are found in the _____________ nerves and release _____________ at the heart. |
| | A) | cardiac, acetylcholine |
| | B) | cardiac, norepinephrine |
| | C) | vagus, acetylcholine |
| | D) | vagus, norepinephrine |
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| 27 | |
Increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart |
| | A) | increases the force of ventricular contraction. |
| | B) | increases the rate of depolarization in the SA node. |
| | C) | decreases the heart rate. |
| | D) | increases cardiac output. |
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| 28 | |
Because of the baroreceptor reflex, when normal arterial blood pressure decreases |
| | A) | heart rate decreases. |
| | B) | stroke volume decreases. |
| | C) | the frequency of afferent action potentials from baroreceptors decreases. |
| | D) | the cardioregulatory center stimulates parasympathetic neurons. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 29 | |
A decrease in blood pH and an increase in blood carbon dioxide levels result in |
| | A) | increased heart rate. |
| | B) | increased stroke volume. |
| | C) | increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. |
| | D) | increased cardiac output. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 30 | |
An increase in extracellular potassium levels could cause |
| | A) | an increase in stroke volume. |
| | B) | an increase in the force of contraction. |
| | C) | a decrease in heart rate. |
| | D) | both a and b. |
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