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| 5 | |
In which choice are the blood vessels correctly ranked in order of decreasing wall thickness? |
| | A) | capillary, vein, artery |
| | B) | artery, arteriole, metarteriole, capillary |
| | C) | vein, artery, arteriole |
| | D) | metarteriole, arteriole, capillary |
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| 6 | |
Each tissue type that is found in the wall of blood vessels has one or more specific functions that are necessary for the vessel to work correctly. In which of these choices is the tissue correctly matched with its role? |
| | A) | elastic connective tissue - anchors the blood vessel to other structures |
| | B) | endothelium - allows the vessel to expand during ventricular systole |
| | C) | loose connective tissue - repels blood cells and platelets |
| | D) | smooth muscle - allows the vessel to change its diameter |
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| 7 | |
The walls of capillaries are made of |
| | A) | endothelium only |
| | B) | endothelium and smooth muscle |
| | C) | a tunica interna and a tunica media |
| | D) | smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue |
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| 8 | |
Which statement about precapillary sphincters is correct? |
| | A) | They contract when oxygen levels in the tissue are low. |
| | B) | They can close off the capillaries by contracting. |
| | C) | They are openings that allow large molecules and blood cells to leave the capillary. |
| | D) | When the precapillary sphincters are open, blood flows through the thoroughfare channels. |
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| 9 | |
Which layer of the blood vessel wall anchors it to surrounding structures? |
| | A) | tunica externa (adventitia) |
| | B) | tunica interna (intima) |
| | C) | tunica media |
| | D) | internal elastic lamina |
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| 10 | |
Choose the correct statement. |
| | A) | For an artery and vein of the same diameter, the vein has a thicker wall. |
| | B) | Veins contain valves and arteries do not. |
| | C) | Blood pressure is lower in arteries than in veins. |
| | D) | When empty, an artery is more likely to be collapsed than a vein. |
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| 11 | |
The largest arteries are the |
| | A) | conducting (elastic) arteries |
| | B) | distributing (muscular) arteries |
| | C) | metarterioles |
| | D) | arterioles |
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| 12 | |
What kind of vessel provides a bypass for a capillary bed? |
| | A) | sinusoid |
| | B) | portal vein |
| | C) | thoroughfare channel |
| | D) | vasa vasorum |
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| 13 | |
Some capillaries contain these small openings in the endothelial lining. |
| | A) | gap junctions |
| | B) | fenestrations |
| | C) | tight junctions |
| | D) | venous valves |
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| 14 | |
A continuous capillary has _____ but not ______. |
| | A) | tight junctions; fenestrations |
| | B) | intercellular clefts; tight junctions |
| | C) | intercellular clefts; endothelial cells |
| | D) | fenestrations; tight junctions |
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| 15 | |
The pulmonary circulation |
| | A) | carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium |
| | B) | carries blood from the left ventricle to the body and back to the right atrium |
| | C) | supplies blood with a high oxygen level to all tissues of the body |
| | D) | veins carry blood with a low oxygen level |
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| 16 | |
In the pulmonary circulation, blood that leaves the pulmonary trunk next enters the |
| | A) | pulmonary veins |
| | B) | left and right pulmonary arteries |
| | C) | pulmonary capillaries |
| | D) | left atrium |
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| 17 | |
The left side of the pulmonary circulation contains |
| | A) | 2 lobar arteries and 2 pulmonary veins |
| | B) | 3 lobar arteries and 2 pulmonary veins |
| | C) | 2 lobar arteries and 3 pulmonary veins |
| | D) | 2 lobar arteries and 4 pulmonary veins |
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| 18 | |
Blood going to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries contains a high concentration of ______ and a low concentration of ______. |
| | A) | oxygen; hemoglobin |
| | B) | carbon dioxide; oxygen |
| | C) | oxygen; carbon dioxide |
| | D) | carbon dioxide; hemoglobin |
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| 19 | |
Choose the correct statement. |
| | A) | Blood pressure in the pulmonary capillaries is lower than blood pressure in the systemic capillaries. |
| | B) | Blood pressure in the pulmonary trunk is higher than blood pressure in the aorta. |
| | C) | More blood is pumped through the systemic circulation each minute than is pumped through the pulmonary circulation. |
| | D) | Pulmonary circulation is powered by the left side of the heart. |
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| 20 | |
Which part of the circulation sends blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen? |
| | A) | coronary |
| | B) | portal |
| | C) | pulmonary |
| | D) | systemic |
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| 21 | |
Damage to the left ventricular myocardium can cause |
| | A) | systemic edema |
| | B) | pulmonary edema |
| | C) | elevated cardiac output from the left ventricle |
| | D) | an increase in right ventricle stroke volume |
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| 22 | |
In which choice are the subdivisions of the aorta in correct order from central to peripheral? |
| | A) | thoracic aorta, aortic arch, abdominal aorta |
| | B) | aortic arch, ascending aorta, descending aorta |
| | C) | descending aorta, aortic arch, ascending aorta |
| | D) | ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta |
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| 23 | |
Which part of the aorta is attached to the heart? |
| | A) | abdominal aorta |
| | B) | aortic arch |
| | C) | ascending aorta |
| | D) | thoracic aorta |
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| 24 | |
Which of these is not a branch of the aortic arch? |
| | A) | left subclavian artery |
| | B) | right common carotid artery |
| | C) | left common carotid artery |
| | D) | brachiocephalic artery |
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| 48 | |
Which statement about the hepatic portal system is not correct? |
| | A) | It includes two capillary beds separated by a portal vein. |
| | B) | The first capillary bed picks up nutrients from the liver. |
| | C) | The second capillary bed delivers nutrients to the liver. |
| | D) | Blood leaving the hepatic portal vein flows into the second capillary bed. |
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| 49 | |
Blood from the venous sinuses in the cranium leaves the head by way of the |
| | A) | cephalic vein |
| | B) | external jugular vein |
| | C) | internal jugular vein |
| | D) | azygous vein |
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| 50 | |
When someone is not exercising, most of his total blood volume is in the |
| | A) | heart |
| | B) | arteries |
| | C) | capillaries |
| | D) | veins |
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| 51 | |
When taking blood pressure by the auscultatory method, the stethoscope is used to |
| | A) | measure the pressure of the blood pushing against the wall of the artery. |
| | B) | listen for the turbulent blood flow in the artery |
| | C) | measure the speed at which the blood is flowing through the artery |
| | D) | measure the pressure of air in the cuff |
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| 52 | |
Poiseuille's Law explains the effect of three factors on peripheral resistance. According to this law, |
| | A) | the smaller the radius of a vessel, the higher the resistance to blood flow |
| | B) | increased resistance causes increased blood flow |
| | C) | the higher the blood viscosity, the lower the peripheral resistance |
| | D) | a longer blood vessel offers less resistance than a shorter vessel of the same radius |
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| 53 | |
Blood is moved through the vascular system by |
| | A) | valves in the walls of the blood vessels |
| | B) | peristalsis caused by the smooth muscle in the blood vessel walls |
| | C) | pressure gradients created by the heart |
| | D) | osmotic pressure. |
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| 54 | |
Which of the following is not an important factor controlling venous blood flow? |
| | A) | positive cardiac pressure |
| | B) | negative cardiac pressure |
| | C) | venous valves |
| | D) | contraction of skeletal muscles |
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| 55 | |
Vasoconstriction |
| | A) | occurs when smooth muscle in the vessel wall relaxes |
| | B) | can be caused by signals from the sympathetic nervous system |
| | C) | increases blood flow in the constricted vessel |
| | D) | decreases blood pressure in the constricted vessel. |
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| 56 | |
The maximum pressure developed in a systemic artery |
| | A) | is called the systolic pressure |
| | B) | occurs during ventricular diastole |
| | C) | is called pulse pressure |
| | D) | occurs during atrial systole |
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| 57 | |
If a person's blood pressure is 110/70, then the |
| | A) | pulse pressure is 40 mm/Hg |
| | B) | diastolic pressure is 40 mm/Hg |
| | C) | systolic pressure is 70 mm/Hg |
| | D) | mean arterial pressure is 120 mm/Hg |
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| 58 | |
Pulse pressure is calculated by |
| | A) | adding diastolic pressure to systolic pressure |
| | B) | subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure |
| | C) | adding the diastolic and systolic pressure, then dividing by 2 |
| | D) | adding one-third of the difference between the diastolic and the systolic pressure to the diastolic pressure. |
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| 59 | |
Friction between the blood and vessel walls |
| | A) | decreases blood pressure |
| | B) | causes peripheral resistance |
| | C) | increases blood flow |
| | D) | increases as blood viscosity decreases |
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| 60 | |
Vasoconstriction |
| | A) | is caused by relaxation of smooth muscle in the blood vessel walls |
| | B) | decreases peripheral resistance |
| | C) | increases arterial blood pressure |
| | D) | decreases cardiac output |
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| 61 | |
What adds pressure to the blood in the arteries following ventricular systole and helps to maintain arterial blood pressure during ventricular diastole? |
| | A) | anastomoses |
| | B) | precapillary sphincters |
| | C) | venous valves |
| | D) | elastic recoil |
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| 62 | |
Which of these factors would increase peripheral resistance? |
| | A) | increased blood viscosity |
| | B) | decreased hematocrit |
| | C) | increased vessel radius |
| | D) | decreased blood volume |
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| 63 | |
The major factors determining blood pressure are |
| | A) | cardiac output and peripheral resistance |
| | B) | end systolic volume and end diastolic volume |
| | C) | the length of the blood vessels and the thickness of their walls |
| | D) | the level of carbon dioxide and the level of oxygen in the blood |
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| 64 | |
Venous return would be increased by |
| | A) | dilation of the veins |
| | B) | loss of the venous valves |
| | C) | increased skeletal muscle activity |
| | D) | decreased respiratory rate |
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| 65 | |
This material typically cannot move through the capillary wall. |
| | A) | carbon dioxide |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | protein |
| | D) | water |
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| 66 | |
Which of these pressures forces molecules out of capillaries? |
| | A) | blood hydrostatic pressure |
| | B) | blood osmotic pressure |
| | C) | tissue hydrostatic pressure |
| | D) | plasma colloid osmotic pressure |
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| 67 | |
Which of these pressures pulls water into capillaries? |
| | A) | blood hydrostatic pressure |
| | B) | blood colloid osmotic pressure |
| | C) | tissue hydrostatic pressure |
| | D) | tissue colloid osmotic pressure |
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| 68 | |
The colloid osmotic pressure of the blood is caused by |
| | A) | contraction of the heart ventricles |
| | B) | the presence of proteins in the plasma |
| | C) | the presence of sodium in the plasma |
| | D) | the presence of water in the plasma |
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| 69 | |
Which statement is correct? |
| | A) | Blood pressure is higher at the venule end of a capillary than at the arteriole end. |
| | B) | Blood pressure is the same at the arteriole and venule ends of a capillary. |
| | C) | Colloid osmotic pressure is higher at the arteriole end of a capillary. |
| | D) | Filtration is greater at the arteriole end of a capillary that at the venule end. |
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| 70 | |
Which of these would increase the movement of fluid out of the capillaries? |
| | A) | increase in blood pressure |
| | B) | increase in plasma colloid osmotic pressure |
| | C) | increase in tissue hydrostatic pressure |
| | D) | decrease in tissue colloid osmotic pressure |
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| 71 | |
Which statement about the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space is not correct? |
| | A) | Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid out of the capillary and into the interstitial space. |
| | B) | Blood osmotic pressure draws fluid from the interstitial space into the capillary. |
| | C) | Tissue hydrostatic pressure is usually greater than blood hydrostatic pressure. |
| | D) | Blood osmotic pressure is usually greater than tissue osmotic pressure. |
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| 72 | |
Small droplets of fluid may be moved between the blood and interstitial fluid by endothelial cells using pinocytosis to pick up the droplet on one side of the cell and exocytosis to release it on the other side. Identify this transport method. |
| | A) | transcytosis |
| | B) | bulk flow |
| | C) | diapedesis |
| | D) | filtration |
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| 73 | |
These two pressures, if positive, oppose capillary filtration. |
| | A) | blood hydrostatic pressure and tissue osmotic pressure |
| | B) | blood osmotic pressure and tissue osmotic pressure |
| | C) | blood osmotic pressure and tissue hydrostatic pressure |
| | D) | tissue hydrostatic pressure and tissue osmotic pressure |
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| 74 | |
In a given capillary, the following set of conditions exists:
| Blood hydrostatic pressure | 12 mmHg | | Blood osmotic pressure | 28 mmHg | | Tissue hydrostatic pressure | -3 mmHg | | Tissue osmotic pressure | 1 mmHg |
What is the net filtration pressure? |
| | A) | -18 mmHg |
| | B) | -12 mmHg |
| | C) | -14 mmHg |
| | D) | +38 mmHg |
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| 75 | |
Blood flow to a tissue increases if the |
| | A) | level of oxygen in the tissue increases |
| | B) | level of carbon dioxide in the tissue increases |
| | C) | tissue fluid pH rises |
| | D) | vessel constricts |
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| 76 | |
In a capillary bed, relaxation of the precapillary sphincters |
| | A) | causes more blood flow through thoroughfare channels |
| | B) | causes more blood flow through the capillaries |
| | C) | occurs when the tissue in the area does not need more oxygen |
| | D) | is controlled by the ANS |
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| 77 | |
Which of the following factors would increase blood flow to a tissue? |
| | A) | increased temperature |
| | B) | increased pH |
| | C) | decreased CO2 |
| | D) | increased blood pressure |
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| 78 | |
Which of the following would decrease mean arterial blood pressure? |
| | A) | constriction of the arterioles |
| | B) | dilation of the arterioles |
| | C) | increased blood volume |
| | D) | increased resistance |
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| 79 | |
In which choice is the factor on the left not correctly matched with its effect on the right? |
| | A) | increased heart rate; increased blood pressure |
| | B) | decreased stroke volume; decreased cardiac output |
| | C) | increased blood volume; increased blood pressure |
| | D) | decreased peripheral resistance; increased blood pressure |
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| 80 | |
If the blood pressure is elevated, the cardiovascular centers would compensate by |
| | A) | increasing the heart rate |
| | B) | sending sympathetic signals to the myocardial cells |
| | C) | increasing cardiac output |
| | D) | causing vasodilation |
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| 81 | |
Which of the following would decrease mean arterial blood pressure? |
| | A) | constriction of arterioles |
| | B) | dilation of the arterioles |
| | C) | increased blood volume |
| | D) | increased peripheral resistance |
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| 82 | |
Control of blood pressure is coordinated by this part of the brain. |
| | A) | hypothalamus |
| | B) | medulla oblongata |
| | C) | cerebellum |
| | D) | pons |
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| 83 | |
If blood pressure is too low, the cardiovascular control center in the medulla oblongata attempts to compensate by causing |
| | A) | systemic arteriole dilation |
| | B) | decreased heart rate |
| | C) | increased contractility of the myocardial cells |
| | D) | decreased cardiac output |
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| 84 | |
Information about blood pressure is collected and sent to the brain by |
| | A) | baroreceptors |
| | B) | osmoreceptors |
| | C) | endothelial cells |
| | D) | chemoreceptors |
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