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| 1 | |
The thick connective tissue layer of the digestive tract that contains blood vessels, small glands, and a nerve plexus is the |
| | A) | mucosa layer. |
| | B) | submucosa layer. |
| | C) | muscularis layer. |
| | D) | serosa (adventitia) layer. |
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| 2 | |
The intramural plexus is associated with the |
| | A) | somatic motor nervous system. |
| | B) | afferent (sensory) division of the PNS. |
| | C) | parasympathetic division of the ANS. |
| | D) | sympathetic division of the ANS. |
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| 3 | |
Except in the upper esophagus and stomach, the muscularis layer of the digestive tract consists of |
| | A) | one layer of skeletal muscle. |
| | B) | one layer of smooth muscle. |
| | C) | two layers of skeletal muscle. |
| | D) | two layers of smooth muscle. |
| | E) | one layer of smooth muscle and one layer of skeletal muscle. |
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| 4 | |
The mesentery that connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon and posterior body wall is the |
| | A) | greater omentum |
| | B) | lesser omentum. |
| | C) | omental bursa. |
| | D) | mesentery proper. |
| | E) | parietal peritoneum. |
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| 5 | |
All of these are retroperitoneal organs EXCEPT the |
| | A) | duodenum. |
| | B) | kidneys. |
| | C) | rectum. |
| | D) | stomach. |
| | E) | urinary bladder. |
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| 6 | |
The muscles responsible for protruding and retracting the tongue, moving it from side to side and changing its shape are the |
| | A) | buccinator and masseter muscles. |
| | B) | extrinsic tongue muscles. |
| | C) | intrinsic tongue muscles. |
| | D) | masseter and temporalis muscles. |
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| 7 | |
The frenulum is part of the |
| | A) | esophagus. |
| | B) | muscles of mastication. |
| | C) | lips. |
| | D) | teeth. |
| | E) | tongue. |
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| 8 | |
Adults normally have __________ permanent teeth; children have __________ deciduous teeth. |
| | A) | 36,36 |
| | B) | 32,32 |
| | C) | 32,20 |
| | D) | 20,32 |
| | E) | 20,20 |
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| 9 | |
The center of the tooth, which is filled with blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue, is called the |
| | A) | gingiva. |
| | B) | pulp. |
| | C) | cementum. |
| | D) | dentin. |
| | E) | enamel. |
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| 10 | |
The largest pair of salivary glands, which produce mostly watery saliva, are the |
| | A) | laryngeal glands. |
| | B) | parotid glands. |
| | C) | pharyngeal glands. |
| | D) | sublingual glands. |
| | E) | submandibular glands. |
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| 11 | |
Saliva |
| | A) | secretion (of the serous portion) is increased primarily by sympathetic stimulation. |
| | B) | contains amylase, which digests cellulose. |
| | C) | contains lysozyme, which has a weak antibacterial action. |
| | D) | contains pepsin, which digests protein. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 12 | |
Successive contraction of constrictor muscles occurs and the epiglottis covers the opening in the larynx. This describes |
| | A) | the voluntary phase of swallowing. |
| | B) | the esophageal phase of swallowing. |
| | C) | the mastication reflex. |
| | D) | the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. |
| | E) | the regurgitation reflex. |
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| 13 | |
Parietal cells in the lining of the stomach secrete |
| | A) | regulatory hormones. |
| | B) | pepsinogen. |
| | C) | HCl and intrinsic factor. |
| | D) | mucus. |
| | E) | bicarbonate ions. |
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| 14 | |
Large mucosal folds formed when the stomach is empty are called |
| | A) | the muscularis layer. |
| | B) | the pyloric sphincter. |
| | C) | rugae. |
| | D) | the fundus. |
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| 15 | |
The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are connected to ducts that enter the |
| | A) | cecum. |
| | B) | descending colon. |
| | C) | duodenum. |
| | D) | ileum. |
| | E) | jejunum. |
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| 16 | |
Folds formed from the mucosa and submucosa that are perpendicular to the long axis of the duodenum are called |
| | A) | intestinal glands. |
| | B) | lacteals. |
| | C) | microvilli. |
| | D) | plicae circulares. |
| | E) | villi. |
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| 17 | |
Besides capillaries, villi also contain lymphatic vessels called |
| | A) | gastric glands. |
| | B) | lacteals. |
| | C) | plicae circulares. |
| | D) | muscularis mucosae. |
| | E) | haustra. |
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| 18 | |
Given these sphincters:
1. external anal sphincter
2. ileocecal sphincter
3. lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter
4. pyloric sphincter
Arrange them in the order in which food passes through them. |
| | A) | 1,3,2,4 |
| | B) | 2,3,4,1 |
| | C) | 2,1,3,4 |
| | D) | 3,4,2,1 |
| | E) | 4,2,1,3 |
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| 19 | |
Which of these cells is correctly matched with its function? |
| | A) | absorptive cells-produce digestive enzymes |
| | B) | endocrine cells-produce regulatory hormones |
| | C) | goblet cells-produce protective mucus |
| | D) | duodenal glands-produce protective mucus |
| | E) | all of these are correct |
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| 20 | |
The major duodenal papilla is |
| | A) | a location for nutrient absorption in the duodenum. |
| | B) | the opening for the accessory pancreatic duct in the duodenum. |
| | C) | a large collection of villi in the jejunum. |
| | D) | the opening of the hepatopancreatic ampulla in the duodenum. |
| | E) | the opening for the spleen in the colon. |
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| 21 | |
Arrange these parts of the small intestine in order from largest number of villi and circular folds to smallest number of villi and circular folds.
1. duodenum
2. ileum
3. jejunum
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| | A) | 1,2,3 |
| | B) | 1,3,2 |
| | C) | 2,1,3 |
| | D) | 2,3,1 |
| | E) | 3,2,1 |
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| 22 | |
The most nutrient absorption takes place in the |
| | A) | duodenum and jejunum. |
| | B) | stomach and duodenum. |
| | C) | jejunum and ileum. |
| | D) | esophagus and stomach. |
| | E) | ileum and cecum. |
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| 23 | |
All of these are functions of the liver EXCEPT: |
| | A) | biotransformation of molecules. |
| | B) | production of digestive enzymes. |
| | C) | storage of glycogen, fat, vitamins, and iron. |
| | D) | synthesis of bile. |
| | E) | synthesis of blood components. |
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| 24 | |
In the liver, blood from the __________ and the hepatic artery flow into the hepatic sinusoids and become mixed. |
| | A) | bile canaliculi |
| | B) | central vein |
| | C) | hepatic ducts |
| | D) | hepatic portal vein |
| | E) | hepatic vein |
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| 25 | |
The acini of the pancreas produce |
| | A) | digestive enzymes. |
| | B) | glucagon. |
| | C) | insulin. |
| | D) | mucus. |
| | E) | both b and c |
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| 26 | |
Given these structures:
1. cecum
2. descending colon
3. rectum
4. sigmoid colon
5. transverse colon
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order food passes through them from the small intestine to the anus. |
| | A) | 1,2,3,4,5 |
| | B) | 1,5,2,4,3 |
| | C) | 2,5,1,3,4 |
| | D) | 3,1,5,2,4 |
| | E) | 4,2,1,5,3 |
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| 27 | |
Bands of longitudinal smooth muscle that run the length of the colon are called |
| | A) | haustra. |
| | B) | epiploic appendages. |
| | C) | intestinal glands. |
| | D) | teniae coli. |
| | E) | vermiform appendixes. |
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| 28 | |
The mucosal lining of the large intestine contains predominantly |
| | A) | absorptive cells. |
| | B) | endocrine cells. |
| | C) | goblet cells. |
| | D) | granular cells. |
| | E) | parietal cells. |
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| 29 | |
The greatest amount of stomach secretion takes place during the |
| | A) | cephalic phase. |
| | B) | gastric phase. |
| | C) | intestinal phase. |
| | D) | colic phase. |
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| 30 | |
Gastrin secretion is stimulated by |
| | A) | duodenal pH greater than 3. |
| | B) | secretin. |
| | C) | cholecystokinin. |
| | D) | gastric inhibitory polypeptide. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 31 | |
The "pyloric pump" describes |
| | A) | food movement through the esophagus into the stomach. |
| | B) | chyme moving from the stomach into the small intestine. |
| | C) | undigested food moving through the ileocecal valve. |
| | D) | feces moving through the internal anal sphincter. |
| | E) | gastrin, HCl, and pepsinogen being secreted from duodenal glands. |
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| 32 | |
Which of these conditions causes inhibition of gastric secretion? |
| | A) | hypotonic or hypertonic solution in the duodenum |
| | B) | distention of the duodenal wall |
| | C) | pH less than 2 in the duodenum |
| | D) | fats in the duodenum |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 33 | |
Which of these inhibits secretion and motility of the stomach? |
| | A) | enterogastric reflex |
| | B) | parasympathetic stimulation |
| | C) | gastrin |
| | D) | intrinsic factor |
| | E) | distention of stomach wall |
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| 34 | |
Duodenal gland secretion is stimulated by |
| | A) | stimulation of the sympathetic division of the ANS. |
| | B) | amylase. |
| | C) | chemical (acid) or tactile stimulation. |
| | D) | gastric inhibitory polypeptide. |
| | E) | the duodenocolic reflex. |
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| 35 | |
The __________ secretes peptidases and disaccharidases, whereas the __________ secretes trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase, and nucleases. |
| | A) | stomach, liver |
| | B) | stomach, small intestine |
| | C) | liver, small intestine |
| | D) | liver, pancreas |
| | E) | small intestine, pancreas |
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| 36 | |
All of these are enzymes that digest protein EXCEPT |
| | A) | lipase. |
| | B) | carboxypeptidase. |
| | C) | chymotrypsin. |
| | D) | pepsin. |
| | E) | trypsin. |
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| 37 | |
Which of these hormones causes contraction of the gall bladder? |
| | A) | cholecystokinin |
| | B) | gastrin |
| | C) | gastric inhibitory polypeptide |
| | D) | secretin |
| | E) | zymogen |
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| 38 | |
All of these occur in the large intestine EXCEPT: |
| | A) | large numbers of bacteria utilize undigested food. |
| | B) | fatty acids are absorbed. |
| | C) | vitamin K is produced. |
| | D) | sodium and water are absorbed. |
| | E) | mucus is produced. |
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| 39 | |
Arrange these events in the order in which they occur during fat digestion, absorption, and transport:
1. chylomicrons enter lacteals
2. triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol coated with protein
3. fatty acids and glycerol packaged into micelles
4. bile salts emulsify fats
5. lipase digests fat
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| | A) | 1,2,4,5,3 |
| | B) | 2,5,4,3,1 |
| | C) | 3,5,4,1,2 |
| | D) | 4,5,3,2,1 |
| | E) | 5,3,4,1,2 |
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| 40 | |
A major transport lipoprotein that has 92% lipid and 8% protein is a(n) |
| | A) | Chylomicron. |
| | B) | HDL (high-density lipoprotein). |
| | C) | LDL (low-density lipoprotein). |
| | D) | VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein). |
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