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| 1 | |
The major development of organ systems takes place in the |
| | A) | first 2 weeks of development |
| | B) | third to eighth week of development |
| | C) | eighth to twentieth week of development |
| | D) | last 30 weeks of development |
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| 2 | |
Given these structures:
1. blastocyst
2. morula
3. zygote
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order in which they are formed during development. |
| | A) | 1,2,3 |
| | B) | 1,3,2 |
| | C) | 2,3,1 |
| | D) | 3,1,2 |
| | E) | 3,2,1 |
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| 3 | |
The embryo proper develops from the |
| | A) | inner cell mass. |
| | B) | trophoblast. |
| | C) | blastocele. |
| | D) | yolk sac. |
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| 4 | |
The placenta |
| | A) | develops from the trophoblast. |
| | B) | allows maternal blood to mix with embryonic blood. |
| | C) | invades the lacunae of the embryo. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 5 | |
The embryonic disk |
| | A) | forms between the amniotic cavity and the yolk sac. |
| | B) | contains the primitive streak. |
| | C) | becomes a three-layered structure. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 6 | |
The brain develops from |
| | A) | ectoderm. |
| | B) | endoderm. |
| | C) | mesoderm. |
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| 7 | |
Most of the skeletal system develops from |
| | A) | ectoderm. |
| | B) | endoderm. |
| | C) | mesoderm. |
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| 8 | |
Given these structures:
1. neural crest
2. neural plate
3. neural tube
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order in which they form during development. |
| | A) | 1,2,3 |
| | B) | 1,3,2 |
| | C) | 2,1,3 |
| | D) | 2,3,1 |
| | E) | 3,2,1 |
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| 9 | |
The somites give rise to the |
| | A) | circulatory system. |
| | B) | skeletal muscle. |
| | C) | lungs. |
| | D) | kidneys. |
| | E) | brain. |
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| 10 | |
The pericardial cavity forms from |
| | A) | evagination of the early gastrointestinal tract. |
| | B) | the neural tube. |
| | C) | the celom. |
| | D) | the branchial arches. |
| | E) | pharyngeal pouches. |
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| 11 | |
The parts of the limbs develop |
| | A) | in a proximal-to-distal sequence. |
| | B) | in a distal-to-proximal sequence. |
| | C) | at approximately the same time. |
| | D) | before the primitive streak is formed. |
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| 12 | |
Concerning development of the face, |
| | A) | the face develops by the fusion of five embryonic structures. |
| | B) | the maxillary processes normally meet at the midline to form the lip. |
| | C) | the primary palate forms the roof of the mouth. |
| | D) | clefts of the secondary palate normally occur to one side of the midline. |
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| 13 | |
Concerning the development of the heart, |
| | A) | the heart develops from a single tube, which results from fusion of two tubes. |
| | B) | the SA node develops in the wall of the sinus venosus. |
| | C) | the foramen ovale lets blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium. |
| | D) | the bulbis cordis is absorbed into the ventricle. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 14 | |
Given these structures:
1. mesonephros
2. metanephros
3. pronephros
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order in which they form during development. |
| | A) | 1,2,3 |
| | B) | 1,3,2 |
| | C) | 2,3,1 |
| | D) | 3,1,2 |
| | E) | 3,2,1 |
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| 15 | |
A study of the early embryo indicates that the glans penis of the male develops from the same embryonic structure as which of these female structures? |
| | A) | labia majora |
| | B) | uterus |
| | C) | clitoris |
| | D) | vagina |
| | E) | urinary bladder |
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| 16 | |
Which hormone causes differentiation of sex organs in the developing male fetus? |
| | A) | FSH and LH |
| | B) | LH and testosterone |
| | C) | testosterone and dihydrotestosterone |
| | D) | estrogen and progesterone |
| | E) | GnRH and FSH |
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| 17 | |
Onset of labor may be a result of |
| | A) | increased estrogen secretion by the placenta. |
| | B) | increased glucocorticoid secretion by the fetus. |
| | C) | increased secretion of oxytocin. |
| | D) | stretch of the uterus. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 18 | |
Following birth, |
| | A) | the ductus arteriosus closes. |
| | B) | the pH of the stomach increases. |
| | C) | the fossa ovalis becomes the foramen ovale. |
| | D) | blood flow through the pulmonary arteries decreases. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 19 | |
The hormone involved in milk production is |
| | A) | oxytocin. |
| | B) | prolactin. |
| | C) | estrogen. |
| | D) | progesterone. |
| | E) | ACTH. |
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| 20 | |
Which of these most appropriately predicts the consequences of removing the sensory neurons from the areola of a lactating rat (or human). |
| | A) | Blood levels of oxytocin decrease. |
| | B) | Blood levels of prolactin decrease. |
| | C) | Milk production and letdown decreases. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 21 | |
Which of these life stages is correctly matched with the time that the stage occurs? |
| | A) | neonate—birth to 1 month after birth |
| | B) | infant—1 month to 6 months |
| | C) | child—6 months to 5 years |
| | D) | puberty—10–12 years |
| | E) | middle age—20–40 years |
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| 22 | |
Which of these occurs as we get older? |
| | A) | Neurons replicate to replace lost neurons. |
| | B) | Skeletal muscle cells replicate to replace lost muscle cells. |
| | C) | Cross-links between collagen molecules increase. |
| | D) | The immune system become less sensitive to the body's own antigens. |
| | E) | Free radicals help to prevent cancer. |
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| 23 | |
A gene is |
| | A) | the functional unit of heredity. |
| | B) | a certain portion of a DNA molecule. |
| | C) | a part of a chromosome. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 24 | |
Which of these does not contribute to genetic differences between gametes? |
| | A) | crossing-over |
| | B) | independent assortment |
| | C) | linkage |
| | D) | nondisjunction |
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| 25 | |
Which of these terms is correctly matched with its definition? |
| | A) | autosome—an X or Y chromosome |
| | B) | phenotype—the genetic makeup of an individual |
| | C) | allele—genes occupying the same locus on homologous chromosomes |
| | D) | heterozygous—having two identical genes for a trait |
| | E) | recessive—a trait expressed when the genes are heterozygous |
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| 26 | |
Which of these genotypes is heterozygous? |
| | A) | DD |
| | B) | Dd |
| | C) | dd |
| | D) | both a and c |
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| 27 | |
The ABO blood group is an example of |
| | A) | dominant versus recessive alleles. |
| | B) | incomplete dominance. |
| | C) | codominance. |
| | D) | a polygenic trait. |
| | E) | sex-linked inheritance. |
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| 28 | |
Assume that a trait is determined by an X-linked dominant gene. If the mother exhibits the trait, but the father does not, then their |
| | A) | sons are more likely than their daughters to exhibit the trait. |
| | B) | daughters are more likely than their sons to exhibit the trait. |
| | C) | sons and daughters are equally likely to exhibit the trait. |
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| 29 | |
Which of these could result in a congenital disorder? |
| | A) | a parent has the same disorder |
| | B) | a teratogen |
| | C) | a mutagen |
| | D) | all of the above |
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