| Backflush | Calculating how many of each part were used in production and using these calculations to adjust actual on-hand inventory balances. This eliminates the need to actually track each part used in production.
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| Customer value | In the context of lean production, something for which the customer is willing to pay.
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| Freeze window | The period of time during which the schedule is fixed and no further changes are possible.
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| Group technology | A philosophy in which similar parts are grouped into families, and the processes required to make the parts are arranged in a specialized workcell.
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| Kaizen | Japanese philosophy that focuses on continuous improvement.
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| Kanban | A signaling device used to control production.
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| Kanban pull system | An inventory or production control system that uses a signaling device to regulate flows.
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| Lean production | Integrated activities designed to achieve high-volume, high-quality production using minimal inventories of raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods.
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| Level schedule | A schedule that pulls material into final assembly at a constant rate.
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| Preventive maintenance | Periodic inspection and repair designed to keep equipment reliable.
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| Quality at the source | Philosophy of making factory workers personally responsible for the quality of their output. Workers are expected to make the part correctly the first time and to stop the process immediately if there is a problem.
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| Uniform plant loading | Smoothing the production flow to dampen schedule variation.
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| Value stream | These are the value-adding and non–value-adding activities required to design, order, and provide a product from concept to launch, order to delivery, and raw materials to customers.
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| Value stream mapping | A graphical way to analyze where value is or is not being added as material flows through a process.
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| Waste | Anything that does not add value from the customer’s perspective.
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| Waste reduction | The optimization of value-adding activities and elimination of non–value-adding activities that are part of the value stream.
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