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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
Which step is the first step in the scientific method?
A)reviewing the literature
B)formulating a testable hypothesis
C)defining the problem
D)selecting the research design and then collecting and analyzing the data
2
An explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept is
A)a hypothesis.
B)an operational definition.
C)a correlation.
D)a variable.
3
The variable hypothesized to cause or influence another is called
A)the dependent variable.
B)the hypothetical variable.
C)the correlation variable.
D)the independent variable.
4
Which kind of sample is most frequently used by social scientists?
A)a purposive sample
B)a haphazard sample
C)a random sample
D)a nonscientific sample
5
Which type of variable is a factor held constant to test the relative impact of the independent variable?
A)a control variable
B)an independent variable
C)a dependent variable
D)a hypothetical variable
6
A study generally in the form of an interview or questionnaire that provides researchers with information about how people think and act is known as what?
A)an observation
B)ethnography
C)an experiment
D)a survey
7
__________ refers to the study of an entire social setting through extended systematic observation.
A)Experimental research
B)Ethnographic research
C)Survey research
D)Secondary analysis
8
Using __________, Erving Goffman conducted a pioneering exploration of how advertisements portray women.
A)content analysis
B)face-to-face interviews
C)secondary analysis
D)experimental research
9
When sociologists want to study a possible cause-and-effect relationship, they may engage in what kind of research technique?
A)ethnography
B)survey research
C)secondary analysis
D)experimental research
10
Durkheim's statistical analysis of suicide was an example of what kind of research technique?
A)ethnography
B)observation research
C)secondary analysis
D)experimental research
11
Max Weber argued that sociologists must practice what in their research?
A)subjectivity
B)keeping the real reasons for the research secret
C)using statistical analysis
D)value neutrality
12
What is one of the most complicating factors in researching human sexuality that is discussed in the text?
A)Most researchers are not comfortable studying human sexuality.
B)The government agencies are reluctant to provide funding for such research.
C)It is difficult to find respondents willing to talk about sexual behavior.
D)all of these
13
In The Death of White Sociology, Joyce Ladner focused on what issue?
A)value neutrality
B)a statistical analysis of suicide
C)environmental protestors
D)the treatment of the lives of African Americans as a social problem
14
Which of the following statements is false?
A)Sociological studies always generate data that supports the original hypothesis.
B)The scientific model is important because it plays a major role in the workings of our society.
C)Education affects a person's income.
D)Television polls are not representative samples.
15
In the 1930s, William F. Whyte moved into a low-income Italian neighborhood in Boston. For nearly four years, he was a member of the social circle of "corner boys" that he describes in Street Corner Society. His goal was to gain greater insight into the community that these men had established. What type of research technique did Whyte use?
A)experimental
B)survey
C)secondary analysis
D)participant observation
16
The systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem is termed the
A)dramaturgical approach.
B)scientific method.
C)functionalist approach.
D)feminist view.
17
A sociologist studying prejudice views the phenomenon in terms of a person's unwillingness to hire or work with members of minority groups. This view illustrates an explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept and is known as a/an
A)operational definition.
B)hypothesis.
C)theory.
D)independent variable.
18
A/an __________ is a speculative statement about the relationship between two or more factors known as variables.
A)operational definition
B)theory
C)hypothesis
D)correlation
19
A measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions is referred to as a/an
A)A operational definition.
B)B. theory.
C)C. hypothesis.
D)D. variable.
20
A correlation exists when
A)one variable causes something to occur in another variable.
B)two or more variables are causally related.
C)a change in one variable coincides with a change in another variable.
D)a negative relationship exists between two variables.
21
The degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the phenomenon under study is termed
A)reliability.
B)validity.
C)sampling representativeness.
D)predictability.
22
Which of the following is NOT a form of survey?
A)interview
B)questionnaire
C)observation
D)all of these
23
Which of these is NOT an arena where feminists are most likely to focus their ethnographic research?
A)playgrounds
B)street corners
C)grocery stores
D)front stoops
24
The term ___________ refers to the unintended influence that observers of experiments can have on their subjects.
A)Hawthorne effect
B)causal logic
C)secondary analysis
D)none of these
25
Your text explains that the controversy surrounding research on human sexual behavior raises the issue of
A)the Hawthorne effect.
B)value neutrality.
C)casual logic.
D)research design.





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