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| 1 | |
"Setting the stage" refers to __________. |
| | A) | selecting research participants |
| | B) | measuring the dependent variable |
| | C) | controlling for experimenter expectations |
| | D) | none of these |
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| 2 | |
An educational psychologist wanted to know if second grade students were more accurate at solving math problems when the teacher presented the problem in a non-verbal picture form compared to a verbal story form. Students were randomly assigned to conditions and the results revealed more correct answers in the non-verbal condition. What type of manipulation did the researcher use? |
| | A) | staged |
| | B) | conditional |
| | C) | straightforward |
| | D) | event |
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| 3 | |
Which type(s) of manipulation frequently employ(s) a confederate? |
| | A) | staged |
| | B) | straightforward |
| | C) | strong |
| | D) | both a and c |
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| 4 | |
What are the three general types of a dependent variable used in most experiments? |
| | A) | self-report, behavioral, physiological |
| | B) | psychological, self-report, behavioral |
| | C) | biological, psychological, behavioral |
| | D) | observational, physiological, behavioral |
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| 5 | |
Researchers conducted a memory experiment in which participants were randomly assigned to review a short list of simple words in one of three conditions: running in place, skipping in place, or hopping in place. Results revealed participants in all three conditions recalled all the words on the list. Most likely a __________ effect can explain these results. |
| | A) | performance |
| | B) | floor |
| | C) | ceiling |
| | D) | base |
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| 6 | |
If the independent variable has the same effect on several measures of the same dependent variable, __________. |
| | A) | a poor research design is suspected |
| | B) | flawed findings are suspected |
| | C) | the operational definition is assumed to be very weak |
| | D) | confidence in the results is increased |
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| 7 | |
Any feature of an experiment that might inform a participant of the purpose of the study is called a __________ characteristic. |
| | A) | filter |
| | B) | demand |
| | C) | defined |
| | D) | none of these |
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| 8 | |
A placebo group is added to an experiment to control for __________. |
| | A) | demand characteristics |
| | B) | experimenter bias |
| | C) | participants' expectations |
| | D) | selection bias |
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| 9 | |
The problem of expectancy effects may be minimized by |
| | A) | running all conditions of an experiment simultaneously. |
| | B) | carefully training experimenters. |
| | C) | automating procedures. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 10 | |
A __________ allows the researcher to determine if instructions are clear and if the total experimental setting is plausible. |
| | A) | manipulation check |
| | B) | pilot study |
| | C) | pretest-only design |
| | D) | posttest |
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| 11 | |
The case of Clever Hans is an example of the problem of ___________. |
| | A) | demand characteristics |
| | B) | placebo effects |
| | C) | expectancy effects |
| | D) | participant bias |
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| 12 | |
In a __________ study, neither the participant nor the experimenter knows whether the placebo or actual treatment is given. |
| | A) | single-blind |
| | B) | double-blind |
| | C) | fully-blinded |
| | D) | condition-blind |
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| 13 | |
The benefits of a manipulation check include ___________. |
| | A) | the opportunity to change the manipulation to make it more effective |
| | B) | being able to identify whether nonsignificant results are due to a problem with the independent variable |
| | C) | the completion of additional statistical tests that confirm significance |
| | D) | both a and b |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following is an example of a behavioral measure of behavior? |
| | A) | reaction time |
| | B) | perceived extroversion |
| | C) | galvanic skin response (GSR) |
| | D) | both a and c |
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| 15 | |
A research paper that is submitted to a journal is __________ to make sure it has a careful external review before it is either rejected for publication or published. |
| | A) | literary-reviewed |
| | B) | manuscript-reviewed |
| | C) | expert-reviewed |
| | D) | peer-reviewed |
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| 16 | |
__________ is defined as the extent to which results from a study can be generalized to other populations and settings. |
| | A) | Interrater reliability |
| | B) | External validity |
| | C) | Construct validity |
| | D) | Discriminant validity |
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| 17 | |
In Milgram's studies of obedience participants were led to believe that they were administering electric shocks to a fellow participant. This is an example of a(n) |
| | A) | straightforward manipulation. |
| | B) | staged manipulation. |
| | C) | repeated measures design. |
| | D) | behavioral manipulation. |
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| 18 | |
When is using a strong manipulation most important? |
| | A) | in the later stages of research |
| | B) | when external validity is weak |
| | C) | in the early stages of research |
| | D) | it is always import to use the strongest manipulation possible |
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| 19 | |
A researcher is interested in how temperature impacts exam performance. Participants are randomly assigned to answer math questions in a hot and cold room. The results indicated poor performance in each condition. During debriefing participants commented that the questions were very difficult. Which of the following best explains these results? |
| | A) | there was a problem with ceiling effects |
| | B) | there was a problem with floor effects |
| | C) | there was a problem with demand characteristics |
| | D) | there was a problem with experimenter bias |
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| 20 | |
Researchers can protect against demand characteristics in all of the following ways except |
| | A) | use filler items |
| | B) | use deception |
| | C) | conduct laboratory experiments instead of field experiments |
| | D) | ask participants about their perceptions of the purpose of the research |
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| 21 | |
Dan is participating in research project aimed at determining if a new drug can cure the common cold. He is given 4 doses of the drug but he does not know if he was given a placebo or the actual drug. The researcher, however, does know. This is an example of a(n) |
| | A) | single-blind experiment. |
| | B) | double-blind experiment. |
| | C) | pilot study. |
| | D) | manipulation check. |
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